Republic Day (India) - Revision history

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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|India}}~~
	* [[History of India]]		* [[History of India]]
	* [[Constitution Day (India)]]		* [[Constitution Day (India)]]

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	\| image = [[File:Constitution of India.jpg\|200px]]		\| image = [[File:Constitution of India.jpg\|200px]]
	\| alt = Republic Day		\| alt = Republic Day
	\| caption = The original text of the [[Preamble to the Constitution of India]]. The [[Constitution of India]] came into force on {{start date\|1950\|01\|26\|df=y ~~+ 1~~}}.		\| caption = The original text of the [[Preamble to the Constitution of India]]. The [[Constitution of India]] came into force on {{start date\|1950\|01\|26\|df=y}}.
	\| longtype = [[Public holidays in India\|Public]]		\| longtype = [[Public holidays in India\|Public]]
	\| month = January		\| month = January
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	== External links ==		== External links ==
	* ~~{{Commons category-inline\|Republic Day (India)}}~~		*

	{{-}}		{{-}}

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	[[Category:Public holidays in India]]		[[Category:Public holidays in India]]
	[[Category:Observances in India]]		[[Category:Observances in India]]
	[[Category:National symbols of India]]		[[Category:National symbols of India\| ]]

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	[[Category:Public holidays in India]]		[[Category:Public holidays in India]]
	[[Category:Observances in India]]		[[Category:Observances in India]]
			[[Category:National symbols of India]]

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	{{short description\|~~Indian national~~ holiday}}		{{short description\|National holiday in India}}
			{{pp-protected\|small=yes}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2021}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2021}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2016}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2016}}
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	\|holiday_name = Republic Day		\|holiday_name = Republic Day
	\|type =[[National day]]		\|type =[[National day]]
	~~\|nickname =~~		\|observedby = [[India]]
	\|observedby = ~~{{flag\|~~India}}
	\|image = [[File:Constitution of India.jpg\|200px]]		\|image = [[File:Constitution of India.jpg\|200px]]
	\|alt = Republic Day		\|alt = Republic Day
	\|caption = The original text of the [[Preamble to the Constitution of India]]. The [[~~Indian constitution\|~~Constitution of India]] came into force on {{start date\|1950\|01\|26\|df=y}}.		\|caption = The original text of the [[Preamble to the Constitution of India]]. The [[Constitution of India]] came into force on {{start date\|1950\|01\|26\|df=y}}.
	\|longtype = ~~National~~		\|longtype = [[Public holidays in India\|Public]]
	\|month = January		\|month = January
	\|duration = 1 day		\|duration = 1 day
	\|frequency = Annual		\|frequency = Annual
			\|scheduling = Same day each year
	\|date = 26 January		\|date = 26 January
	\|significance = Inception of [[Constitution of India]]		\|significance = Inception of the [[Constitution of India]]
	\|celebrations = Parades, distribution of sweets in schools, speeches and cultural dances		\|celebrations = Parades, distribution of sweets in schools, speeches and cultural dances
	}}		}}
			'''Republic Day''' is a [[Public holidays in India\|public holiday in India]], when the country marks and celebrates the date on which the [[Constitution of India]] came into effect on 26 January 1950, replacing the [[Government of India Act 1935]] as the governing document of India and thus, turning the nation into a newly formed [[republic]].<ref name="law_min_intro">{{cite web\|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/introd.htm\|title=Introduction to Constitution of India\|access-date=14 October 2008\|publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice of India\|date=29 July 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022161409/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/introd.htm\|archive-date=22 October 2014}}</ref> The day also marks the transition of India from an autonomous [[Commonwealth realm]] with [[British Monarch]] as nominal head of the [[Indian Dominion]], to a fully sovereign [[republic in the Commonwealth of Nations]] with the [[President of India]] as the nominal head of the [[India\|Indian Union]].

