Rickard Christophers - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 16:49, 11 July 2022
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	{{short description\|British zoologist}}		{{short description\|British zoologist}}
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	==Career==		==Career==
	In 1897, he took part in an Amazonian expedition and in 1898 went to Italy as part of the Malaria Commission, followed by a trip to Africa to study [[malaria]]. In 1901, the Malaria Commission moved to India.<ref>{{cite web\|url= http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/files/pdfs/MS11N01P055.pdf\|title= Mosquito Systematics\|access-date= 18 January 2011\|url-status= dead\|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110302090124/http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/files/pdfs/MS11N01P055.pdf\|archive-date= 2 March ~~2022~~}}</ref>		In 1897, he took part in an Amazonian expedition and in 1898 went to Italy as part of the Malaria Commission, followed by a trip to Africa to study [[malaria]]. In 1901, the Malaria Commission moved to India.<ref>{{cite web\|url= http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/files/pdfs/MS11N01P055.pdf\|title= Mosquito Systematics\|access-date= 18 January 2011\|url-status= dead\|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110302090124/http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/files/pdfs/MS11N01P055.pdf\|archive-date= 2 March 2011}}</ref>

	On his return to England in 1902, he became a Lieutenant in the [[Indian Medical Service]], moving back to India in 1904. In 1910 he was appointed the first Director of the Central Malaria Bureau, coordinating anti-malarial training and research throughout India. He spent World War I on anti-malaria duties in Iraq and in 1919 returned again to India as Director of the Central Research Institute at Kasauli in the foothills of the Himalayas.		On his return to England in 1902, he became a Lieutenant in the [[Indian Medical Service]], moving back to India in 1904. In 1910 he was appointed the first Director of the Central Malaria Bureau, coordinating anti-malarial training and research throughout India. He spent World War I on anti-malaria duties in Iraq and in 1919 returned again to India as Director of the Central Research Institute at Kasauli in the foothills of the Himalayas.

	Christophers was also an honorary physician to [[George V of the United Kingdom\|King George V]] from 1927 to 1930. He was awarded [[Order of the Indian Empire\|CIE]] in 1915, [[Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire\|OBE]] in 1918 and knighted in 1931. He retired from the [[Indian Medical Service]] 27 November 1930 a Brevet Colonel.<ref>Supplement to the January 1939 Indian Army List</ref> On his retirement in 1932–38, he joined the [[London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine]] where he became Professor of Malaria Studies in the [[University of London]] and Leverhulme Fellow of the Medical Research Council in charge of the Malaria unit at the [[London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine\|LSHTM]].<ref>{{Cite book\|title=LSHTM Memoir II History of the School of Tropical Medicine in London 1899-1949\|last=Manson-Bahr\|first=Philip\|publisher=H.K. Lewis & Co. Ltd.\|year=1956\|location=London\|pages=202}}</ref> In 1944 Christophers was awarded the [[Manson Medal]] by the [[Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene]] for his significant contribution to the fields of tropical medicine and hygiene.<ref>{{cite web\|title=List of past medal holders\|url=http://www.rstmh.org/awards/medals/list-past-medal-holders#Manson\|publisher=Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910123308/http://www.rstmh.org/awards/medals/list-past-medal-holders#Manson\|archive-date=10 September ~~2022~~}}</ref>		Christophers was also an honorary physician to [[George V of the United Kingdom\|King George V]] from 1927 to 1930. He was awarded [[Order of the Indian Empire\|CIE]] in 1915, [[Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire\|OBE]] in 1918 and knighted in 1931. He retired from the [[Indian Medical Service]] 27 November 1930 a Brevet Colonel.<ref>Supplement to the January 1939 Indian Army List</ref> On his retirement in 1932–38, he joined the [[London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine]] where he became Professor of Malaria Studies in the [[University of London]] and Leverhulme Fellow of the Medical Research Council in charge of the Malaria unit at the [[London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine\|LSHTM]].<ref>{{Cite book\|title=LSHTM Memoir II History of the School of Tropical Medicine in London 1899-1949\|last=Manson-Bahr\|first=Philip\|publisher=H.K. Lewis & Co. Ltd.\|year=1956\|location=London\|pages=202}}</ref> In 1944 Christophers was awarded the [[Manson Medal]] by the [[Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene]] for his significant contribution to the fields of tropical medicine and hygiene.<ref>{{cite web\|title=List of past medal holders\|url=http://www.rstmh.org/awards/medals/list-past-medal-holders#Manson\|publisher=Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910123308/http://www.rstmh.org/awards/medals/list-past-medal-holders#Manson\|archive-date=10 September 2011}}</ref>

