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{{Short description|Species of orchid}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Rhynchostylis retusa, West Java.jpg
| image_caption =
| genus = Rhynchostylis
| species = retusa
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) Blume<ref name=WCSP_178388>{{WCSP |178388 |''Rhynchostylis retusa'' |mode=cs1|access-date=28 April 2018 }}</ref>
| synonyms ={{collapsible list|''Epidendrum retusum'' [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] ([[basionym]])
|''Aerides guttata'' (Lindl.) Roxb.
|''Aerides praemorsa'' Willd.
|''Aerides retusa'' (L.) Sw.
|''Aerides spicata'' D.Don
|''Aerides undulata'' Sm.
|''Anota violacea'' (Rchb.f.) Schltr.
|''Epidendrum hippium'' Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
|''Epidendrum indicum'' Poir.
|''Gastrochilus blumei'' (Lindl.) Kuntze
|''Gastrochilus garwalicus'' (Lindl.) Kuntze
|''Gastrochilus praemorsus'' (Willd.) Kuntze
|''Gastrochilus retusus'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) Kuntze
|''Gastrochilus rheedei'' (Wight) Kuntze
|''Gastrochilus spicatus'' (D.Don) Kuntze
|''Gastrochilus violaceus'' (Rchb.f.) Kuntze
|''Limodorum retusum'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) Sw.
|''Orchis lanigera'' Blanco
|''Rhynchostylis albiflora'' I.Barua & Bora
|''Rhynchostylis garwalica'' (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
|''Rhynchostylis guttata'' (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
|''Rhynchostylis praemorsa'' (Willd.) Blume
|''Rhynchostylis retusa'' f. ''albiflora'' (I.Barua & Bora) Christenson
|''Rhynchostylis violacea'' Rchb.f.
|''Saccolabium blumei'' Lindl.
|''Saccolabium garwalicum'' Lindl.
|''Saccolabium guttatum'' (Lindl.) Lindl. ex Wall.
|''Saccolabium heathii'' auct.
|''Saccolabium macrostachyum'' Lindl.
|''Saccolabium praemorsum'' (Willd.) Lindl.
|''Saccolabium retusum'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) Voigt
|''Saccolabium rheedei'' Wight
|''Saccolabium spicatum'' (D.Don) Lindl.
|''Saccolabium violaceum'' Rchb.f.
|''Sarcanthus guttatus'' Lindl.<ref name=ob>[http://orchidblooming.com/cgi-bin/ob.pl?route=product/product&product_id=163 "Rhynchostylis Retusa"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306111704/http://orchidblooming.com/cgi-bin/ob.pl?route=product%2Fproduct&product_id=163 |date=2016-03-06 }}. Orchid Blooming. Retrieved on 2013-03-18.</ref>
}}
}}

'''''Rhynchostylis retusa''''' (also called '''foxtail orchid''') is an orchid, belonging to the ''[[Vanda]]'' alliance. The inflorescence is a pendant [[raceme]], consisting of more than 100 pink-spotted white flowers. The plant has a short, stout, creeping stem carrying up to 12, curved, fleshy, deeply channeled, keeled, retuse apically leaves and blooms on an axillary pendant to {{convert|60|cm|abbr=on}} long, racemose, densely flowered, cylindrical inflorescence that occurs in the winter and early spring. It is famous for its use as a hair-ornament worn by Assamese women during folk dance Bihu on the onset of spring.<ref name=ob/>

==Distribution==
[[File:Rhynchostylis retusa infloresence closeup.jpg|left|thumb|Close-up of the individual flowers forming the inflorescence of Rhynchostylis retusa]]
The plant is an [[epiphyte]] growing on tree trunks in open forests or at forest margins at elevations of {{convert|300|-|1500|m|abbr=on}}. It can be found in [[Bhutan]], [[Cambodia]], [[China]] (Guizhou, Yunnan), [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Laos]], [[Malaysia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Nepal]], [[Philippines]], [[Singapore]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Thailand]], and [[Vietnam]].<ref name=FoC>{{cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028817 |title=''Rhynchostylis retusa'' (Linnaeus) Blume, Bijdr. 286. 1825 |author=Xinqi Chen |author2=Jeffrey J. Wood |work=Flora of China |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA |access-date=28 April 2018}}</ref>