	'''Republic Day''' is a national holiday in [[India]], when the country marks and celebrates the date on which the [[Indian constitution\|Constitution of India]] came into effect on 26, January 1950, replacing the [[Government of India Act 1935\|Government of India Act (1935)]] as the governing document of India and thus, turning the nation into a newly formed [[republic]].<ref name="law_min_intro">{{cite web\|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/introd.htm\|title=Introduction to Constitution of India\|access-date=14 October 2008\|publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice of India\|date=29 July 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022161409/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/introd.htm\|archive-date=22 October 2014}}</ref> The day also marks the transition of India from an autonomous [[Commonwealth realm]] with [[British Monarch]] as nominal head of the [[Indian Dominion]], to a fully sovereign [[republic in the Commonwealth of Nations]] with the [[President of India]] as the nominal head of the [[India\|Indian Union]].		The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system, completing the country's transition towards becoming an independent [[republic]]. 26 January was chosen as the date for Republic day because it was on this day in 1930 when the Declaration of Indian Independence ([[Purna Swaraj]]) was proclaimed by the [[Indian National Congress]] in lieu of the [[Commonwealth Realm\|Realm]] status as a [[Dominion]] later instated by the departing [[British raj\|British Regime]].

	The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system, completing the country's transition towards becoming an independent [[republic]]. 26 January was chosen as the date for Republic day because it was on this day in ~~1929~~ when the Declaration of Indian Independence ([[Purna Swaraj]]) was proclaimed by the [[Indian National Congress]] in lieu of the [[Commonwealth Realm\|Realm]] status as a [[Dominion]] later instated by the departing [[British raj\|British Regime]].

