Reserved forests and protected forests of India - Revision history

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	~~{{Wildlife of India}}~~		A '''reserved forest''' (also called a '''reserve forest''') and '''protected forest''' in [[India]] are [[forest]]s accorded a certain degree of protection. The concept was introduced in the [[Indian Forest Act,_1927\|Indian Forest Act of 1927]] during the [[British Raj]] to refer to forests granted protection under the [[British crown]] in British India, but not associated [[suzerain]]ties. After [[Partition of India\|Indian independence]], the [[Government of India]] retained the status of the reserved and protected forests, and extended protection to other forests. Many forests that came under the jurisdiction of the Government of India during the [[political integration of India]] were initially granted such protection.
	A '''reserved forest''' (also called '''reserve forest''') and '''protected forest''' in [[India]] are ~~terms denoting~~ [[forest]]s accorded a certain degree of protection. The ~~term~~ was ~~first~~ introduced in the [[Indian Forest Act, 1927]] in [[British Raj]], to refer to ~~certain~~ forests granted protection under the [[British crown]] in British India, but not associated [[suzerain]]ties. After [[Partition of India\|Indian independence]], the [[Government of India]] retained the status of the ~~existing~~ reserved and protected forests, ~~as well as incorporating new reserved~~ and ~~protected~~ forests. Many forests ~~which~~ came under the jurisdiction of the Government of India during the [[political integration of India]] were initially granted such protection~~. The first Reserve Forest Of India was Satpura National Park~~.

	~~==Reserved Forests==~~		Unlike [[National Parks of India\|National Parks]] or [[wildlife sanctuaries of India\|wildlife sanctuaries]], reserved forests and protected forests are declared by the respective [[Government of India#State and local governments\|state governments]]. At present, reserved forests and protected forests differ in one important way: Activities including hunting, grazing, etc. in ''reserved forests'' are banned unless specific orders are issued otherwise. In ''protected forests'', such activities are sometimes allowed for communities living on the fringes of the forest, who sustain their livelihood partially or wholly from forest resources or products.
	~~Land rights to forests declared to be Reserved forests or Protected forests are typically acquired (if not already owned) and owned by the Government of India.~~ Unlike [[~~national parks~~ of India]] or [[wildlife sanctuaries of India]], reserved forests and protected forests are declared by the respective [[Government of India#State and local governments\|state governments]]. At present, reserved forests and protected forests differ in one important way:
	~~Rights to all activities like~~ hunting, grazing, etc. in ''reserved forests'' are banned unless specific orders are issued otherwise. In ''protected ~~areas~~'', ~~rights to~~ activities ~~like hunting and grazing~~ are sometimes ~~given to~~ communities living on the fringes of the forest, who sustain their livelihood partially or wholly from forest resources or products.

	==~~Protected~~ Forests==		== Reserved Forests ==
	Protected forests are of ~~two kinds - '''demarcated protected forests''' and '''undemarcated protected forests''', based on whether the limits~~ of ~~the forest have been specified by a formal notification~~.		Land rights to forests declared to be Reserved forests or Protected forests are typically held by the Government of India. The first Reserve Forest of India was [[Satpura National Park]].

	~~Typically, protected~~ forests are ~~often upgraded to~~ the ~~status~~ of ~~wildlife sanctuaries, which in turn may be upgraded to~~ the ~~status of national parks, with each category receiving a higher degree of protection and government funding. For example, [[Sariska National Park]] was declared a reserved~~ forest ~~in 1955, upgraded to the status of a wildlife sanctuary in 1958, becoming a [[Tiger Reserve]] in 1978. Sariska became~~ a ~~national park in 1992, though primary~~ notification ~~to declare it as a national park was issued as early as 1982~~.~~<ref>[http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/projecttiger/sariska.doc Sariska information sheet], [[Sanctuary Asia]] website</ref>~~		== Protected Forests ==
			Protected forests are either demarcated or undemarcated, based on whether the limits of the forest have been specified by a formal notification.

