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{{short description|Military leader and Prime Minister of Hyderabad State}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix ='''[[Raja|Raja Rai Rayan]]''' ''' Diyanatwanth''' '''Madar-ul-Maham''' (Chief of the Empire)
| honorific_suffix = Sham Raj [[Baghatur|Bahadur]]
| office =[[File:Asafia flag of Hyderabad State.png|33x30px]] [[Prime Minister of Hyderabad|Prime Minister of the Hyderabad]]
| image = Raja Sham Raj, Prime Minister of Hyderabad.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| alt = Renukadas Sham Raj I, mounted with a sword
| monarch = [[Sikandar Jah]]
| predecessor = [[Arastu Jah]]
| successor = [[Arastu Jah]]
| birth_name = Renuka Das Bhalerao
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1765|07|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State]] (present-day [[Telangana]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1822|05|28|1765|07|1|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State]] (present-day [[Telangana]], India)
| spouse =
| relations =
| children = {{unbulleted list | Kishen Rao|
Bhawani Shanker{{Sfn|Ekbote|1954|p=19}}}}
| father = Raja Dhondoji Pant
| mother =
| term_start = 1795
| term_end = 1797{{Sfn|Luther|2006|p=191}}
| caption =
| name =
| battles ='''[[Second Anglo-Mysore War]]''' '''[[Third Anglo-Mysore War]]''' [[Siege of Seringapatam (1792)|Siege of Seringapatam]] '''[[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]]'''

}}
'''Sham Raj I'''{{efn|group=note|Since his great grandson is also famous with the same name, Raja Sham Raj, in order to avoid confusion his name is written as "Sham Raj I"}} (1 June 1765 – 28 May 1822); born as '''Renuka Das Bhalerao''',<ref>{{cite book|title=Archival Organization and Records Management in the State of Andhra Pradesh, India: An archival analysis and description of the public documents in the Andhra Pradesh State Archives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LXtmAAAAMAAJ|page=33|author=Mallavarapu Venkata Siva Prasada Rau|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh by the Director of State Archives (Andhra Pradesh State Archives)|year=1980|quote=One of the sons and successors of Dhondaji Pant by name Renukadas, received the title of Rai Rayan in 1783, of Diyanatwanth in 1785, and a little later, of Raja Shamraj.}}</ref> was a [[general]], a statesman, and an Indian [[nobility|noble]] who served as [[Prime Minister of Hyderabad]].{{Sfn|Luther|2006|p=191}} He is also known as Raja Shan Rai Rayan Renuka Das.{{Sfn|Ekbote|1954|p=28}}

Born to a Hindu [[Brahmin]] family which traces its roots to Raja Krishnaji Pant, Sham Raj studied under the patronage of [[Nizam]]. He was a childhood friend of the Nizam and was a staunch Nizam loyalist throughout his life. In 1785 he was given the title of "Diyanatwanth" and [[Mansabdar|mansab]], 2,000 [[cavalry]], and jewelry.{{Sfn|Mudiraj|1934|p=218}} In 1786 he became the peshkar (deputy minister) of the state. Some years later, Nizam appointed him dewan (prime minister) of the state during the absence of [[Arastu Jah]] to [[Poona]].{{Sfn|Ekbote|1954|p=19}}

