Ritu Kumar - Revision history

BradyGregg4996: enhanced information per sources and added references

2026-02-10T03:05:39Z

enhanced information per sources and added references

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:35, 10 February 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{short description\|Indian fashion designer}}		{{short description\|Indian fashion designer}}
	{{Infobox fashion designer		{{Infobox fashion designer
	\|name = Ritu Kumar		\| name = Ritu Kumar
	\| image = ritu kumar ~~with anushka sharma store launch~~.jpg		\| image = ritu kumar.jpg
	\| caption = Kumar ~~(left) with [[Anushka Sharma]] at the launch of Kumar's flagship store~~		\| caption = Kumar in 2012
	\|birth_date =		\| birth_date = {{Birth date and age\|1944\|11\|11}}
	\|birth_place =		\| birth_place = [[Amritsar]], India
	\|death_date =		\| death_date =
	\|death_place =		\| death_place =
	~~\|nationality = Indian~~		\| education = [[Briarcliff College]] [[New York (state)\|New York]]<br>[[Lady Irwin College]] [[Delhi]]
	\|education = [[Briarcliff College]] [[New York (state)\|New York]]<br>[[Lady Irwin College]] [[Delhi]]		\| children = {{hlist\|[[Ashvin Kumar]]\|[[Amrish Kumar]]}}
	\|children = [[Ashvin Kumar]] [[Amrish Kumar]]		\| label_name = {{hlist\|Ritu Kumar\|Ri\|Ritu Kumar Home\|LABEL Ritu Kumar}}
	\|label_name = 'Ritu Kumar~~', '~~Ri~~', '~~Ritu Kumar Home~~' and '~~LABEL Ritu Kumar		\| awards = [[Padma Shri]] 2013
	\|awards = [[Padma Shri]] 2013		\| website = {{URL\|https://ritukumar.com}}
	\|known_for =		\| known_for =
	\|occupation = [[Fashion designer]]		\| occupation = [[Fashion designer]]
	}}		}}

	'''Ritu Kumar''' is an Indian [[fashion design]]er.		'''Ritu Kumar''' (born 11 November 1944) is an Indian [[fashion design]]er.

	==Early life and education==		==Early life and education==
	The lack of educational opportunities ~~there~~ led her to move to [[Simla]] for her schooling, where she attended [[Loreto Convent, Tara Hall, Shimla\|Loreto Convent]]. She later studied at [[Lady Irwin College]], where she met and married Shashi Kumar, and then went on to accept a scholarship at [[Briarcliff College]] in [[New York (state)\|New York]], where she studied Art History.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=All About Ritu Kumar Fashion Designer in India\|url=https://www.utsavpedia.com/fashion-cults/ritu-kumar/\|date=2016-03-01\|website=Utsavpedia\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref> On returning to [[India]], she studied [[museology]] at the [[Asutosh Museum of Indian Art]], part of the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref name=Garg>{{cite web\|last1=Garg\|first1=Nikshubha\|title=Meet Ritu Kumar, the doyen of Indian haute couture\|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/meet-ritu-kumar-the-doyen-of-indian-haute-couture/15856179\|publisher=Mid-Day\|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref> Her son is [[Academy Awards\|Oscar]] nominated director, [[Ashvin Kumar]].		The lack of educational opportunities in [[Amritsar]] led her to move to [[Simla]] for her schooling, where she attended [[Loreto Convent, Tara Hall, Shimla\|Loreto Convent]]. She later studied at [[Lady Irwin College]], where she met and married Shashi Kumar, and then went on to accept a scholarship at [[Briarcliff College]] in [[New York (state)\|New York]], where she studied Art History.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=All About Ritu Kumar Fashion Designer in India\|url=https://www.utsavpedia.com/fashion-cults/ritu-kumar/\|date=2016-03-01\|website=Utsavpedia\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref> On returning to [[India]], she studied [[museology]] at the [[Asutosh Museum of Indian Art]], part of the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref name=Garg>{{cite web\|last1=Garg\|first1=Nikshubha\|title=Meet Ritu Kumar, the doyen of Indian haute couture\|date=21 December 2014 \|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/meet-ritu-kumar-the-doyen-of-indian-haute-couture/15856179\|publisher=Mid-Day\|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref> Her son is [[Academy Awards\|Oscar]] nominated director, [[Ashvin Kumar]].