	==History of Republic Day==		==History of Republic Day==
	India achieved independence from [[British Raj]] on 15 August 1947 following the [[Indian independence movement]]. The independence came through the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]] (10 & 11 Geo 6 c 30), an [[Act of Parliament\|Act]] of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] that partitioned [[British India]] into the two new independent [[Dominion]]s of the [[Commonwealth of Nations\|British Commonwealth]] (later Commonwealth of Nations).<ref name="the act">{{cite web\|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/10-11/30\|title=Indian Independence Act 1947\|publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)\|The National Archives]], [[Her Majesty's Government (term)\|Her Majesty's Government]]\|access-date=17 July 2012}}</ref> India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a [[constitutional monarchy]] with [[George VI]] as head of state and [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma\|the Earl Mountbatten]] as [[Governor-General of India\|governor-general]]. The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead its laws were based on the modified colonial [[Government of India Act 1935]]. On 29 August 1947, a resolution was moved for the appointment of Drafting Committee, which was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr [[B R Ambedkar]] as chairman. While India's [[Independence Day (India)\|Independence Day]] celebrates its freedom from British Rule, the Republic Day celebrates the coming into force of its constitution.		India achieved independence from [[British Raj]] on 15 August 1947 following the [[Indian independence movement]]. The independence came through the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]] (10 & 11 Geo 6 c 30), an [[Act of Parliament\|Act]] of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] that partitioned [[British India]] into the two new independent [[Dominion]]s of the [[Commonwealth of Nations\|British Commonwealth]] (later Commonwealth of Nations).<ref name="the act">{{cite web\|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/10-11/30\|title=Indian Independence Act 1947\|publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)\|The National Archives]], [[Her Majesty's Government (term)\|Her Majesty's Government]]\|access-date=17 July 2012}}</ref> India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a [[constitutional monarchy]] with [[George VI]] as head of state and [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma\|the Earl Mountbatten]] as [[Governor-General of India\|governor-general]]. The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead its laws were based on the modified colonial [[Government of India Act 1935]]. On 29 August 1947, a resolution was moved for the appointment of Drafting Committee, which was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr [[B R Ambedkar]] as chairman. While India's [[Independence Day (India)\|Independence Day]] celebrates its freedom from British Rule, the Republic Day celebrates the coming into force of its constitution. A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Constituent Assembly on 4 November 1947.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/debates.htm\|title=Constituent Assembly Debates (Proceedings)\|access-date=25 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102902/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/debates.htm\|archive-date=29 September 2007\|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Assembly met for 166 days in public sessions spanning two years, 11 months, and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. The 308 members of the Assembly signed two handwritten copies of the document (one in Hindi and one in English) on 24 January 1950, after much deliberation and some changes.<ref>{{Cite news\|date=2019-01-24\|title=In pomp and splendour\|language=en-IN\|work=The Hindu\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/children/in-pomp-and-splendour/article26079712.ece\|access-date=2022-01-26\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Two days later which was on 26 January 1950, it came into effect throughout the whole nation. On that day, Dr. Rajendra Prasad's began his first term of office as President of the Indian Union. The Constituent Assembly became the Parliament of India under the transitional provisions of the new Constitution.<ref>{{Cite news\|title=Republic Day, January 26: History, Significance & Celebration \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/republic-day-january-26-history-significance-celebration/articleshow/73604790.cms\|access-date=24 January 2021\|work=The Times of India\|date=25 January 2020}}</ref> On the eve of Republic Day, the President addresses the nation.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Wangchuk\|first=Rinchen Norbu\|date=25 January 2021\|title=5 Pre-Republic Day Speeches by Presidents That Told Us How to Preserve the Republic\|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/247811/republic-day-president-address-to-the-nation-speech-constitution-ram-nath-kovind-abdul-kalam-india-nor41/\|access-date=26 January 2021\|website=The Better India\|language=en-US}}</ref>
	A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Constituent Assembly on 4 November 1947.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/debates.htm\|title=Constituent Assembly Debates (Proceedings)\|access-date=25 January 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102902/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/debates.htm\|archive-date=29 September 2007\|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Assembly met~~, in sessions open to public,~~ for 166 days~~, spread over a period of~~ two years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. ~~After many deliberations and some modifications, the~~ 308 members of the Assembly signed two ~~hand-written~~ copies of the document (one ~~each~~ in Hindi and English) on 24 January 1950. Two days later which was on 26 January 1950, it came into effect throughout the whole nation. On that day, Dr. Rajendra Prasad's began his first term of office as President of the Indian Union. The Constituent Assembly became the Parliament of India under the transitional provisions of the new Constitution.<ref>{{Cite news\|title=Republic Day, January 26: History, Significance & Celebration \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/republic-day-january-26-history-significance-celebration/articleshow/73604790.cms\|access-date=24 January 2021\|work=The Times of India\|date=25 January 2020}}</ref>

	On the eve of Republic Day, the President addresses the nation.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Wangchuk\|first=Rinchen Norbu\|date=25 January 2021\|title=5 Pre-Republic Day Speeches by Presidents That Told Us How to Preserve the Republic\|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/247811/republic-day-president-address-to-the-nation-speech-constitution-ram-nath-kovind-abdul-kalam-india-nor41/\|access-date=26 January 2021\|website=The Better India\|language=en-US}}</ref>

	==Celebrations==		==Celebrations==
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	{{Main\|Delhi Republic Day parade}}		{{Main\|Delhi Republic Day parade}}