==Early life==
Sham Raj was born on 1 June 1765 as Renuka Das Bhalerao to Raja Dhondoji Pant (also known as Raja Dhundiraj Pant) in [[Hyderabad]]. Sham Raj was a direct descendant of Krishnaji Pant, a [[Vatandar]] of [[Devagiri]] and a close aide of [[Mughal emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Brief History of Andhra Pradesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IcwCAAAAMAAJ|page=57|publisher=State Archives, Government of Andhra Pradesh|year=1972|quote=A Maharashtrian family which was given the title of Rai Rayan appears to have been the first to receive the designation . The founder of the family was Krishnaji Pant , a Watandar of Devagiri ( Daulatabad ) , who was patronised by Shah Jehan.}}</ref> Sham Raj's grandfather, Rai Naro Pant, migrated from Delhi to Hyderabad with [[Asaf Jah I]]. Rai Naro Pant served as 2nd peshkar (deputy minister) of Hyderabad Deccan after his elder brother Rai Moro Pant's death in 1750, who was the first peshkar (deputy minister) of Nizam of Hyderabad Deccan during the reign of [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I]]. Sham Raj's father Raja Dhondoji Pant was the elder son of Rai Naro Pant and served as third peshkar (deputy minister) during the reign of [[Sikandar Jah]].{{Sfn|Mudiraj|1934|p=217}} They were [[Hindu]] by faith and belonged to the [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-speaking [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha Rigvedi Brahmin]] community.<ref>{{cite book|title=Proceedings of the ... Session, Volume 38|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nRIeAQAAIAAJ|page=109|publisher=Indian Historical Records Commission,The Comission|year=1967|quote=Krishnajipant (1608–1688), the known ancestor of the Rai Rayan family, was a Maharashtra Deshastha Brahmin. He was a native of the village of Lamgaon, Pargana Takli, Prant Devgad (Daulatabad), on the bank of the Girija river.}}</ref>{{Sfn|Leonard|1994|p=24}} His family is the founder of the Dafter-e-Diwani ([[Department of Finance]]) in Hyderabad Deccan during [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Nizam ul Mulk Asif Jah I]].{{Sfn|Dadabhoy|2019|p=65}} The later peshkar and member of [[His Exalted Highness|H. E. H.]] [[Nizam]]'s executive council, Raja [[Sham Raj II]] from 1933 to 1948, is his great-grandson. The family is famously known as Rai Rayan Family in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]].{{Sfn|Leonard|1994|p=24}} The Rai Rayan family held [[Mansabdar|zat mansabs]] of 5,000 to 7,000, with jagirs worth at least Rs.48,000 per year and also a [[Jagir|fauj jagir]] of worth Rs.4,78,552 during the reign of Sham Raj I.{{Sfn|Leonard|1994|p=34}}

Sham Raj learned [[martial arts]], studied the [[Sanskrit]] language (because of his Hindu faith), and learned accounting (because he had the hereditary charge of the royal treasury).{{Sfn|Mudiraj|1934|p=218}} According to author and former [[Hyderabad]] mayor [[Krishna Swamy Mudiraj|K.K. Mudiraj]], Sham Raj was given the hereditary rights of his father on 5 December 1783.{{Sfn|Mudiraj|1934|p=218}}

==Career==
[[File:Deori Raja Rai Rayan Shamraj Bahadur - Rai Rayan Palace.jpg|thumb|left|The Chandra Bhavan Palace (Rai Rayan devdi) in [[Hyderabad]] was built as the seat of the Rai Rayan rulers in 1757.]]

The Rai Rayan family are founders of Dafter-e-Diwani, a [[department of finance]] in the [[Hyderabad state]] They are hereditary dafterdars of half of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam state]], which are known as Western [[Subah]]s. After the death of Raja Dhundiraj Pant in Feubruary 1783, his [[defterdar]]ship of four hereditary western [[Subah|Subhas]] such [[the Carnatic]], [[Bidar]], [[Aurangabad]] and [[Khandesh]] were transferred to his elder son, Rai Omakant Rao. Rai Omakant Rao died in the same year as his father in August 1783.{{Sfn|Mudiraj|1934|p=217}}{{Sfn|Leonard|1994|p=24}} After the death of his elder brother Rai Omakant Rao, Renukadas alia Raja Sham Raj was given the hereditary rights of his father. According to author K. K. Mudiraj, Sham Raj was given the rights on 5 December 1783 with the title Raja Rayan.{{Sfn|Mudiraj|1934|p=218}} Author Mudiraj says, "In the 1784, along with four western [[subah]]s he was also given the maash and [[Vatandar|watan]] of Sirdeshpandgiri over all the suburbs of the Deccan and also [[Sardeshmukh|Sirdeshpandgiri]] in the [[pargana]]s of [[Medak]], [[Gulbarga]], [[Nanded]] and Sirdeshmukhi of Partabpur and many other [[jagir]]s".{{Sfn|Mudiraj|1934|p=219}} In 1786 he was appointed as the peshkar (deputy minister) of the state.{{Sfn|Ekbote|1954|p=19}}