	==Career==		==Career==

	Kumar began her fashion business in Kolkata, using two small tables and hand-block printing techniques. Beginning with bridal wear and evening clothes in the 1960s and 70s, she eventually moved into the international market in the subsequent two decades.<ref name="FingerSchuler2004">{{cite book\|author1=J. Michael Finger\|author2=Philip Schuler\|title=Poor People's Knowledge: Promoting Intellectual Property in Developing Countries\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=He46WGmWy1QC&pg=PT20\|date=23 January 2004\|publisher=World Bank Publications\|isbn=978-0-8213-8369-8\|page=20}}</ref> As well as shops in India, Kumar's company has also opened branches in Paris, London and New York. The London branch closed after three years, in 1999. Her company's annual turnover at the time was the highest of any Indian fashion outlet, estimated at around ₹10 billion.<ref name="Bhachu2005">{{cite book\|author=Parminder Bhachu\|title=Dangerous Designs: Asian Women Fashion the Diaspora Economies\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaKJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA68\|date=5 October 2005\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=1-134-90863-6\|pages=68–69}}</ref><ref name="Sengupta2009">{{cite book\|author=Hindol Sengupta\|title=Ramp Up\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k7LkhFadBIwC&pg=PA162\|year=2009\|publisher=Pearson Education India\|isbn=978-81-317-1974-9\|pages=158–162}}</ref> In 2002 she launched the "Label" line in partnership with her son Amrish.<ref name="Bryant2010">{{cite book\|author=Jill Bryant\|title=Dazzling Women Designers\|url=https://archive.org/details/dazzlingwomendes0000brya\|url-access=registration\|year=2010\|publisher=Second Story Press\|isbn=978-1-897187-82-1\|page=[https://archive.org/details/dazzlingwomendes0000brya/page/65 65]}}</ref> Kumar discusses her career at length in a ~~recent~~ interview for the Creating Emerging Markets project at the [[Harvard Business School]], beginning with how she first broke into the Paris and New York fashion houses and department stores in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hbs.edu/businesshistory/emerging-markets/pages/profile-detail.aspx?profile=rkumar \|title=Interview with Ritu Kumar \|website=Creating Emerging Markets \|publisher=Harvard Business School}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://lifeandtrendz.com/ritu-kumar-gets-featured-in-harvard-business-school-study/ \|title=Ritu Kumar Gets Featured in Harvard Business School Study \|website=Life and Trendz \|date=8 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube\|id=Sra-N-gQp-Y \|title="Doing Good By Doing Business - Creating Emerging Markets"}}</ref>		Kumar began her fashion business in Kolkata, using two small tables and hand-block printing techniques. Beginning with bridal wear and evening clothes in the 1960s and 70s, she eventually moved into the international market in the subsequent two decades.<ref name="FingerSchuler2004">{{cite book\|author1=J. Michael Finger\|author2=Philip Schuler\|title=Poor People's Knowledge: Promoting Intellectual Property in Developing Countries\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=He46WGmWy1QC&pg=PT20\|date=23 January 2004\|publisher=World Bank Publications\|isbn=978-0-8213-8369-8\|page=20}}</ref> As well as shops in India, Kumar's company has also opened branches in Paris, London and New York. The London branch closed after three years, in 1999. Her company's annual turnover at the time was the highest of any Indian fashion outlet, estimated at around ₹10 billion.<ref name="Bhachu2005">{{cite book\|author=Parminder Bhachu\|title=Dangerous Designs: Asian Women Fashion the Diaspora Economies\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaKJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA68\|date=5 October 2005\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=1-134-90863-6\|pages=68–69}}</ref><ref name="Sengupta2009">{{cite book\|author=Hindol Sengupta\|title=Ramp Up\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k7LkhFadBIwC&pg=PA162\|year=2009\|publisher=Pearson Education India\|isbn=978-81-317-1974-9\|pages=158–162}}</ref> In 2002 she launched the "Label" line in partnership with her son Amrish.<ref name="Bryant2010">{{cite book\|author=Jill Bryant\|title=Dazzling Women Designers\|url=https://archive.org/details/dazzlingwomendes0000brya\|url-access=registration\|year=2010\|publisher=Second Story Press\|isbn=978-1-897187-82-1\|page=[https://archive.org/details/dazzlingwomendes0000brya/page/65 65]}}</ref> Kumar discusses her career at length in a 2015 interview for the Creating Emerging Markets project at the [[Harvard Business School]], beginning with how she first broke into the Paris and New York fashion houses and department stores in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hbs.edu/businesshistory/emerging-markets/pages/profile-detail.aspx?profile=rkumar \|title=Interview with Ritu Kumar \|website=Creating Emerging Markets \|publisher=Harvard Business School}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://lifeandtrendz.com/ritu-kumar-gets-featured-in-harvard-business-school-study/ \|title=Ritu Kumar Gets Featured in Harvard Business School Study \|website=Life and Trendz \|date=8 August 2015 \|access-date=23 September 2015 \|archive-date=14 November 2018 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114224108/https://lifeandtrendz.com/ritu-kumar-gets-featured-in-harvard-business-school-study/ \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{YouTube\|id=Sra-N-gQp-Y \|title="Doing Good By Doing Business - Creating Emerging Markets"}}</ref>