In India, the plant is most common in North-East, [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. In Andhra Pradesh, the plant is called by [[Telugu language|Telugu]] name Chintaranamu. Due to bio-piracy,{{citation needed|date=July 2014}} the plant is on the verge of extinction in India. Rhychostylis retusa is recognized as the state flower of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Assam]] in India as well the [[Uva Province]] of Sri Lanka.
[[File:Rhynchostylis gigantea of Assam 2.jpg|left|thumb|Rhynchostylis retusa, an Orchid species of frequent occurrence in Assam]]

==Care==
The plant requires regular watering and applications of fertilizer throughout the year,<ref name=ob/> although it will die if the leaves are wet frequently.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} It prefers indirect lighting. Flowering usually occurs in late spring.<ref name=os>(1998-01-20). [http://www.orchidspecies.com/rhynchostylis.htm "Rhynchostylis page"]. Orchid Species.com. Retrieved on 2013-03-18.</ref>

==Medicinal uses==
In [[Malabar District]] various preparations of the plant were used against [[asthma]] and [[tuberculosis]] and for 'nervous twitchings' (referable possibly to [[tic disorder]]), [[cramp]], [[epileptic spasms]], [[vertigo]], [[palpitations]], [[kidney stone]] and [[menstrual disorder]]. The plant has also been used in Assam to treat wounds, cuts and bruises. The plant has been used as an [[emollient]] in India and [[Nepal]]. Under the name of ''rasna'' the root is used to treat [[rheumatism]] throughout the Indian subcontinent.<ref>Orchid Biology: Reviews and Perspectives, III ed. Arditti,Joseph,pub.Comstock Publishing Associates - a division of Cornell University Press 1984 {{ISBN|0-8014-1040-1}} (v.1) : Chapter 2 : Ethnobotany of the Orchidaceae by Lawler,Leonard J. page 101</ref>

==Significance in Assamese culture==
The species is the state flower of [[Assam]], where it is popularly known as [[কপৌ ফুল]] (Kopou Ful), and is an integral part of a [[Bihu]] dancer's attire. The plant is considered to be a symbol of love, fertility and merriment and is popular in Assamese wedding ceremonies.

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="150" heights="150">
File:Rhynchostylis retusa flower transformation.ogg|Transformation of ''Rhynchostylis retusa'' from flower buds to seeds.
File:Rhynchostylis retusa buds 0.jpg|New Buds of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa buds 1.jpg|New Buds of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa buds 3.jpg|Buds of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa buds 4.jpg|Buds of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa buds 5.jpg|Buds of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa buds 7.jpg|Buds of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa bloom.jpg|Flowers of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa flower.jpg|Flowers of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa flowers 2.jpg|Flowers of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa flowers.jpg|Flowers of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa fruits 0.jpg|New fruits of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa fruits 1.jpg|New fruits of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa fruits 2.jpg|New fruits of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa fruits 4.jpg|Fruits of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa fruits 5.jpg|Fruits of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa fruits 6.jpg|Fruits of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa fruits 7.jpg|Matured fruits of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa seeds 1.jpg|Matured fruits of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa seeds.jpg|Matured fruits of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis retusa roots.jpg|New roots of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
File:Rhynchostylis-retusa.jpg|Flowers of ''Rhynchostylis retusa''
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons and category-inline}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Rhynchostylis retusa|''Rhynchostylis retusa''}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2221728}}

[[Category:Rhynchostylis|retusa]]
[[Category:Orchids of Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Assam (region)]]
[[Category:Orchids of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Flora of Bhutan]]
[[Category:Orchids of Cambodia]]
[[Category:Orchids of China]]
[[Category:Orchids of Assam]]
[[Category:Orchids of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Orchids of Laos]]
[[Category:Orchids of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Orchids of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Orchids of Nepal]]
[[Category:Orchids of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Orchids of Singapore]]
[[Category:Orchids of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Orchids of Thailand]]
[[Category:Orchids of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

Rhynchostylis retusa - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article