DinahFlo5043561 at 20:45, 5 May 2026

2026-05-05T20:45:11Z

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[[Kerala]] does not recognise [[same-sex marriage]]s or [[civil union]]s. However, [[Cohabitation|live-in relationships]] are not unlawful in Kerala. The [[Supreme Court of India|Indian Supreme Court]] has held that adults have a constitutional right to live together without being married, and that police cannot interfere with consenting adults living together. The [[Kerala High Court]] has upheld this constitutional right in multiple ''[[habeas corpus]]'' petitions, notably ''[[Sreeja S v. Commissioner of Police]]'' in 2018 and ''[[Devu G v. State Of Kerala]]'' in 2023. In January 2020, a same-sex couple filed a writ petition with the High Court to legalise same-sex marriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/india/lawyer-couple-who-fought-against-section-377-now-want-to-start-a-new-fight-to-legalise-gay-weddings1-as-252493.html|title=സ്വവര്‍ഗ വിവാഹം നിയമവിധേയമാക്കണം; സെക്ഷൻ 377നെതിരെ പോരാടി വിജയിച്ച പങ്കാളികൾ പുതിയ നിയമ യുദ്ധത്തിലേക്ക്|date=26 June 2020|language=ml|work=Malayalam News 18}}</ref>

==Legal history==
===Background===
[[Marriage]] in [[India]] is governed under several federal laws. These laws allow for the solemnisation of marriages according to different [[Religion in Kerala|religion]]s, notably [[Hinduism in Kerala|Hinduism]], [[Christianity in Kerala|Christianity]], and [[Islam in Kerala|Islam]]. Every citizen has the right to choose which law will apply to them based on their community or religion. These laws are the ''[[Hindu Marriage Act, 1955]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bokakhat.gov.in/pdf/The_hindu_marriage_act.pdf|title=Hindu Marriage Act, 1955|work=bokakhat|accessdate=September 5, 2022}}</ref> which governs matters of marriage, separation and divorce for Hindus, [[Jainism in Kerala|Jains]], [[Buddhism in Kerala|Buddhists]] and Sikhs, the ''[[The Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872|Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=The Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872 |url=https://lawyerslaw.org/the-indian-christian-marriage-act-1872/ |website=lawyerslaw.org |access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref> and the ''[[Muslim personal law in India|Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1937-26.pdf|title= Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937|accessdate=September 6, 2022|work=legislative.gov.in}}</ref> In addition, the ''Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936'' and the ''Anand Marriage Act, 1909'' regulate the marriages of Parsis and Sikhs.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/2476/1/a1936_____3.pdf|title=Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936|work=www.indiacode.nic.in|accessdate=September 6, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1909-07.pdf|title=Anand Marriage Act, 1909|work=legislative.gov.in|accessdate=September 6, 2022}}</ref> The ''[[Special Marriage Act, 1954]]'' (SMA) allows all Indian citizens to marry regardless of the religion of either party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/explained/what-is-special-marriage-act-all-you-need-to-know-js-gh-527514.html|title=എന്താണ് സ്പെഷ്യൽ മാര്യേജ് ആക്ട്? നിങ്ങൾ അറിയേണ്ടതെല്ലാം|work=Malalayam News 18|date=19 April 2022|language=ml}}</ref> Marriage officers appointed by the government may solemnize and register marriages contracted under the SMA, which are registered with the state as a civil contract. The act is particularly popular among [[Interfaith marriage|interfaith couples]], [[Inter-caste marriage|inter-caste couples]], and spouses with [[Atheism|no religious beliefs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1954-43_1.pdf|title=The Special Marriage Act, 1954|work=legislative.gov|accessdate=September 5, 2022}}</ref> None of these acts explicitly bans [[same-sex marriage]].