	== Personal life ==		== Personal life ==
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	==Awards==		==Awards==
	He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in May 1926.<ref name="frs"/><ref>{{cite web\|url= http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27christophers%27%29\|title= Library and Archive Catalogue\|publisher= Royal Society\|access-date= 22 December ~~2022~~}}{{dead link\|date=April 2018 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He was the sixteenth president of the [[Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene]] from 1939 to 1943.		He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in May 1926.<ref name="frs"/><ref>{{cite web\|url= http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27christophers%27%29\|title= Library and Archive Catalogue\|publisher= Royal Society\|access-date= 22 December 2010}}{{dead link\|date=April 2018 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He was the sixteenth president of the [[Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene]] from 1939 to 1943.

	An expert on tropical medicines, Christophers studied many diseases, particularly malaria. His work on the research of this disease won him the Royal Society's 1952 [[Buchanan Medal]] for "outstanding research" on the Anopheles mosquito that transmitted malaria. In his career he also contributed to the [[Taxonomy (biology)\|taxonomy]] of other [[parasitism\|parasites]].		An expert on tropical medicines, Christophers studied many diseases, particularly malaria. His work on the research of this disease won him the Royal Society's 1952 [[Buchanan Medal]] for "outstanding research" on the Anopheles mosquito that transmitted malaria. In his career he also contributed to the [[Taxonomy (biology)\|taxonomy]] of other [[parasitism\|parasites]].

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{{short description|British zoologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name =
| birth_name = Samuel Rickard Christophers
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| image = Rickard Christophers.jpg
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1873|11|27}}
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1978|02|19|1873|11|27}}
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| awards = [[Manson Medal]] {{small|(1944)}}<br>[[Buchanan Medal]] {{small|(1952)}}<br>[[Fellow of the Royal Society]]<ref name="frs"/>
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Brevet Colonel '''Sir (Samuel) Rickard Christophers''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CIE|OBE|FRS}}<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Shortt | first1 = H. E. | last2 = Garnham | first2 = P. C. C. | author-link2 = Cyril Garnham| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1979.0005 | title = Samuel Rickard Christophers. 27 November 1873-19 February 1978 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 25 | pages = 179–207 | year = 1979 | pmid = 11615792| doi-access = free }}</ref> (27 November 1873 – 19 February 1978<ref>Service, M.W. [http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/pdfs/MS11N01P055.PDF Obituary* Sir Rickard Christophers: A Tribute] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926224711/http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/pdfs/MS11N01P055.PDF |date=26 September 2007 }} ''Mosquito Systematics'' Vol. 11 (l), 1979, 55–58</ref>) was a British [[protozoology|protozoologist]] and medical [[entomology|entomologist]] specialising in [[mosquito]]es.<ref>Obituary- ''Antenna'' ([[Royal Entomological Society]] Bulletin) 2 (2)</ref>

==Education==
Christophers was born and raised in [[Liverpool]], the son of Samuel Hunt Christophers and Mary Selina Christophers née Rickard and educated at the [[Liverpool Institute]] and [[University of Liverpool]], graduating MB in 1896.

==Career==
In 1897, he took part in an Amazonian expedition and in 1898 went to Italy as part of the Malaria Commission, followed by a trip to Africa to study [[malaria]]. In 1901, the Malaria Commission moved to India.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/files/pdfs/MS11N01P055.pdf|title= Mosquito Systematics|access-date= 18 January 2011|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110302090124/http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/files/pdfs/MS11N01P055.pdf|archive-date= 2 March 2022}}</ref>

On his return to England in 1902, he became a Lieutenant in the [[Indian Medical Service]], moving back to India in 1904. In 1910 he was appointed the first Director of the Central Malaria Bureau, coordinating anti-malarial training and research throughout India. He spent World War I on anti-malaria duties in Iraq and in 1919 returned again to India as Director of the Central Research Institute at Kasauli in the foothills of the Himalayas.