	The [[Delhi Republic Day parade]] is held in the capital, New Delhi and is organised by the [[Ministry of Defence (India)\|Ministry of Defence]]. Commencing from the gates of the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] (the President's residence), [[Raisina Hill]] on Rajpath past the [[India Gate]], this event is the main attraction of India's Republic Day Celebrations and lasts for three days. The parade showcases India's Defence Capability, Cultural and Social Heritage.<ref>{{cite news\|agency=Eastern Fare \|url=http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html \|title=India Celebrates 63rd Republic Day \|publisher=Efi-news.com \|date=26 January 2012 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515083307/http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html \|archive-date=15 May 2012 }}</ref>		The [[Delhi Republic Day parade]] is held in the capital, New Delhi and is organised by the [[Ministry of Defence (India)\|Ministry of Defence]]. Commencing from the gates of the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] (the President's residence), [[Raisina Hill]] on Rajpath past the [[India Gate]], this event is the main attraction of India's Republic Day Celebrations and lasts for three days. The parade showcases India's Defence Capability, Cultural and Social Heritage.<ref>{{cite news\|agency=Eastern Fare \|url=http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html \|title=India Celebrates 63rd Republic Day \|publisher=Efi-news.com \|date=26 January 2012 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515083307/http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html \|archive-date=15 May 2012 }}</ref> Nine to twelve different regiments of the Indian Army in addition to the Navy, and Air Force with their bands march past in all their finery and official decorations. The [[President of India]] who is the [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[Indian Armed Forces]], takes the salute. Twelve contingents of various para-military forces of India and police forces also take part in this parade.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb15-04/html/ch1.htm \|title=Chap \|publisher=Mod.nic.in \|access-date=22 July 2012 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307214958/http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb15-04/html/ch1.htm \|archive-date=7 March 2011 }}</ref>

	Nine to twelve different regiments of the Indian Army in addition to the Navy, and Air Force with their bands march past in all their finery and official decorations. The [[President of India]] who is the [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[Indian Armed Forces]], takes the salute. Twelve contingents of various para-military forces of India and police forces also take part in this parade.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb15-04/html/ch1.htm \|title=Chap \|publisher=Mod.nic.in \|access-date=22 July 2012 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307214958/http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb15-04/html/ch1.htm \|archive-date=7 March 2011 }}</ref>

	===Beating Retreat===		===Beating Retreat===
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	===Award distribution===		===Award distribution===
	On the eve of Republic Day, the President of India distributes [[Padma Awards]] to the civilians of India every year. These are the second highest civilian awards in India after Bharat Ratna. These awards are given in three categories, viz. Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri, in decreasing order of importance.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Republic Day Celebration 2021 - Awards Recipients - Know India: National Portal of India\|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/republic-day-celebration/awards-recipients.php\|access-date=24 January 2021\|website=knowindia.gov.in}}</ref>		On the eve of Republic Day, the President of India distributes [[Padma Awards]] to the civilians of India every year. These are the second highest civilian awards in India after Bharat Ratna. These awards are given in three categories, viz. Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri, in decreasing order of importance.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Republic Day Celebration 2021 - Awards Recipients - Know India: National Portal of India\|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/republic-day-celebration/awards-recipients.php\|access-date=24 January 2021\|website=knowindia.gov.in}}</ref>
	* [[Padma Vibhushan]] for "exceptional and distinguished service". Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian award in India.		* [[Padma Vibhushan]] for "exceptional and distinguished service". Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian award in India.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=ABOUT PADMA AWARDS\|url=https://padmaawards.gov.in/AboutAwards.aspx}}</ref>
	* [[Padma Bhushan]] for "distinguished service of a high order". Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award in India .		* [[Padma Bhushan]] for "distinguished service of a high order". Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award in India .
	* [[Padma Shri]] for "distinguished service". Padma Shri is the fourth-highest civilian award in India.		* [[Padma Shri]] for "distinguished service". Padma Shri is the fourth-highest civilian award in India.
	While being national honours, the Padma awards do not include cash allowances, benefits, or special concessions in rail/air travel.<ref>"Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1219: Padma Awards (2015)"</ref> Per a December 1995 judgment of the [[Supreme Court of India]], no titles or honorifics are associated with the Bharat Ratna or any of the Padma awards; Honorees cannot use them or their initials as suffixes, prefixes or pre- and post-nominals attached to the awardee's name. This includes any such use on letterheads, invitation cards, posters, books etc. In the case of any misuse, the awardee will forfeit the award, and he or she will be cautioned against any such misuse upon receiving the honour.<ref>"Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 2536: Use of Title of Awards (2016)"</ref>		While being national honours, the Padma awards do not include cash allowances, benefits, or special concessions in rail/air travel.<ref>"Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1219: Padma Awards (2015)"</ref> Per a December 1995 judgment of the [[Supreme Court of India]], no titles or honorifics are associated with the Bharat Ratna or any of the Padma awards; Honorees cannot use them or their initials as suffixes, prefixes or pre- and post-nominals attached to the awardee's name. This includes any such use on letterheads, invitation cards, posters, books etc. In the case of any misuse, the awardee will forfeit the award, and he or she will be cautioned against any such misuse upon receiving the honour.<ref>"Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 2536: Use of Title of Awards (2016)"</ref>