On 14 February 2006, the [[Supreme Court of India]] ruled in ''Smt. Seema v. Ashwani Kumar'' that the [[States and union territories of India|states and union territories]] are obliged to register all marriages performed under the federal laws. The court's ruling was expected to reduce instances of [[child marriage]]s, [[bigamy]], [[domestic violence]] and unlawful abandonment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legal-wires.com/case-study/case-study-smt-seema-v-ashwin-kumar-case/|title= Case Study: Smt Seema v. Ashwin Kumar|date=21 October 2022|work=Legal Wires}}</ref> Subsequently, the [[Government of Kerala]], by order of Governor [[R. L. Bhatia]], published the ''Kerala Registration of Marriages (Common) Rules, 2008'' in the ''[[Kerala Gazette]]'' on 29 February 2008. The measure provides for the registration of all marriages "solemnized in the State after the commencement of these Rules [...] irrespective of [the] religion of the parties". It created local registrars of marriages, which shall issue [[Marriage license|marriage certificates]] upon reception of memorandums of marriage filed by the spouses. The registrar may refuse to issue the license if the parties fail to meet the requirements to marry under the national law of their religion or community. The marriage certificate requires the name, nationality, age, date of birth, address, and the previous marital status of the "husband" and the "wife".<ref>{{cite web|url= https://cr.lsgkerala.gov.in/Docs/Rules%20%20original%20GO%20(P)%201%202008%20Law%2029%2002%202008.pdf|title= Kerala Registration of Marriages (Common) Rules, 2008|work=Kerala Gazette|accessdate=9 September 2022}}</ref>

Traditional Malayali marriages ({{langx|ml|വിവാഹം}}, {{transliteration|ml|vivāhaṁ}}) are deeply rooted in custom and hold significant cultural importance. They involve elaborate pre-wedding preparations and culminate in key rituals, including the tying of the ''[[mangala sutra]]'' and the ''[[saptapadi]]'', though Christian and Muslim communities in Kerala have distinct wedding rituals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nestmatrimony.com/blog/05/10/24/malayali-marriage-and-its-ceremonies|title=Malayali Marriage and Its Ceremonies|work=Nest Matrimony|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref> [[Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent|Arranged marriage]] remains the prevailing norm across India, accounting for the vast majority of unions, and often placing pressure on LGBT individuals to marry partners of the opposite sex. Nevertheless, some same-sex couples have participated in traditional marriage ceremonies, although the marriages lack legal status in Kerala. Sonu Soman and Nikesh Pushkaran were married in [[Guruvayur]] in July 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofindia.com/india/law-says-their-marriage-isnt-valid-these-gay-couples-did-it-anyway/articleshow/88667669.cms|title=Law says their marriage isn't valid. These gay couples did it anyway|work=The Times of India|date=3 January 2022|last=Joshi|first=Sonam}}</ref> and in January 2020 filed a writ petition to have their marriage legally recognized in India. A second couple, Nived Antony Chullickal and Abdul Rahim, originally from [[Bangalore]], were married in December 2019. "I really just wanted to get married to my boyfriend and shared pre-wedding photoshoot, firstly, as a message to everyone that it is better to be late than never and second, it is so good to come out and marry your partner. Our wedding was like any other wedding. I also wanted it to be an inspiration for people, so that they too can do the same, and now so many people have called me and I really feel good that I have been an inspiration for all", Chullickal told ''[[The News Minute]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pictures-meet-two-gay-couples-kerala-who-recently-got-married-115064|title=In pictures: Meet the two gay couples from Kerala who recently got married|work=The News Minute|date=31 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=215153&u=kerala-gay-couple-gets-married-in-bengaluru-215153|title=Kerala gay couple gets married in Bengaluru|date=30 December 2019|work=Kaumudi}}</ref>

===Live-in relationships===
{{Infobox subdivision type
|name=[[Recognition of same-sex unions in India]]
|map={{Same-sex marriage in India|width=300}}
}}

[[Cohabitation|Live-in relationships]] ({{langx|ml|സഹവാസം ബന്ധം}}, {{transliteration|ml|sahavāsaṁ bandhaṁ}}, {{IPA|ml|sɐhɐˈʋaːsɐm ˈbɐn̪d̪ʱɐm|pron}}, or {{lang|ml|ലിവ്-ഇന്‍ റിലേഷൻഷിപ്പ്}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mediaoneonline.com/india/madhya-pradesh-courts-unique-order-on-breakup-after-a-live-in-relationship-250380|title=ലിവ്-ഇന്‍ ബന്ധം പിരിഞ്ഞാല്‍ സ്ത്രീക്ക് ജീവനാംശത്തി|work= mediaone online|language=ml|date=6 April 2024}}</ref> {{transliteration|ml|liv-iṉ ṟilēṣaṉṣippŭ}}) are not illegal in Kerala. The Indian Supreme Court has held that adults have a constitutional right to live together without being married, that police cannot interfere with consenting adults living together, and that live-in relationships are not unlawful. State courts have upheld this constitutional right, and further ruled that if a couple faces threats from family or the community they may request police protection. However, the [[Kerala High Court]] held in 2023 that live-in relationships could not be recognised in the state: "The law is yet to recognise the live-in relationship as marriage. The law accords recognition only if the marriage is solemnised in accordance with personal law or in accordance with secular law like the ''Special Marriage Act''."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/law-doesnt-recognise-live-in-relationships-as-marriage-kerala-court-4118365|title=Law Doesn't Recognise Live-In Relationships As Marriage: Kerala Court|work=NDTV|date=13 June 2023}}</ref> This means that while couples may live together without being married they cannot access the legal rights and benefits of [[marriage]].