Raja Sham Raj played a prominent role in the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]] and [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]] against [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]] of Mysore on the side of [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] and British. In 1791–92, Sham Raj also led the forces of [[Nizam Ali Khan]] to the [[Siege of Seringapatam (1792)|Siege of Seringapatam]].{{Sfn|Rau|1980|p=1}} Quoting on the influence of Raja Sham Raj in the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]], [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]] and the [[Treaty of Seringapatam]] , author M. V. Shiva Prasad Rao says, "Raja Shamraj played a prominent part on behalf of the Nizam of Hyderabad in the war against Tipu Sultan of Mysore , in 1781. In his correspondence there is a reference to the two sons of Tipu Sultan who were taken as hostages soon after the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War|Third Mysore War (1790-1792)]] to compel the ruler of Mysore to fulfil the obligations arising out of the [[Treaty of Seringapatam|Treaty of Seringapatnam (1792)]]".<ref>{{cite book|title=Archival Organization and Records Management in the State of Andhra Pradesh, India: An archival analysis and description of the public documents in the Andhra Pradesh State Archives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LXtmAAAAMAAJ|author=M. V. Shiva Prasad Rau|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh by the Director of State Archives (Andhra Pradesh State Archives)|year=1980|quote=Raja Shamraj played a prominent part on behalf of the Nizam of Hyderabad in the war against Tipu Sultan of Mysore , in 1781 . In his correspondence there is a reference to the two sons of Tipu Sultan who were taken as hostages soon after the Third Mysore War (1790-1792) to compel the ruler of Mysore to fulfil the obligations arising out of the Treaty of Seringapatnam (1792).|page=33}}</ref>

After the victory over the Tipu Sultan in 1792, Renukadas was again honoured with the title "Raja Sham Raj" with many additional honors for his contribution in the war.{{Sfn|Ekbote|1954|p=28}}

Later he was officiated as dewan (prime minister) during the absence at [[Poona]] of [[Arastu Jah]], which he held for two years from 1795 to 1797.{{Sfn|Luther|2006|p=191}}

==Titles==
The following are the titles received by Renukadas:<ref>{{cite book|title=Archival Organization and Records Management in the State of Andhra Pradesh, India: An archival analysis and description of the public documents in the Andhra Pradesh State Archives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LXtmAAAAMAAJ|page=33|author=Mallavarapu Venkata Siva Prasada Rau|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh by the Director of State Archives (Andhra Pradesh State Archives)|year=1980|quote=One of the sons and successors of Dhondaji Pant by name Renukadas , received the title of Rai Rayan in 1783 , of Diyanatwanth in 1785 , and a little later , of Raja Shamraj.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Chronology of Modern Hyderabad, 1720-1890|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7jnRAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Central Records Office Central Records Office Hyderabad Government|year=1954|first=Gopal Rao|last=Ekbote|page=28|quote=Rai Rayan, Raja, Bahadur, Renuka Das, the second son of Dhondaji Pandit was born in 1178 H. (1765). At the age of fifteen (1194H/1780) he received the title of Rai. In 1199H/1785 he became Rai Rayan and was appointed Peshkar.}}</ref>

