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	According to some witnesses, the military opened fire without provocation towards the end of morning prayers, immediately using live ammunition and shooting to kill.<ref name=NYT/> [[Gehad El-Haddad]], the [[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt\|Muslim Brotherhood]]'s spokesman, claimed that the military opened fire at the protesters while they were praying in front of the Republican Guard and staging a peaceful sit-in.<ref name=nbcnews42/> One witness claimed that protestors had their backs to the Republic Guard building, as they were praying towards Mecca.<ref name=live>{{cite news\|title=Egypt coup: July 8 as it happened\|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/10166063/Egypt-coup-July-8-as-it-happened.html\|newspaper=The Telegraph\|date=8 July 2013}}</ref> Others claimed that the incident was after prayers.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Cairo clashes: 'I saw both sides shooting at each other from my balcony'\|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/10167263/Cairo-clashes-I-saw-both-sides-shooting-at-each-other-from-my-balcony.html\|newspaper=The Telegraph\|date=8 July 2013}}</ref> Some protestors claimed that [[Law enforcement in Egypt\|police officer]] Mohamed el-Mesairy was sheltering in his parked car when he was killed by military gunfire striking the car.<ref name=NYT>''[[The New York Times]]'', 8 July 2013, [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/09/world/middleeast/egypt.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0&hp Army Kills 51, Deepening Crisis in Egypt]</ref>		According to some witnesses, the military opened fire without provocation towards the end of morning prayers, immediately using live ammunition and shooting to kill.<ref name=NYT/> [[Gehad El-Haddad]], the [[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt\|Muslim Brotherhood]]'s spokesman, claimed that the military opened fire at the protesters while they were praying in front of the Republican Guard and staging a peaceful sit-in.<ref name=nbcnews42/> One witness claimed that protestors had their backs to the Republic Guard building, as they were praying towards Mecca.<ref name=live>{{cite news\|title=Egypt coup: July 8 as it happened\|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/10166063/Egypt-coup-July-8-as-it-happened.html\|newspaper=The Telegraph\|date=8 July 2013}}</ref> Others claimed that the incident was after prayers.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Cairo clashes: 'I saw both sides shooting at each other from my balcony'\|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/10167263/Cairo-clashes-I-saw-both-sides-shooting-at-each-other-from-my-balcony.html\|newspaper=The Telegraph\|date=8 July 2013}}</ref> Some protestors claimed that [[Law enforcement in Egypt\|police officer]] Mohamed el-Mesairy was sheltering in his parked car when he was killed by military gunfire striking the car.<ref name=NYT>''[[The New York Times]]'', 8 July 2013, [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/09/world/middleeast/egypt.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0&hp Army Kills 51, Deepening Crisis in Egypt]</ref>

	According to the military, a "terrorist group" tried to storm the Republican Guard headquarters and that it had retaliated by opening fire at the attackers. A military spokesman reported that an officer was killed and six troops were injured before adding that 42 troops were injured and eight were in critical condition.<ref name=nbcnews42/> An amateur video recording showed people holding guns from the side of the protesters during daylight.<ref>{{cite news\|title="Video" masked gunmen between supporters of Morsi during clashes "Republican guard"\|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/1928316\|accessdate=8 July 2013\|newspaper=Al Masry Al Youm\|date=8 July 2013\|language=Arabic}}</ref~~><ref name=live/~~>		According to the military, a "terrorist group" tried to storm the Republican Guard headquarters and that it had retaliated by opening fire at the attackers. A military spokesman reported that an officer was killed and six troops were injured before adding that 42 troops were injured and eight were in critical condition.<ref name=nbcnews42/> An amateur video recording showed people holding guns from the side of the protesters during daylight.<ref name=live/><ref>{{cite news\|title="Video" masked gunmen between supporters of Morsi during clashes "Republican guard"\|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/1928316\|accessdate=8 July 2013\|newspaper=Al Masry Al Youm\|date=8 July 2013\|language=Arabic}}</ref>