	The decoration comprises a sanad (Certificate) issued under the hand and seal of the President and a Medallion.		The decoration comprises a sanad (Certificate) issued under the hand and seal of the President and a Medallion. The recipients are also given a replica of the medallion, which they can wear during any ceremonial/State functions etc., if they desire. A commemorative brochure giving out brief details in respect of each award winner is also released on the day of the investiture ceremony.<ref>{{Cite news\|date=25 January 2020\|title=Govt announces names of 118 Padma Shri awardees on Republic Day eve {{!}} See full list\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/govt-announces-names-of-padma-shri-awardees-on-eve-of-republic-day-1640142-2020-01-25\|access-date=24 January 2021\|work=India Today\|language=en}}</ref>

	The recipients are also given a replica of the medallion, which they can wear during any ceremonial/State functions etc., if they desire. A commemorative brochure giving out brief details in respect of each award winner is also released on the day of the investiture ceremony.<ref>{{Cite news\|date=25 January 2020\|title=Govt announces names of 118 Padma Shri awardees on Republic Day eve {{!}} See full list\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/govt-announces-names-of-padma-shri-awardees-on-eve-of-republic-day-1640142-2020-01-25\|access-date=24 January 2021\|work=India Today\|language=en}}</ref>

	==Gallery==		==Gallery==

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	'''Republic Day''' is a national holiday in [[India]], when the country marks and celebrates the date on which the [[Indian constitution\|Constitution of India]] came into effect on 26, January 1950, replacing the [[Government of India Act 1935\|Government of India Act (1935)]] as the governing document of India and thus, turning the nation into a newly formed [[republic]].<ref name="law_min_intro">{{cite web\|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/introd.htm\|title=Introduction to Constitution of India\|access-date=14 October 2008\|publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice of India\|date=29 July 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022161409/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/introd.htm\|archive-date=22 October 2014}}</ref> The day also marks the transition of India from an autonomous [[Commonwealth realm]] with [[British Monarch]] as nominal head of the [[Indian Dominion]], to a fully sovereign [[Commonwealth ~~republic~~]] with the [[President of India]] as the nominal head of the [[India\|Indian Union]].		'''Republic Day''' is a national holiday in [[India]], when the country marks and celebrates the date on which the [[Indian constitution\|Constitution of India]] came into effect on 26, January 1950, replacing the [[Government of India Act 1935\|Government of India Act (1935)]] as the governing document of India and thus, turning the nation into a newly formed [[republic]].<ref name="law_min_intro">{{cite web\|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/introd.htm\|title=Introduction to Constitution of India\|access-date=14 October 2008\|publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice of India\|date=29 July 2008\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022161409/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/introd.htm\|archive-date=22 October 2014}}</ref> The day also marks the transition of India from an autonomous [[Commonwealth realm]] with [[British Monarch]] as nominal head of the [[Indian Dominion]], to a fully sovereign [[republic in the Commonwealth of Nations]] with the [[President of India]] as the nominal head of the [[India\|Indian Union]].