	~~For~~ the ~~entire list~~, ~~see [[List~~ of ~~Protected areas in India]]~~.		A protected forest is land notified under the provisions of the Indian Forest Act or the State Forests Act. In protected forests, all activities are permitted unless they are expressly prohibited. A protected forest is land that is a reserved forest, and over which the government has property rights, as declared by a state government under section 29 of the Indian forest act 1927.

	Protected ~~forest is an area or mass of land notified under~~ the ~~provisions~~ of ~~Indian forest act or the state forests act having limited~~ degree of protection. ~~In protected forests~~, ~~all activities are permitted unless it is prohibited. Protected~~ forest ~~is an area or mass of land which is~~ a ~~reserved forests~~, and ~~over which the government has property rights~~, ~~declared to be so by~~ a ~~state government under the provisions of section 29 of the Indian forest act 1927~~.		Protected forests are often upgraded to [[wildlife sanctuaries]], which in turn may be upgraded to the status of [[national parks]], with each category receiving a higher degree of protection and government funding. For example, [[Sariska National Park]] was declared a reserved forest in 1955, a wildlife sanctuary in 1958, and a [[Tiger Reserve]] in 1978, before becoming a national park in 1992.<ref>[http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/projecttiger/sariska.doc Sariska information sheet], [[Sanctuary Asia]] website</ref>

	== Effect of Tribal Population Growth on Forest Flora and Fauna ==		== Effect of Tribal Population Growth on Forest Flora and Fauna ==
	Due to faster population growth in forest and tribal areas, naturally available forest resources ([[NTFP]]) are becoming inadequate ~~for their~~ basic livelihood. Many tribal people are giving up their traditional livelihoods ~~and taking up~~ farming and cattle ranching in the forest areas ~~causing irreparable damage~~. ~~Such people, formerly the~~ protectors of forests, are gradually becoming threats to the forests and their wildlife~~. Governments should devise schemes to avert this harm and save the dwindling forest areas, their flora and fauna~~. Tribal people have ~~extraordinary~~ understanding of forest flora and fauna ~~which~~ can be productively utilized~~. All the tribal people should be employed by the government in the expansion and protection of the forests and its wildlife until~~ their ~~descendants become better educated and diversify into industrial and service sectors~~.<ref>{{cite web\|url= https://www.scribd.com/doc/58789333/Geographical-Area-and-Its-Effective-Utilization\|title= Geographical area and its effective utilization\|access-date=27 March 2013}}</ref>		Due to faster population growth in forest and tribal areas, naturally available forest resources ([[NTFP]]) are becoming inadequate to provide a basic livelihood to the increased population. Many tribal people are giving up their traditional livelihoods in favor of farming and cattle ranching in the forest areas. Once former protectors of forests, they are gradually becoming threats to the forests and their wildlife. Tribal people have deep understanding of forest flora and fauna that can be productively utilized if they can support their families while doing so.<ref>{{cite web\|url= https://www.scribd.com/doc/58789333/Geographical-Area-and-Its-Effective-Utilization\|title= Geographical area and its effective utilization\|access-date=27 March 2013}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
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	*[[Adivasi]]		*[[Adivasi]]
	*[[List of Reserve Forests of India]]		*[[List of Reserve Forests of India]]
			*[[List of Protected areas in India]]
	*[[Protected areas of India]]		*[[Protected areas of India]]
	*[[Nelapattu]]		*[[Nelapattu]]
	*[[Van Vigyan Kendra\|Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK)]] Forest Science ~~Centres~~		*[[Van Vigyan Kendra\|Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK)]] Forest Science Centers

	==References==		==References==

imported>Ira Leviton: Fixed a typo found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.

2021-07-18T20:18:21Z

Fixed a typo found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.

