Relationship of the Cholas with the Chinese - Revision history

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	The [[Cholas]] are one of the [[Three Crowned Kings\|three major]] Tamil kingdoms that ruled over the ancient [[Tamilakam]] region of India.		The [[Cholas]] are one of the [[Three Crowned Kings\|three major]] Tamil kingdoms that ruled over the ancient [[Tamilakam]] region of India.

	The first records of a relationship between the [[Chinese people\|Chinese]] and Cholas dates back to second century BC. As per [[Ban Gu]]'s work ''[[Book of Han]]'' (''Ch'ien Han Shu''), a Chinese ambassador was sent to the Chola Empire. He has also mentioned that he had seen many unprecedented objects which are unseen at China, at the city of ''kuvangtche''. Berend, an acoustics expert, annotates that the city named by Ban Gu is analogous with the acity of [[Kanchi]].~~<~~ref~~>~~{{citation\|title=Numismatics of Tamils\|work=Nadana kaasinaathan}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~ During the reign of the [[later Cholas]] such as [[Rajendra Chola I]] (1016–1033 CE) and [[Kulothunga Chola I]] (in 1077 CE), commercial and political diplomats were sent to China.~~<~~ref~~>~~{{cite book\|quote=The Chola monarchs sent embassies, partly diplomatic & commercial, to China which reached that country in 1016, 1033, 1077\|author=K.A. Nilakanta Shastri\|title=A history of South India}}~~<~~/ref~~><~~ref~~>~~{{cite book\|title=Indian History till 1200 AD\|publisher=[[Annamalai University]]\|chapter=Trade and Coinage\|page=425}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		The first records of a relationship between the [[Chinese people\|Chinese]] and Cholas dates back to second century BC. As per [[Ban Gu]]'s work ''[[Book of Han]]'' (''Ch'ien Han Shu''), a Chinese ambassador was sent to the Chola Empire. He has also mentioned that he had seen many unprecedented objects which are unseen at China, at the city of ''kuvangtche''. Berend, an acoustics expert, annotates that the city named by Ban Gu is analogous with the acity of [[Kanchi]].<ref>{{citation\|title=Numismatics of Tamils\|work=Nadana kaasinaathan}}</ref> During the reign of the [[later Cholas]] such as [[Rajendra Chola I]] (1016–1033 CE) and [[Kulothunga Chola I]] (in 1077 CE), commercial and political diplomats were sent to China.<ref>{{cite book\|quote=The Chola monarchs sent embassies, partly diplomatic & commercial, to China which reached that country in 1016, 1033, 1077\|author=K.A. Nilakanta Shastri\|title=A history of South India}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=Indian History till 1200 AD\|publisher=[[Annamalai University]]\|chapter=Trade and Coinage\|page=425}}</ref>

	Chinese coins have been found during excavations in parts of central Tamil Nadu such as Olayakkunnam and Thaalikkottai, which were part of the earlier Chola Empire.~~<~~ref~~>~~{{cite book\|title=Chinese Coins From Tanjore vol. I, Part I\|publisher=Sino-Indian Studies\|date=October 1944}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		Chinese coins have been found during excavations in parts of central Tamil Nadu such as Olayakkunnam and Thaalikkottai, which were part of the earlier Chola Empire.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Chinese Coins From Tanjore vol. I, Part I\|publisher=Sino-Indian Studies\|date=October 1944}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

GayeKirkpatrick: Page updated with additional details

2025-12-18T16:13:03Z

Page updated with additional details

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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}
	~~'''~~The ~~Cholas''', the~~ [[~~Tamil people\|Tamil~~]] ~~kings~~ of ~~the~~ [[Chola ~~dynasty~~]] ~~who had ruled most parts~~ of [[~~Southeast Asia~~]]~~, '''maintained a strong relationship with~~ the [[~~China\|Chinese~~]]~~'''~~.		{{refimprove\|date=December 2025}}
			[[File:Rajendra map new.svg\|thumb\|The [[Chola Empire]] during the reign of [[Rajendra Chola I]] in 1030 CE]]
			The [[Cholas]] are one of the [[Three Crowned Kings\|three major]] Tamil kingdoms that ruled over the ancient [[Tamilakam]] region of India.