	==Designs==		==Designs==

	Kumar's designs focus on natural fabrics and traditional printing and weaving techniques.<ref name="Sengupta2009"/> She has also included Western elements in her work,<ref name="FingerSchuler2004"/> but has generally not innovated beyond traditional [[sari]] designs.<ref name=IE>{{cite book\|title=Indian Essentials\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1q0dbWEhiPgC&pg=PT184\|date=1 January 2010\|publisher=Penguin Books India\|isbn=978-0-14-306526-5\|page=184}}</ref> Her clothes have been worn by celebrities such as [[Princess Diana]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Lara Dutta]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Madhuri Dixit\|Madhuri Dixit Nene]], [[Madhur Jaffrey]], [[Kalki Koechlin]], [[Dia Mirza]], [[Soha Ali Khan]] and [[Jemima Goldsmith]].<ref name="Bhachu2005"/><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/kalki-koechlin-shoots-for-label-ritu-kumars-new-campaign-2953705/\|title=Kalki Koechlin shoots for Label Ritu ~~Kumar’s~~ new campaign\|date=2016-08-04\|access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.vogue.in/content/10-times-bollywood-chose-ritu-kumar-wedding-wear/\|title=10 times Bollywood chose Ritu Kumar wedding wear\|date=2015-08-05\|website=VOGUE India\|access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref>		Kumar's designs focus on natural fabrics and traditional printing and weaving techniques.<ref name="Sengupta2009"/> She has also included Western elements in her work,<ref name="FingerSchuler2004"/> but has generally not innovated beyond traditional [[sari]] designs.<ref name=IE>{{cite book\|title=Indian Essentials\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1q0dbWEhiPgC&pg=PT184\|date=1 January 2010\|publisher=Penguin Books India\|isbn=978-0-14-306526-5\|page=184}}</ref> Her clothes have been worn by celebrities such as [[Princess Diana]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Lara Dutta]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Madhuri Dixit\|Madhuri Dixit Nene]], [[Madhur Jaffrey]], [[Kalki Koechlin]], [[Dia Mirza]], [[Soha Ali Khan]] and [[Jemima Goldsmith]].<ref name="Bhachu2005"/><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/kalki-koechlin-shoots-for-label-ritu-kumars-new-campaign-2953705/\|title=Kalki Koechlin shoots for Label Ritu Kumar's new campaign\|date=2016-08-04\|access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.vogue.in/content/10-times-bollywood-chose-ritu-kumar-wedding-wear/\|title=10 times Bollywood chose Ritu Kumar wedding wear\|date=2015-08-05\|website=VOGUE India\|access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref>

	~~== Website ==~~		== Awards and recognition ==
	The domain ritukumar.com attracted 1,658,109 users in the year 2019. The company has also invested on server to handle excessive traffic during wedding seasons in India. The website of Ritu Kumar is designed by Digital Impressions.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.digitalimpressions.in/work/ritu-kumar/\|title=Ritu Kumar - Ecommerce Website by Digital Impressions\|website=Digital Impressions - Ecommerce website development\|language=en\|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref>		In 2013 Ritu Kumar was given the [[Padma Shri]] award by the Government of India.<ref name="National">{{cite news\|last1=McLaughlin-Duane\|first1=Rebecca\|date=1 June 2015\|title=Indian celebrity designer Ritu Kumar unveils new collection in Dubai\|work=The National\|url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/fashion/20150601/indian-celebrity-designer-ritu-kumar-unveils-new-collection-in-dubai\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714003542/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/fashion/20150601/indian-celebrity-designer-ritu-kumar-unveils-new-collection-in-dubai\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=14 July 2015\|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref>