	The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system, completing the country's transition towards becoming an independent [[republic]]. 26 January was chosen as the date for Republic day because it was on this day in 1929 when the Declaration of Indian Independence ([[Purna Swaraj]]) was proclaimed by the [[Indian National Congress]] in lieu of the [[Commonwealth Realm\|Realm]] status as a [[Dominion]] later instated by the departing [[British raj\|British Regime]].		The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system, completing the country's transition towards becoming an independent [[republic]]. 26 January was chosen as the date for Republic day because it was on this day in 1929 when the Declaration of Indian Independence ([[Purna Swaraj]]) was proclaimed by the [[Indian National Congress]] in lieu of the [[Commonwealth Realm\|Realm]] status as a [[Dominion]] later instated by the departing [[British raj\|British Regime]].

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{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{short description|Indian national holiday}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = Republic Day
|type =[[National day]]
|nickname =
|observedby = {{flag|India}}
|image = [[File:Constitution of India.jpg|200px]]
|alt = Republic Day
|caption = The original text of the [[Preamble to the Constitution of India]]. The [[Indian constitution|Constitution of India]] came into force on {{start date|1950|01|26|df=y}}.
|longtype = National
|month = January
|duration = 1 day
|frequency = Annual
|date = 26 January
|significance = Inception of [[Constitution of India]]
|celebrations = Parades, distribution of sweets in schools, speeches and cultural dances
}}

'''Republic Day''' is a national holiday in [[India]], when the country marks and celebrates the date on which the [[Indian constitution|Constitution of India]] came into effect on 26, January 1950, replacing the [[Government of India Act 1935|Government of India Act (1935)]] as the governing document of India and thus, turning the nation into a newly formed [[republic]].<ref name="law_min_intro">{{cite web|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/introd.htm|title=Introduction to Constitution of India|access-date=14 October 2008|publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice of India|date=29 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022161409/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/introd.htm|archive-date=22 October 2014}}</ref> The day also marks the transition of India from an autonomous [[Commonwealth realm]] with [[British Monarch]] as nominal head of the [[Indian Dominion]], to a fully sovereign [[Commonwealth republic]] with the [[President of India]] as the nominal head of the [[India|Indian Union]].

The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system, completing the country's transition towards becoming an independent [[republic]]. 26 January was chosen as the date for Republic day because it was on this day in 1929 when the Declaration of Indian Independence ([[Purna Swaraj]]) was proclaimed by the [[Indian National Congress]] in lieu of the [[Commonwealth Realm|Realm]] status as a [[Dominion]] later instated by the departing [[British raj|British Regime]].

==History of Republic Day==
India achieved independence from [[British Raj]] on 15 August 1947 following the [[Indian independence movement]]. The independence came through the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]] (10 & 11 Geo 6 c 30), an [[Act of Parliament|Act]] of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] that partitioned [[British India]] into the two new independent [[Dominion]]s of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|British Commonwealth]] (later Commonwealth of Nations).<ref name="the act">{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/10-11/30|title=Indian Independence Act 1947|publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]], [[Her Majesty's Government (term)|Her Majesty's Government]]|access-date=17 July 2012}}</ref> India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a [[constitutional monarchy]] with [[George VI]] as head of state and [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|the Earl Mountbatten]] as [[Governor-General of India|governor-general]]. The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead its laws were based on the modified colonial [[Government of India Act 1935]]. On 29 August 1947, a resolution was moved for the appointment of Drafting Committee, which was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr [[B R Ambedkar]] as chairman. While India's [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] celebrates its freedom from British Rule, the Republic Day celebrates the coming into force of its constitution.
A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Constituent Assembly on 4 November 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/debates.htm|title=Constituent Assembly Debates (Proceedings)|access-date=25 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102902/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/debates.htm|archive-date=29 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of two years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly signed two hand-written copies of the document (one each in Hindi and English) on 24 January 1950. Two days later which was on 26 January 1950, it came into effect throughout the whole nation. On that day, Dr. Rajendra Prasad's began his first term of office as President of the Indian Union. The Constituent Assembly became the Parliament of India under the transitional provisions of the new Constitution.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Republic Day, January 26: History, Significance & Celebration |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/republic-day-january-26-history-significance-celebration/articleshow/73604790.cms|access-date=24 January 2021|work=The Times of India|date=25 January 2020}}</ref>