	[[~~File:Rajendra map new~~.~~svg\|thumb\|The~~ Chola Empire at ~~its greatest extent~~, ~~during~~ the reign of Rajendra Chola I in ~~1030~~ CE\|~~330px~~]]		The first records of a relationship between the [[Chinese people\|Chinese]] and Cholas dates back to second century BC. As per [[Ban Gu]]'s work ''[[Book of Han]]'' (''Ch'ien Han Shu''), a Chinese ambassador was sent to the Chola Empire. He has also mentioned that he had seen many unprecedented objects which are unseen at China, at the city of ''kuvangtche''. Berend, an acoustics expert, annotates that the city named by Ban Gu is analogous with the acity of [[Kanchi]].<ref>{{citation\|title=Numismatics of Tamils\|work=Nadana kaasinaathan}}</ref> During the reign of the [[later Cholas]] such as [[Rajendra Chola I]] (1016–1033 CE) and [[Kulothunga Chola I]] (in 1077 CE), commercial and political diplomats were sent to China.<ref>{{cite book\|quote=The Chola monarchs sent embassies, partly diplomatic & commercial, to China which reached that country in 1016, 1033, 1077\|author=K.A. Nilakanta Shastri\|title=A history of South India}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=Indian History till 1200 AD\|publisher=[[Annamalai University]]\|chapter=Trade and Coinage\|page=425}}</ref>

	~~== Relationship~~ during ~~second century BC ==~~		Chinese coins have been found during excavations in parts of central Tamil Nadu such as Olayakkunnam and Thaalikkottai, which were part of the earlier Chola Empire.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Chinese Coins From Tanjore vol. I, Part I\|publisher=Sino-Indian Studies\|date=October 1944}}</ref>
	~~The relationship between the Chinese~~ and ~~Cholas dates back to second century BC. Ancient Chinese scholar [[Ban Gu]] had told that China had sent its ambassador to the court~~ of the ~~Cholas~~.<ref~~>"sino-indian cultural ties from time immemorial",~~
	~~baroda, jan 7. sardar K.M.panikkar was delivering the 1st of 3 lectures on 'india~~ & ~~china' @ maharaja sayaji rao university of baroda, News item in "the mail" dated 19-1-1956</ref>~~
	~~[[Ban Gu]] in his work the '''''[[Book of Han]]''''' (''Ch'ien Han Shu'') had written that he had seen many unprecedented objects which are unseen at [[China]], at the city of ''kuvangtche''~~. ~~Berend~~, an acoustics expert, annotates that the city named by Ban Gu is analogous with the ancient Chola city ''kanchi'' (the present day's city of [[Kancheepuram]] at [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]). This proves the relationship of Kanchi with China.<ref>Numismatics of Tamils by Nadana kaasinaathan - ~~Tamil version (தமிழர் காசியல், நடன காசிநாதன்)<~~/ref>

	== ~~Coins~~ ==		== See also ==
	~~Arrays of ancient Chinese coins have been found in recent years at the place which is considered to be the homeland of the Cholas (i.e. the present~~ [[~~Thanjavur]], [[Tiruvarur]] and [[Pudukkottai]] districts~~ of ~~Tamil Nadu, India), which confirms the trade and the commercial relationship which existed between the Cholas and~~ the ~~Chinese.<ref>Chinese Coins From Tanjore, Sino-Indian Studies, vol. I, Part I, Oct. 1944</ref>~~		* [[Relationship of the Tamils with the Chinese]]
	~~{\| class="wikitable"~~
	\|-
	~~! Place !! Number of coins !! Other details~~
	\|-
	~~\| '''Olayakkunnam''' \|\| 323 \|\| These coins belong to 142-126 BC. This village is situated in [[Pattukkottai taluk]] in Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu, India~~
	\|-
	~~\| '''Thaalikkottai''' \|\| 1822 \|\| This village is situated in [[Mannargudi taluk]] in Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu, India~~
	\|}