*1765-1780 - [[Yuvraj|Rajkumar]] Renuka Das Dhundiraj Bhalerao
*1780-1783 - [[Rai (title)|Rai]] Renuka Das Dhundiraj Bhalerao
*1783-1785 - [[Rai (title)|Rai Rayan]] Renuka Das Dhundiraj Bhalerao
*1785-1786 - [[Rai (title)|Rai Rayan]] Diyanatwanth Renuka Das Dhundiraj Bhalerao
*1786-1795 - [[Raja]] [[Rai (title)|Rai Rayan]] Diyanatwanth Sham Raj Renuka Das Dhundiraj Bhalerao
*1795-1822 - Meherban Madar-ul-Maham [[Raja]] [[Rai (title)|Rai Rayan]] Diyanatwanth Sham Raj Renuka Das Dhundiraj Bhalerao [[Baghatur|Bahadur]]

==Religious and spiritual views==
Religion and spirituality were very important to Sham Raj throughout his life. In fact, he made his own spiritual journey by visiting various [[hindu]] pilgrimages throughout his life. Author K. K. Mudiraj says, "Raja Sham Raj was of a religious turn of mind and setting aside his honours
proceeded to [[Rameshwaram]] where he stayed for no less than six years.".{{Sfn|Mudiraj|1934|p=219}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{Citation|title=Pictorial Hyderabad , Vol . II|first=K . K .|last=Mudiraj|publisher=Chandrakant Press|year=1934}}
*{{Citation|title=The Chronology of Modern Hyderabad, 1720-1890|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7jnRAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Central Records Office Central Records Office Hyderabad Government|year=1954|first=Gopal Rao|last=Ekbote}}
*{{citation|title=Hyderabad: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6jluAAAAMAAJ|first=Narendra|last=Luther|publisher=Oxford University Press India|year=2006|isbn=978-0195684346}}
*{{Citation|title=Social History of an Indian Caste: The Kayasths of Hyderabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=32aMey7k-IYC|first=Karen Isaksen|last=Leonard|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=1994|isbn=978-8125000327}}
*{{Citation|title=The Magnificent Diwan: The Life and Times of Sir Salar Jung I|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EfzDDwAAQBAJ|first=Bakhtiar K|last=Dadabhoy|publisher=Penguin Random House|year=2019|isbn=978-9353056773}}
*{{cite book|title=Archival Organization and Records Management in the State of Andhra Pradesh, India: An archival analysis and description of the public documents in the Andhra Pradesh State Archives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LXtmAAAAMAAJ|first=M. V. Shiva Prasad|last=Rau|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh by the Director of State Archives (Andhra Pradesh State Archives)|year=1980}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book|title=Poona Akhbars , Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=480FH8JOWwIC|publisher=Cultural Books|year=1953}}
*{{cite book|title=Ak̲bārāt 1181-1213/1767-1799|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLs5AQAAIAAJ|author=Yusuf Husain Khan|publisher=Central Records Office Hyderabad Government|year=1955}}
*{{cite book|title=Calendar of Persian Correspondence: Being Letters, Referring Mainly to Affairs in Bengal, which Passed Between Some of the Company's Servants and Indian Rulers and Notables|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5iBuAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Imperial Record Department Superintendent government printing, India|year=1911}}
*{{cite book|title=British Relations with Hyderabad, 1798-1843|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTA-AAAAMAAJ|author=Nani Gopal Chaudhuri|publisher=University of Calcutta|year=1964}}
*{{cite book|title=New History of the Marathas, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zG1DAAAAYAAJ|author=Govind Sakharam Sardesai|publisher=Phoenix Publications|year=1957}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{Succession box |
before=[[Arastu Jah]]|
title=[[Prime Minister of Hyderabad]] |
years=1795–1797|
after=[[Arastu Jah]]
}}
{{Succession box |
before=Rai Omakant Rao Bahadur|
title=[[Raja]] of Rai Rayan estate |
years=1783–1822|
after=Rai Appa Rao Bahadur
}}
{{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Hyderabad state}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Renuka Das Bhalerao}}
[[Category:1765 births]]
[[Category:1822 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian generals]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:Indian politicians]]

Renuka Das Bhalerao - Revision history

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