	==Investigation==		==Investigation==

->Thepharoah17 at 20:44, 3 November 2021

2021-11-03T20:44:18Z

New page

{{Short description|Clashes between pro-Morsi protesters and the military}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| partof = the [[Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–14)]]
| image =
| caption =
| date = {{start date|2013|07|08|df=yes}}
| place = [[Republican Guard (Egypt)|Republican Guard Headquarters]] [[Heliopolis, Cairo]], [[Egypt]]
| coordinates = {{coord|30|04|51|N|31|19|00|E|region:EG_type:event_scale:50000|display=inline,title}}
| territory =
| result =
| status =
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = Pro-[[Mohamed Morsi|Morsi]] protesters<ref>{{cite news|title=Dozens Die in Clashes Outside Cairo's Republican Guard HQ|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/07/08/199929861/the-latest-news-from-egypt|accessdate=11 July 2013|newspaper=[[NPR]]|date=8 July 2013|author=David Greene|author2=Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson}}</ref> ''Supported by:'' [[File:Muslim Brotherhood Emblem.jpg|20px]] [[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt|Muslim Brotherhood]]<ref name=foxnews>{{cite news|title=At least 54 killed in clashes at Cairo Republican Guard headquarters|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/07/08/at-least-5-dead-in-new-egypt-clashes/|accessdate=11 July 2013|newspaper=[[Fox News]]|date=11 July 2013}}</ref>
| combatant2 = [[File:Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg|20px]] [[Egyptian Armed Forces]] [[File:Republican Guard Egypt.png|20px]] [[Republican Guard (Egypt)|Republican Guard]]
| commander1 = [[Mohammed Badie]] {{small|([[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt#General leaders|Supreme Guide]] of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]])}}
| commander2 = [[Abdul Fatah al-Sisi]] {{small|([[List of Ministers of Defence of Egypt|Commander-in-Chief & Defense Minister]])}}
| units1 =
| units2 = [[Republican Guard (Egypt)|Egyptian Republican Guard]] [[Egyptian Army]]
| strength1 = Unknown
| strength2 = Unknown
| casualties1 = 61 protesters killed<ref name=fma/>
| casualties2 = 3 military and security personnel killed<ref name=foxnews/>
| notes =
| campaignbox =
}}

On the morning of 8 July 2013 at the [[Republican Guard (Egypt)|Republican Guard]] headquarters in [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]] there was a clash between protesters seeking the return of deposed President [[Mohamed Morsi]], and the military, who were protecting the institution. According to the Forensic Medical Authority, at least 61 protesters seeking the return of Morsi to power were killed and more than 435 injured in the clashes, in what has been deemed a massacre by the [[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt|Muslim Brotherhood]] and those opposed to the recent [[2013 Egyptian coup d'état|coup d'état]].<ref name=fma>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/08/12/egypt-raba-killings-likely-crimes-against-humanity|title=Egypt: Rab’a Killings Likely Crimes against Humanity|date=12 August 2014|website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref><ref name=nbcnews42>{{cite news|url=http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/07/08/19347026-51-dead-435-hurt-in-clashes-near-pro-morsi-sit-in|title=51 dead, 435 hurt in clashes near pro-Morsi sit-in|date=8 July 2013|publisher=nbcnews}}</ref> Amnesty International has condemned the military's disproportionate use of force, with a spokesperson stating, "Even if some protesters used violence, the response was disproportionate and led to the loss of life and injury among peaceful protesters."<ref>{{cite web|title=Egypt: Damning evidence points to security forces' failures|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/egypt-damning-evidence-points-security-forces-failures-2013-07-09|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=10 July 2013}}</ref>

==Incident==
According to some witnesses, the military opened fire without provocation towards the end of morning prayers, immediately using live ammunition and shooting to kill.<ref name=NYT/> [[Gehad El-Haddad]], the [[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt|Muslim Brotherhood]]'s spokesman, claimed that the military opened fire at the protesters while they were praying in front of the Republican Guard and staging a peaceful sit-in.<ref name=nbcnews42/> One witness claimed that protestors had their backs to the Republic Guard building, as they were praying towards Mecca.<ref name=live>{{cite news|title=Egypt coup: July 8 as it happened|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/10166063/Egypt-coup-July-8-as-it-happened.html|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=8 July 2013}}</ref> Others claimed that the incident was after prayers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cairo clashes: 'I saw both sides shooting at each other from my balcony'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/10167263/Cairo-clashes-I-saw-both-sides-shooting-at-each-other-from-my-balcony.html|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=8 July 2013}}</ref> Some protestors claimed that [[Law enforcement in Egypt|police officer]] Mohamed el-Mesairy was sheltering in his parked car when he was killed by military gunfire striking the car.<ref name=NYT>''[[The New York Times]]'', 8 July 2013, [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/09/world/middleeast/egypt.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0&hp Army Kills 51, Deepening Crisis in Egypt]</ref>

According to the military, a "terrorist group" tried to storm the Republican Guard headquarters and that it had retaliated by opening fire at the attackers. A military spokesman reported that an officer was killed and six troops were injured before adding that 42 troops were injured and eight were in critical condition.<ref name=nbcnews42/> An amateur video recording showed people holding guns from the side of the protesters during daylight.<ref>{{cite news|title="Video" masked gunmen between supporters of Morsi during clashes "Republican guard"|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/1928316|accessdate=8 July 2013|newspaper=Al Masry Al Youm|date=8 July 2013|language=Arabic}}</ref><ref name=live/>