	~~== Relationship during eleventh century AD ==~~
	~~The later Cholas too continued to maintain a healthy relationship~~ with the Chinese~~. During the reign of [[Rajendra Chola I]~~] ~~(i.e. 1016–1033 AD) and [[Kulothunga Chola I~~]] (i.e. in 1077 AD), commercial and political diplomats were sent to China.<ref>"the chola monarchs sent embassies, partly diplomatic & commercial, to China which reached that country in 1016, 1033, 1077" - K.A.Nilakanta shastri, "A history of south india"</ref><ref>Indian History till 1200 AD - Annamalai University - Chapter-8 - section-24 - page-425 - Trade and Coinage - Tamil version (இந்திய வரலாறு கி.பி.1200 வரை - அண்ணாமலைப் பல்கலைக்கழகம் - அதிகாரம்-8 - பகுதி-24 - பக்கம்-425 - வாணிகமும் நாணயமுறையும்)</ref>

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

			{{Chola dynasty topics}}
	[[Category:Chola Empire]]		[[Category:Chola Empire]]
	[[Category:History of the foreign relations of India]]		[[Category:History of the foreign relations of India]]
			[[Category:China–India relations]]

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
'''The Cholas''', the [[Tamil people|Tamil]] kings of the [[Chola dynasty]] who had ruled most parts of [[Southeast Asia]], '''maintained a strong relationship with the [[China|Chinese]]'''.

[[File:Rajendra map new.svg|thumb|The Chola Empire at its greatest extent, during the reign of Rajendra Chola I in 1030 CE|330px]]

== Relationship during second century BC ==
The relationship between the Chinese and Cholas dates back to second century BC. Ancient Chinese scholar [[Ban Gu]] had told that China had sent its ambassador to the court of the Cholas.<ref>"sino-indian cultural ties from time immemorial",
baroda, jan 7. sardar K.M.panikkar was delivering the 1st of 3 lectures on 'india & china' @ maharaja sayaji rao university of baroda, News item in "the mail" dated 19-1-1956</ref>
[[Ban Gu]] in his work the '''''[[Book of Han]]''''' (''Ch'ien Han Shu'') had written that he had seen many unprecedented objects which are unseen at [[China]], at the city of ''kuvangtche''. Berend, an acoustics expert, annotates that the city named by Ban Gu is analogous with the ancient Chola city ''kanchi'' (the present day's city of [[Kancheepuram]] at [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]). This proves the relationship of Kanchi with China.<ref>Numismatics of Tamils by Nadana kaasinaathan - Tamil version (தமிழர் காசியல், நடன காசிநாதன்)</ref>

== Coins ==
Arrays of ancient Chinese coins have been found in recent years at the place which is considered to be the homeland of the Cholas (i.e. the present [[Thanjavur]], [[Tiruvarur]] and [[Pudukkottai]] districts of Tamil Nadu, India), which confirms the trade and the commercial relationship which existed between the Cholas and the Chinese.<ref>Chinese Coins From Tanjore, Sino-Indian Studies, vol. I, Part I, Oct. 1944</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Place !! Number of coins !! Other details
|-
| '''Olayakkunnam''' || 323 || These coins belong to 142-126 BC. This village is situated in [[Pattukkottai taluk]] in Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu, India
|-
| '''Thaalikkottai''' || 1822 || This village is situated in [[Mannargudi taluk]] in Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu, India
|}

== Relationship during eleventh century AD ==
The later Cholas too continued to maintain a healthy relationship with the Chinese. During the reign of [[Rajendra Chola I]] (i.e. 1016–1033 AD) and [[Kulothunga Chola I]] (i.e. in 1077 AD), commercial and political diplomats were sent to China.<ref>"the chola monarchs sent embassies, partly diplomatic & commercial, to China which reached that country in 1016, 1033, 1077" - K.A.Nilakanta shastri, "A history of south india"</ref><ref>Indian History till 1200 AD - Annamalai University - Chapter-8 - section-24 - page-425 - Trade and Coinage - Tamil version (இந்திய வரலாறு கி.பி.1200 வரை - அண்ணாமலைப் பல்கலைக்கழகம் - அதிகாரம்-8 - பகுதி-24 - பக்கம்-425 - வாணிகமும் நாணயமுறையும்)</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Chola Empire]]
[[Category:History of the foreign relations of India]]