On the eve of Republic Day, the President addresses the nation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wangchuk|first=Rinchen Norbu|date=25 January 2021|title=5 Pre-Republic Day Speeches by Presidents That Told Us How to Preserve the Republic|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/247811/republic-day-president-address-to-the-nation-speech-constitution-ram-nath-kovind-abdul-kalam-india-nor41/|access-date=26 January 2021|website=The Better India|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Celebrations==
[[File:Rajendra Prasad readies to take part in the first Republic Day parade.jpg|thumb|President [[Rajendra Prasad]] ''(in the horse-drawn carriage)'' readies to take part in the first Republic Day parade on [[Rajpath]], New Delhi, in 1950.]]
The main Republic Day celebration is held in the national capital, [[New Delhi]], at the [[Rajpath]] before the [[President of India]]. On this day, ceremonious parades take place at the Rajpath, which are performed as a tribute to India; its [[unity in diversity]] and rich cultural heritage.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 January 2020|title=Republic Day 2020: History, significance and interesting facts|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/republic-day-2020-history-significance-and-interesting-facts/story-31qEM6TExdf0ZEBf3EtsiO.html|access-date=24 January 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

===Delhi Republic Day parade===
{{Main|Delhi Republic Day parade}}

The [[Delhi Republic Day parade]] is held in the capital, New Delhi and is organised by the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]]. Commencing from the gates of the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] (the President's residence), [[Raisina Hill]] on Rajpath past the [[India Gate]], this event is the main attraction of India's Republic Day Celebrations and lasts for three days. The parade showcases India's Defence Capability, Cultural and Social Heritage.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Eastern Fare |url=http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html |title=India Celebrates 63rd Republic Day |publisher=Efi-news.com |date=26 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515083307/http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html |archive-date=15 May 2012 }}</ref>

Nine to twelve different regiments of the Indian Army in addition to the Navy, and Air Force with their bands march past in all their finery and official decorations. The [[President of India]] who is the [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[Indian Armed Forces]], takes the salute. Twelve contingents of various para-military forces of India and police forces also take part in this parade.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb15-04/html/ch1.htm |title=Chap |publisher=Mod.nic.in |access-date=22 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307214958/http://mod.nic.in/samachar/feb15-04/html/ch1.htm |archive-date=7 March 2011 }}</ref>

===Beating Retreat===
The [[Beating Retreat]] ceremony is held after officially denoting the end of Republic Day festivities. It is conducted on the evening of 29 January, the third day after the Republic Day. It is performed by the bands of the three wings of the military, the [[Indian Army]], [[Indian Navy]] and [[Indian Air Force]]. The venue is [[Raisina Hill]] and an adjacent square, [[Vijay Chowk]], flanked by the [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|North and South block]] of the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] (President's Palace) towards the end of [[Rajpath]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-watch-live-republic-day-beating-retreat-ceremony-2017-at-vijay-chowk-new-delhi-2298800 | title=Republic Day Beating Retreat Ceremony 2017 at Vijay Chowk, New Delhi | newspaper=DNA India | date=29 January 2017 | access-date=24 January 2018}}</ref>