	== Awards ~~& Recognition~~ ==
	In 2013 ~~she~~ was given the [[Padma Shri]] award by the Government of India.<ref name="National">{{cite news\|last1=McLaughlin-Duane\|first1=Rebecca\|date=1 June 2015\|title=Indian celebrity designer Ritu Kumar unveils new collection in Dubai\|work=The National\|url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/fashion/20150601/indian-celebrity-designer-ritu-kumar-unveils-new-collection-in-dubai\|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref>

	She won the Achievement Award in 2012 at L’oreal Paris Femina Women’s Awards.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=All About Ritu Kumar Fashion Designer in India\|url=https://www.utsavpedia.com/fashion-cults/ritu-kumar/\|date=2016-03-01\|website=Utsavpedia\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref>		She won the Achievement Award in 2012 at L’oreal Paris Femina Women’s Awards.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=All About Ritu Kumar Fashion Designer in India\|url=https://www.utsavpedia.com/fashion-cults/ritu-kumar/\|date=2016-03-01\|website=Utsavpedia\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref>
Line 52:		Line 49:
	{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Ritu}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Ritu}}
	[[Category:Indian women fashion designers]]		[[Category:Indian women fashion designers]]
			[[Category:Indian fashion designers]]
	[[Category:Living people]]		[[Category:Living people]]
	[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in other fields]]		[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in other fields]]
Line 57:		Line 55:
	[[Category:21st-century Indian designers]]		[[Category:21st-century Indian designers]]
	[[Category:Women artists from Punjab, India]]		[[Category:Women artists from Punjab, India]]
	[[Category:~~Year of birth missing (living people)~~]]		[[Category:Lady Irwin College alumni]]
			[[Category:1944 births]]

49.204.142.212: /* Designs */

2021-10-27T09:53:42Z

Designs

New page

{{short description|Indian fashion designer}}
{{Infobox fashion designer
|name = Ritu Kumar
| image = ritu kumar with anushka sharma store launch.jpg
| caption = Kumar (left) with [[Anushka Sharma]] at the launch of Kumar's flagship store
|birth_date =
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|nationality = Indian
|education = [[Briarcliff College]] [[New York (state)|New York]]<br>[[Lady Irwin College]] [[Delhi]]
|children = [[Ashvin Kumar]] [[Amrish Kumar]]
|label_name = 'Ritu Kumar', 'Ri', 'Ritu Kumar Home' and 'LABEL Ritu Kumar
|awards = [[Padma Shri]] 2013
|known_for =
|occupation = [[Fashion designer]]
}}

'''Ritu Kumar''' is an Indian [[fashion design]]er.

==Early life and education==
The lack of educational opportunities there led her to move to [[Simla]] for her schooling, where she attended [[Loreto Convent, Tara Hall, Shimla|Loreto Convent]]. She later studied at [[Lady Irwin College]], where she met and married Shashi Kumar, and then went on to accept a scholarship at [[Briarcliff College]] in [[New York (state)|New York]], where she studied Art History.<ref>{{Cite web|title=All About Ritu Kumar Fashion Designer in India|url=https://www.utsavpedia.com/fashion-cults/ritu-kumar/|date=2016-03-01|website=Utsavpedia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref> On returning to [[India]], she studied [[museology]] at the [[Asutosh Museum of Indian Art]], part of the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref name=Garg>{{cite web|last1=Garg|first1=Nikshubha|title=Meet Ritu Kumar, the doyen of Indian haute couture|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/meet-ritu-kumar-the-doyen-of-indian-haute-couture/15856179|publisher=Mid-Day|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref> Her son is [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] nominated director, [[Ashvin Kumar]].