Christophers was also an honorary physician to [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] from 1927 to 1930. He was awarded [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]] in 1915, [[Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire|OBE]] in 1918 and knighted in 1931. He retired from the [[Indian Medical Service]] 27 November 1930 a Brevet Colonel.<ref>Supplement to the January 1939 Indian Army List</ref> On his retirement in 1932–38, he joined the [[London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine]] where he became Professor of Malaria Studies in the [[University of London]] and Leverhulme Fellow of the Medical Research Council in charge of the Malaria unit at the [[London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|LSHTM]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=LSHTM Memoir II History of the School of Tropical Medicine in London 1899-1949|last=Manson-Bahr|first=Philip|publisher=H.K. Lewis & Co. Ltd.|year=1956|location=London|pages=202}}</ref> In 1944 Christophers was awarded the [[Manson Medal]] by the [[Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene]] for his significant contribution to the fields of tropical medicine and hygiene.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of past medal holders|url=http://www.rstmh.org/awards/medals/list-past-medal-holders#Manson|publisher=Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910123308/http://www.rstmh.org/awards/medals/list-past-medal-holders#Manson|archive-date=10 September 2022}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Sir Philip Manson-Bahr, son-in-law of [[Patrick Manson|Sir Patrick Manson]], described Sir Rickard Christophers in 1956:

''<nowiki/>'Christophers is known everywhere for his endearing qualities. He has a modest bearing and a curious hesitant manner accompanied by a cheerful giggle. He is the friend, philosopher and mentor of all keen young men of science''<ref>{{Cite book|title=LSHTM Memoir II History of the School of Tropical Medicine in London 1899-1949|last=Manson-Bahr|first=Philip|publisher=H.K. Lewis & Co. Ltd|year=1956|location=London|pages=202}}</ref>''<nowiki/>'''

He died at Broadstone in Dorset.

He had married Elise Emma Sherman in London in September 1902. She was the daughter of the owner of a coffee estate in India. Their first child, Elise Iseult, was born in June 1903 in [[Allahabad]], India, and their son, Samuel Vagn, in December the following year in [[Madras]]. Lady Christophers died in England in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_118726_obituarysirrickardchristopher1979/MS_V11_N1_P055-58_djvu.txt|title = Obituary - Sir Rickard Christopher|year = 1979}}</ref>

==Awards==
He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in May 1926.<ref name="frs"/><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27christophers%27%29|title= Library and Archive Catalogue|publisher= Royal Society|access-date= 22 December 2022}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He was the sixteenth president of the [[Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene]] from 1939 to 1943.

An expert on tropical medicines, Christophers studied many diseases, particularly malaria. His work on the research of this disease won him the Royal Society's 1952 [[Buchanan Medal]] for "outstanding research" on the Anopheles mosquito that transmitted malaria. In his career he also contributed to the [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] of other [[parasitism|parasites]].

==Works==
*A summary of the recent observations upon the [[Anopheles]] of the Middle East. ''Indian Journal of Medical Research'' 7, pp. 710–716 (1920).
*With Shortt, H.E.: Malaria in [[Mesopotamia]]. ''Indian Journal of Medical Research'' 8, pp. 508–529 (1921).
*''[[The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma]]''. [[Diptera]] Volume IV (1933).

==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Christophers, Samuel Rickard}}
[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Liverpool Institute High School for Boys]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Liverpool]]
[[Category:British zoologists]]
[[Category:British entomologists]]
[[Category:English centenarians]]
[[Category:Men centenarians]]
[[Category:Malariologists]]
[[Category:Manson medal winners]]
[[Category:British parasitologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Liverpool]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Naturalists of British India]]
[[Category:Indian Medical Service officers]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene]]