==Investigation==
Preliminary investigations claimed that the crime scene contained firearms, ammunition, [[Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)|Freedom and Justice Party]] membership cards, explosives that contained pieces of glass, smoke grenades and a document that contained a list of names with monetary values next to it.<ref>{{cite news|last=Qaraa|first=Ibrahim|title=Prosecution: A list of names with the sums of money received at the location of the "Clashes of the Republican Guard"|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/1928746|accessdate=8 July 2013|newspaper=Al Masry Al Youm|language=Arabic|date=8 July 2013}}</ref>

The army said it had arrested over 200 people, with "large quantities of firearms, ammunition and Molotov cocktails".<ref>[[The Guardian]], 8 July 2013, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/08/egypt-braced-violence-morsi-supporters Egypt braced for more violence after 'massacre' of Morsi supporters]</ref>

==Domestic response==
* The interim presidency ordered the formation of a judicial committee to investigate the killings at the "raid against the Republican Guard headquarters".<ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt presidency forms judicial committee to investiage Rep. Guard killings|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/76014.aspx|accessdate=8 July 2013|newspaper=Ahram Online|date=8 July 2013}}</ref>
* [[Prime Minister of Egypt|Prime Minister]] [[Hesham Qandil]] resigned from office effective immediately in protest of the bloodshed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.turkishweekly.net/2013/07/09/news/egypt-pm-qandil-addresses-resignation-to-morsi-slams-military-coup/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314230111/http://www.turkishweekly.net/2013/07/09/news/egypt-pm-qandil-addresses-resignation-to-morsi-slams-military-coup/ |archive-date=14 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The [[National Salvation Front (Egypt)|National Salvation Front]] condemned "all acts of violence" and called for an investigation over the incident.<ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt's National Salvation Front condemns Rep. Guard HQ violence|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/76005/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-National-Salvation-Front-condemns-Rep-Guard.aspx|accessdate=8 July 2013|newspaper=Ahram Online|date=8 July 2013}}</ref>
* The [[Nour Party]] objected to the incident and stated that they would stop participating in the political transition.<ref name=nbcnews42/>
* The [[Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)|Freedom and Justice Party]] called for "the international community and international groups and all the free people of the world to intervene to stop further massacres [...] and prevent a new Syria in the Arab world."<ref>{{cite news|title=Muslim Brotherhood calls for Egypt uprising|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/07/20137872812532255.html|accessdate=8 July 2013|newspaper=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=8 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/1928331|title="Freedom and Justice" asks for international intervention "to avoid Egypt transformation to Syria"|language=Arabic|publisher=Al Masry Al youm|date=8 July 2013}}</ref>
* Former presidential candidate and [[Strong Egypt Party]] leader [[Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh]] called for interim President [[Adly Mansour]] to step down in response to the clashes.<ref>{{cite news|title=UPDATE 5: 42 die in clashes between Egypt army and pro-Morsi protesters|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/75982/Egypt/Politics-/UPDATE---die-in-clashes-between-Egypt-army-and-pro.aspx|accessdate=8 July 2013|newspaper=Ahram Online|date=8 July 2013}}</ref>

==International response==
* Germany – The Foreign Ministry said that it was "dismayed" over reports of the violence and called for a "speedy clarification" by an independent body into the incident.<ref>{{cite news|title=Governments condemn shootings in Egypt|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20130708/eu-egypt-reaction-glance/|accessdate=8 July 2013|newspaper=[[HuffPost]]|date=8 July 2013}}</ref>
* Iran – The Foreign Ministry published a statement about recent conflicts in Egypt: "Expressing concern about Egypt's internal conflicts, we stressed the need for strict adherence to the democratic process in this country."<ref>[http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13920416001353 Iran's reaction to the Egypt's clashes]</ref>
* Palestine [[Hamas]]{{who|date=July 2013}} expressed "extreme pain and grief for the falling of these victims".<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=World governments condemn shootings in Egypt|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/76020/Egypt/Politics-/World-governments-condemn-shootings-in-Egypt.aspx|accessdate=8 July 2013|newspaper=Ahram Online|date=8 July 2013}}</ref>
* Qatar – Qatar{{who|date=July 2013}} expressed "great concern" over the incident.<ref name=":0"/>
* Turkey – Foreign Minister [[Ahmet Davutoğlu]] wrote on ''Twitter'': "I strongly condemn the massacre that took place at morning prayers in the name of basic human values."<ref name=":0"/>
* United Kingdom – Foreign Secretary [[William Hague]] said: "There is an urgent need for calm and restraint".<ref name=":0"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/jul/18/cairo-republican-guard-shooting-full-story Killing in Cairo: the full story of the Republican Guards' club shootings], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 18 July 2013
{{Egyptian Revolution of 2011|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:2013 Egyptian coup d'état]]
[[Category:2013 in Egypt]]
[[Category:2013 protests]]
[[Category:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)]]
[[Category:Protest-related deaths]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Egypt]]

Republican Guard headquarters clashes - Revision history

CleanupBot: /* Incident */clean up

->Thepharoah17 at 20:44, 3 November 2021