==Career==

Kumar began her fashion business in Kolkata, using two small tables and hand-block printing techniques. Beginning with bridal wear and evening clothes in the 1960s and 70s, she eventually moved into the international market in the subsequent two decades.<ref name="FingerSchuler2004">{{cite book|author1=J. Michael Finger|author2=Philip Schuler|title=Poor People's Knowledge: Promoting Intellectual Property in Developing Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=He46WGmWy1QC&pg=PT20|date=23 January 2004|publisher=World Bank Publications|isbn=978-0-8213-8369-8|page=20}}</ref> As well as shops in India, Kumar's company has also opened branches in Paris, London and New York. The London branch closed after three years, in 1999. Her company's annual turnover at the time was the highest of any Indian fashion outlet, estimated at around ₹10 billion.<ref name="Bhachu2005">{{cite book|author=Parminder Bhachu|title=Dangerous Designs: Asian Women Fashion the Diaspora Economies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaKJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|date=5 October 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1-134-90863-6|pages=68–69}}</ref><ref name="Sengupta2009">{{cite book|author=Hindol Sengupta|title=Ramp Up|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k7LkhFadBIwC&pg=PA162|year=2009|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1974-9|pages=158–162}}</ref> In 2002 she launched the "Label" line in partnership with her son Amrish.<ref name="Bryant2010">{{cite book|author=Jill Bryant|title=Dazzling Women Designers|url=https://archive.org/details/dazzlingwomendes0000brya|url-access=registration|year=2010|publisher=Second Story Press|isbn=978-1-897187-82-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/dazzlingwomendes0000brya/page/65 65]}}</ref> Kumar discusses her career at length in a recent interview for the Creating Emerging Markets project at the [[Harvard Business School]], beginning with how she first broke into the Paris and New York fashion houses and department stores in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hbs.edu/businesshistory/emerging-markets/pages/profile-detail.aspx?profile=rkumar |title=Interview with Ritu Kumar |website=Creating Emerging Markets |publisher=Harvard Business School}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://lifeandtrendz.com/ritu-kumar-gets-featured-in-harvard-business-school-study/ |title=Ritu Kumar Gets Featured in Harvard Business School Study |website=Life and Trendz |date=8 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|id=Sra-N-gQp-Y |title="Doing Good By Doing Business - Creating Emerging Markets"}}</ref>

==Designs==

Kumar's designs focus on natural fabrics and traditional printing and weaving techniques.<ref name="Sengupta2009"/> She has also included Western elements in her work,<ref name="FingerSchuler2004"/> but has generally not innovated beyond traditional [[sari]] designs.<ref name=IE>{{cite book|title=Indian Essentials|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1q0dbWEhiPgC&pg=PT184|date=1 January 2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306526-5|page=184}}</ref> Her clothes have been worn by celebrities such as [[Princess Diana]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Lara Dutta]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Madhuri Dixit|Madhuri Dixit Nene]], [[Madhur Jaffrey]], [[Kalki Koechlin]], [[Dia Mirza]], [[Soha Ali Khan]] and [[Jemima Goldsmith]].<ref name="Bhachu2005"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/kalki-koechlin-shoots-for-label-ritu-kumars-new-campaign-2953705/|title=Kalki Koechlin shoots for Label Ritu Kumar’s new campaign|date=2016-08-04|access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vogue.in/content/10-times-bollywood-chose-ritu-kumar-wedding-wear/|title=10 times Bollywood chose Ritu Kumar wedding wear|date=2015-08-05|website=VOGUE India|access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref>

== Website ==
The domain ritukumar.com attracted 1,658,109 users in the year 2019. The company has also invested on server to handle excessive traffic during wedding seasons in India. The website of Ritu Kumar is designed by Digital Impressions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitalimpressions.in/work/ritu-kumar/|title=Ritu Kumar - Ecommerce Website by Digital Impressions|website=Digital Impressions - Ecommerce website development|language=en|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref>

== Awards & Recognition ==
In 2013 she was given the [[Padma Shri]] award by the Government of India.<ref name="National">{{cite news|last1=McLaughlin-Duane|first1=Rebecca|date=1 June 2015|title=Indian celebrity designer Ritu Kumar unveils new collection in Dubai|work=The National|url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/fashion/20150601/indian-celebrity-designer-ritu-kumar-unveils-new-collection-in-dubai|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref>

She won the Achievement Award in 2012 at L’oreal Paris Femina Women’s Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=All About Ritu Kumar Fashion Designer in India|url=https://www.utsavpedia.com/fashion-cults/ritu-kumar/|date=2016-03-01|website=Utsavpedia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-13}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.ritukumar.com/ Official Website]
* [https://www.labelritukumar.com/ Ritu Kumar Label Official]
* [https://ri.ritukumar.com/ Ritu Kumar other Official Website]

{{Authority control}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Ritu}}
[[Category:Indian women fashion designers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in other fields]]
[[Category:Artists from Amritsar]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian designers]]
[[Category:Women artists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]