In 2018, the Kerala High Court ruled, in ''[[Sreeja S v. Commissioner of Police]]'', that a lesbian couple, Sreeja and Aruna, did not violate the law by living together in a same-sex relationship. The couple had moved in together, but Aruna's parents filed a missing person complaint with the police, and later attempted to send her to a mental hospital in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. During the court proceedings, Aruna clarified that she was living with Sreeja of her own free will. The court held that their live-in relationship did not violate the law, and ordered that the couple be allowed to freely reside together.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kerala-hc-lets-lesbian-couple-live-together/articleshow/65943234.cms|title= Kerala high court lets lesbian couple live together|work=The Times of India|date=25 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://theleaflet.in/can-same-sex-couple-live-together-under-one-roof/|title= Can same-sex couple live together under one roof?|date=16 June 2022|first=Sakshi|last=Pritam Das|work=The Leaflet}}</ref> Likewise, in May 2022, the High Court gave a Muslim lesbian couple, Fathima Noora and Adhila Nasarin, the right to live together. The couple had been forcibly separated by their families, with Noora allegedly being forced into [[conversion therapy]]. Nasarin filed a ''[[habeas corpus]]'' plea, ''Adhila Nasarin v. Commissioner of Police'', stating that "Noora's mother came and showed me a petition saying that I kidnapped her and she will take her back. They are very cruel, they may try to kill her and there were several threats from Noora's family. They even threatened to kill me and my father. Noora was taken away from me by force." In a short proceeding before Justices [[K. Vinod Chandran]] and [[C. Jayachandran]], the court issued a judgement in favour of the couple on 31 May.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-two-kerala-women-won-the-right-to-be-in-love/articleshow/92064371.cms|title=How two Kerala women won the right to love|first=Anjana|last=George|date=8 June 2022|work=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=826623&u=fatima-and-adhila-can-now-live-together-no-ban-on-adults-rules-high-court|title=Fatima and Adhila can now live together, no ban on adults, rules High Court|date=31 May 2020|work=Kaumudi}}</ref> The couple were married in a traditional ceremony in October 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pics-gay-couple-reunited-by-kerala-high-court-in-may-now-exchange-rings-3561090|title=Pics: Gay Couple, Reunited By Kerala High Court In May, Now Exchange Rings|work=NDTV|date=28 November 2022|first=Divyam|last=Sharma}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63725898|title=Noora and Adhila: Kerala lesbian 'brides' in 'wedding' photoshoot|date=26 November 2022|last=Meryl|work=BBC News|first=Sebastian}}</ref>

In 2022, a woman from [[Kaloor]] filed a ''habeas corpus'' plea, ''[[Devu G v. State Of Kerala]]'', alleging that her same-sex partner had been illegally detained by her parents. The couple had been together for a year and planned on getting married. On 2 February 2023, the High Court denied the plea and directed the detained partner to attend psychiatric counselling. On 6 February, the plaintiff filed for review with the Indian Supreme Court. In her petition, she stated that the counselling recommended by the High Court "is obviously counselling to change her sexual orientation", and urged her partner's release.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/supreme-court-stays-kerala-high-court-proceedings-plea-lesbian-woman-hc-order-directing-counselling-detained-partner|title=Supreme Court stays Kerala High Court proceedings on plea by lesbian woman against HC order directing counselling for detained partner|work=Bar and Bench|date=6 February 2023|first=Abhimanyu|last=Hazarika}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/judiciary/sc-agrees-to-hear-same-sex-couples-plea-challenging-kerala-hc-ordered-counselling/1357573/?amp|title=SC agrees to hear same-sex couple's plea challenging Kerala HC-ordered counselling|work=The Print|date=6 February 2023|first=Bhadra|last=Sinha}}</ref> On 11 March 2024, the Supreme Court ruled that ''habeas corpus'' petitions filed by same-sex partners should be prioritised, that lower courts "shall not pass any directions for counselling or parental care when the ''corpus'' is produced before the Court" and that courts must order immediate release without subjecting the plaintiffs to "counseling": "Sexual orientation and gender identity fall in a core zone of privacy of an individual. These identities are a matter of self-identification, and no stigma or moral judgment must be imposed when dealing with cases involving parties from the LGBTQ+ community. Courts must exercise caution in passing any direction or making any comment which may be perceived as pejorative." Further, it ruled that courts "must acknowledge that some intimate partners may face social stigma and a neutral stand of the law would be detrimental to the fundamental freedoms of the appellant. Therefore, a court while dealing with a petition for police protection by intimate partners on the grounds that they are a same sex, transgender, inter-faith, or inter-caste couple must grant an ad-interim measure, such as immediately granting police protection to the petitioners".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://factly.in/review-sc-rules-that-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-fall-in-a-core-zone-of-privacy-of-an-individual/|title=Review: SC Rules That Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Fall in a Core Zone of Privacy of an Individual|work=Factly|date=27 March 2024|first=Suresh|last=Deepala}}</ref>