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{{Wildlife of India}}
A '''reserved forest''' (also called '''reserve forest''') and '''protected forest''' in [[India]] are terms denoting [[forest]]s accorded a certain degree of protection. The term was first introduced in the [[Indian Forest Act, 1927]] in [[British Raj]], to refer to certain forests granted protection under the [[British crown]] in British India, but not associated [[suzerain]]ties. After [[Partition of India|Indian independence]], the [[Government of India]] retained the status of the existing reserved and protected forests, as well as incorporating new reserved and protected forests. Many forests which came under the jurisdiction of the Government of India during the [[political integration of India]] were initially granted such protection. The first Reserve Forest Of India was Satpura National Park.

==Reserved Forests==
Land rights to forests declared to be Reserved forests or Protected forests are typically acquired (if not already owned) and owned by the Government of India. Unlike [[national parks of India]] or [[wildlife sanctuaries of India]], reserved forests and protected forests are declared by the respective [[Government of India#State and local governments|state governments]]. At present, reserved forests and protected forests differ in one important way:
Rights to all activities like hunting, grazing, etc. in ''reserved forests'' are banned unless specific orders are issued otherwise. In ''protected areas'', rights to activities like hunting and grazing are sometimes given to communities living on the fringes of the forest, who sustain their livelihood partially or wholly from forest resources or products.

==Protected Forests==
Protected forests are of two kinds - '''demarcated protected forests''' and '''undemarcated protected forests''', based on whether the limits of the forest have been specified by a formal notification.

Typically, protected forests are often upgraded to the status of wildlife sanctuaries, which in turn may be upgraded to the status of national parks, with each category receiving a higher degree of protection and government funding. For example, [[Sariska National Park]] was declared a reserved forest in 1955, upgraded to the status of a wildlife sanctuary in 1958, becoming a [[Tiger Reserve]] in 1978. Sariska became a national park in 1992, though primary notification to declare it as a national park was issued as early as 1982.<ref>[http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/projecttiger/sariska.doc Sariska information sheet], [[Sanctuary Asia]] website</ref>

For the entire list, see [[List of Protected areas in India]].

Protected forest is an area or mass of land notified under the provisions of Indian forest act or the state forests act having limited degree of protection. In protected forests, all activities are permitted unless it is prohibited. Protected forest is an area or mass of land which is a reserved forests, and over which the government has property rights, declared to be so by a state government under the provisions of section 29 of the Indian forest act 1927.

== Effect of Tribal Population Growth on Forest Flora and Fauna ==
Due to faster population growth in forest and tribal areas, naturally available forest resources ([[NTFP]]) are becoming inadequate for their basic livelihood. Many tribal people are giving up their traditional livelihoods and taking up farming and cattle ranching in the forest areas causing irreparable damage. Such people, formerly the protectors of forests, are gradually becoming threats to the forests and their wildlife. Governments should devise schemes to avert this harm and save the dwindling forest areas, their flora and fauna. Tribal people have extraordinary understanding of forest flora and fauna which can be productively utilized. All the tribal people should be employed by the government in the expansion and protection of the forests and its wildlife until their descendants become better educated and diversify into industrial and service sectors.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.scribd.com/doc/58789333/Geographical-Area-and-Its-Effective-Utilization|title= Geographical area and its effective utilization|access-date=27 March 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Communal forests of India]]
*[[Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education]]
*[[Forestry in India]]
*[[Adivasi]]
*[[List of Reserve Forests of India]]
*[[Protected areas of India]]
*[[Nelapattu]]
*[[Van Vigyan Kendra|Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK)]] Forest Science Centres

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
*[http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/legis.html “Legislations on Environment, Forests, and Wildlife” from the Official website of: Government of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests]
* [http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/legis.html#S “India’s Forest Conservation Legislation: Acts, Rules, Guidelines”, from the Official website of: Government of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests]
* [http://www.envfor.nic.in/legis/legis.html#R Wildlife Legislations, including - “The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act” from the Official website of: Government of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests]
*[http://www.envfor.nic.in/ Official website of: Government of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests]
*[http://www.envfor.nic.in/ Corresponding] [http://forest.ap.nic.in/Glossary.html glossary] entry for the terms on the Government of Andhra Pradesh's Department of Forest website

[[Category:Reserved forests of India| ]]