The Chief Guest of the function is the [[President of India]] who arrives escorted by the [[President's Bodyguard]] (PBG), a cavalry unit. When the President arrives, the PBG commander asks the unit to give the National Salute, which is followed by the playing of the Indian National Anthem, [[Jana Gana Mana]], by the Army. The Army develops the ceremony of display by the massed bands in which Military Bands, Pipe and Drum Bands, Buglers and Trumpeters from various Army Regiments besides bands from the Navy and Air Force take part which play popular tunes like ''[[Abide With Me (hymn)|Abide With Me]]'', [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s favourite hymn, and ''[[Saare Jahan Se Achcha]]'' at the end.<ref name="pib">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=69432|title=Curtain Raiser – Beating Retreat Ceremony 2011|date=28 January 2011|publisher=Ministry of Defence}}</ref><ref name="tt">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Beating-Retreat-weaves-soul-stirring-musical-evening/articleshow/7386283.cms |title=Beating Retreat weaves soul-stirring musical evening |date=29 January 2011 |work=The Times of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201225802/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Beating-Retreat-weaves-soul-stirring-musical-evening/articleshow/7386283.cms |archive-date=1 February 2011 }}</ref><ref name="toi">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-30/delhi/28374820_1_republic-day-celebrations-bands-ceremony|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104134834/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-30/delhi/28374820_1_republic-day-celebrations-bands-ceremony|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Martial music rings down the curtain|date=30 January 2011}}</ref>

===Award distribution===
On the eve of Republic Day, the President of India distributes [[Padma Awards]] to the civilians of India every year. These are the second highest civilian awards in India after Bharat Ratna. These awards are given in three categories, viz. Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri, in decreasing order of importance.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Republic Day Celebration 2021 - Awards Recipients - Know India: National Portal of India|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/republic-day-celebration/awards-recipients.php|access-date=24 January 2021|website=knowindia.gov.in}}</ref>
* [[Padma Vibhushan]] for "exceptional and distinguished service". Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian award in India.
* [[Padma Bhushan]] for "distinguished service of a high order". Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award in India .
* [[Padma Shri]] for "distinguished service". Padma Shri is the fourth-highest civilian award in India.
While being national honours, the Padma awards do not include cash allowances, benefits, or special concessions in rail/air travel.<ref>"Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1219: Padma Awards (2015)"</ref> Per a December 1995 judgment of the [[Supreme Court of India]], no titles or honorifics are associated with the Bharat Ratna or any of the Padma awards; Honorees cannot use them or their initials as suffixes, prefixes or pre- and post-nominals attached to the awardee's name. This includes any such use on letterheads, invitation cards, posters, books etc. In the case of any misuse, the awardee will forfeit the award, and he or she will be cautioned against any such misuse upon receiving the honour.<ref>"Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 2536: Use of Title of Awards (2016)"</ref>

The decoration comprises a sanad (Certificate) issued under the hand and seal of the President and a Medallion.

The recipients are also given a replica of the medallion, which they can wear during any ceremonial/State functions etc., if they desire. A commemorative brochure giving out brief details in respect of each award winner is also released on the day of the investiture ceremony.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 January 2020|title=Govt announces names of 118 Padma Shri awardees on Republic Day eve {{!}} See full list|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/govt-announces-names-of-padma-shri-awardees-on-eve-of-republic-day-1640142-2020-01-25|access-date=24 January 2021|work=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:The Flag of India on Republic Day.jpg|The [[Flag of India]] on Republic Day
File:Rashtrapati Bhavan and adjacent buildings, illuminated for the Republic Day.jpg|Buildings on [[Raisina Hill]] including [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]], lit up during Republic Day 2008.
File:SKAT.jpg|[[Surya Kiran|Surya Kiran Aerobatics Team]] displaying tricolor.
File:BSF-Republic day.jpeg|[[Border Security Force]] personnel on Republic Day.
File:The National Security Guard (NSG) Marching Contingent passes through the Rajpath, on the occasion of the 68th Republic Day Parade 2017, in New Delhi on January 26, 2017.jpg|[[National Security Guard]] commandos marching in the 2017 Republic Day Parade.
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[History of India]]
* [[Constitution Day (India)]]
* [[List of chief guests at Delhi Republic Day parade]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Republic Day (India)}}

{{-}}
{{Indian days}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:January observances]]
[[Category:History of the Republic of India]]
[[Category:Republic days|India]]
[[Category:Public holidays in India]]
[[Category:Observances in India]]