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{{short description|1969 novel by Paul Harris Daniel}}<br />
'''''Red Tea''''' is an English [[historical fiction|historical novel]] written by Paul Harris Daniel. It was published in [[Madras]] by [[Higginbotham's]] in 1969.<ref name="An Annotated Bibliography of Indian English Fiction">{{cite book|title=An Annotated Bibliography of Indian English Fiction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wjr5pOPAFTUC&pg=PA453|accessdate=31 March 2013|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-998-4|pages=453–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/red-tea/oclc/82935&referer=brief_results|title=Catalogue record for Red Tea|publisher=WorldCat|accessdate=31 March 2013}}</ref> It is based on the experiences of tea plantation workers in the [[Madras Presidency]] during the [[British Raj]].<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/tonight/movies/bala-a-master-at-crafting-the-story-of-slavery-1.1491019 Bala a master at crafting the story of slavery]</ref><br />
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==Background==<br />
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Daniel was a medical doctor and had worked in a series of [[Assam|Assamese]] tea plantations as chief medical officer from 1941–1965. He also acted as a [[Union organizer|union organiser]]. During that time, he had interviewed workers, obtaining signed statements, developing material from which he used to write the novel. Though a work of fiction detailing the lives of Karuppan and Valli, ''Red Tea'' was written with an "explicit documentary purpose". It details how the Madras Planters Act of 1903 led to the poor conditions of plantation workers. Debt bondage of the workers, their poor working conditions, their inability to escape their life are all captured in the novel.<ref name="George1994">{{cite book|author=C. J. George|title=Mulk Raj Anand, His Art and Concerns: (a Study of His Non-autobiographical Novels)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7LSHdlvRtcC&pg=PA71|accessdate=6 April 2013|year=1994|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-445-3|pages=71–}}</ref><ref name="Philip2004">{{cite book|author=Kavita Philip|title=Civilising Natures: Race, Resources and Modernity in Colonial South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CevmNs63nM0C&pg=PA109|accessdate=6 April 2013|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Orient BlackSwan|isbn=978-81-250-2586-3|pages=109–}}</ref><br />
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==Translation and adaptation==<br />
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It was translated into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Eriyum Panikaadu'' by Ira. Murugavel.<ref name="டேனியல்முருகவேள்2007">{{cite book|author1=பி. எச் டேனியல்|author2=இரா முருகவேள்|title=எரியும் பனிக்காடு|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VXuPYgEACAAJ|accessdate=31 March 2013|year=2007|publisher=விடியல் பதிப்பகம்}}</ref>{{clarify|text=Name of translator seen as Era, Ira, or Ra|date=May 2019}}<br />
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The 2013 Tamil film ''[[Paradesi (2013 film)|Paradesi]]'' was adapted from the novel.<ref>{{cite news|title=Film {{!}} Bleak house|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/vgzhqaUsAy15m0jEccad1M/Film--Bleak-house.html|accessdate=14 February 2013|newspaper=HT Mint|date=14 February 2013}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
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[[Category:Indian English-language novels]]<br />
[[Category:1969 novels]]<br />
[[Category:1969 Indian novels]]<br />
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