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A '''republic''' is a form of [[government]] that has no [[monarchy]] and no hereditary [[aristocracy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ushistory.org/civ/6a.asp|title=The Roman Republic [ushistory.org]
|website=www.ushistory.org
|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref> It originates from Rome. In 509 BC, the Romans overthrew the [[Roman Kingdom]] and established a republic, a government in which citizens elected representatives to rule on their behalf.

National [[sovereignty]] lies in the authority of the government, not in an emperor or monarch. The word ''republic'' comes from the [[Latin]] words '''res publica''', meaning a "public thing". For example, the [[United States]] and [[India]] are republics. However, the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Canada]] are not republics since they have a monarch (Queen [[Elizabeth II]] in both cases).

Countries with a king or other [[monarch]] and free elections is called a [[constitutional monarchy]], not republics. A constitutional monarchy resembles a republic because the constitution has been amended to remove power from the monarch and install institutions conforming to a philosophy of republicanism. That includes the [[United Kingdom]] and the other [[Commonwealth realm]]s, the [[Netherlands]], [[Thailand]], and countries in [[Scandinavia]] and elsewhere. What makes a republic different is that its laws are made and enforced without royal authority.

The [[head of state]] in a republic is generally a person who has been chosen by the [[citizen]]s by [[direct election]] or by a group of elected representatives to act as the top representative of the people. In most republics, the head of state is called the [[president]]. In some countries, the president is elected and has a lot of political power. In others, the president does not hold much direct power but is important in the legal system for other reasons.

Sometimes, state is called a "republic" when its head is not called a "king". For example, the [[Roman Empire]] had an "emperor" and the [[Dutch Republic]] had a "stadholder", but they worked as [[hereditary monarchy|hereditary monarchs]].

[[Licchavi]], in [[India]], was the first republic in the 6th and 5th centuries BCE. The earliest republics that were much imitated later were [[Classical Greece|Greek]] cities, for example [[democracy in Athens]]. The biggest difference from the other [[polis|city-states]] was that people chose their leaders by [[voting]] or by [[lottery]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Forms of government]]

Republic - Revision history

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