===2020 writ petition===
In January 2020, Sonu Soman, an IP professional, and Nikesh Pushkaran, a businessman, filed a writ petition in the Kerala High Court, requesting that their marriage be registered under the ''Special Marriage Act'' and arguing that preventing same-sex couples from marrying violates the principles of equality, non-arbitrariness, non-discrimination, individual dignity and personal autonomy under Articles 14, 15(1), 19(1)(a) and 21 of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/gay-couple-moves-kerala-hc-for-recognition-of-homosexual-marriages-under-special-marriage-act-152046 |title=Gay Couple Moves Kerala HC For Recognition Of Homosexual Marriages Under Special Marriage Act|author= |date=27 January 2020 |publisher=LiveLaw |access-date=24 February 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/pdf_upload-369544.pdf|title=Writ Petition (Civil) filed Under Article 226 of the Constitution of India|website=www.livelaw.in}}</ref> The couple, originally from the [[Ernakulam district]], had sought to marry at the [[Guruvayur Temple]], but authorities refused to solemnize the marriage and issue a certificate. They married in a secret ceremony in a car parking area of the temple in July 2018. Citing the Supreme Court's ruling in ''[[Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India]]'', which decriminalized [[homosexuality]] in India in 2018 and recognized a person's right to be treated with dignity regardless of [[sexual orientation]], the couple argued that exclusion from the institution of marriage denies them basic rights and privileges such as [[Alimony|maintenance]], [[inheritance]], [[pension]] and [[Joint account|joint bank accounts]]: "The institution of marriage affords certain rights and privileges to the persons in matrimony in the society and due to the aforesaid exclusion, the homosexual couples like the petitioners are denied an opportunity to enjoy similar rights and privileges. Being married carries along with it the right to maintenance, right of inheritance, a right to own joint bank accounts, lockers; nominate each other as a nominee in insurance, pension, gratuity papers etc. All these are unavailable to the Petitioners due to their exclusion from the institution of marriage, making the said exclusion more discriminatory."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/keralas-first-gay-couple-who-got-married-in-a-temple-moves-high-court-to-get-their-marriage-registered-505163.html|title=Kerala's 1st Gay Couple Who Got Married In A Temple Move High Court To Get Marriage Registered|work=India Times|date=28 January 2020|last=Abraham|first=Bobins}}</ref> The couple filed the [[writ]] on 24 January with Justice [[Anu Sivaraman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://images.assettype.com/barandbench/2020-01/6fc76b13-5c40-4330-b3cf-876eee033008/Gay_marriage_WPC.pdf|title=Writ Petition (Civil) filed Under Article 226 of the Constitution of India|website=images.assettype.com|accessdate=9 September 2022}}</ref>

By October 2022, the Kerala Government had not yet filed a response to the writ petition. Soman and Pushkaran wrote to Chief Minister [[Pinarayi Vijayan]], but likewise did not receive a response.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2022/oct/13/united-by-lovedivided-bylaw-2507467.amp|title=United by love, 'divided' by law|access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref> In November 2022, the Deputy Solicitor General announced that the government was taking steps to get the writ petition transferred to the Supreme Court of India.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-seeking-recognition-of-same-sex-marriage-under-the-special-marriage-act-214994|title=Breaking: Two Men Move Supreme Court Seeking Recognition of SAME-SEX MARRIAGE Under the Special Marriage Act|work=LiveLaw.in|date=25 November 2022}}</ref> The petition was consolidated into a broader case titled ''[[Supriyo v. Union of India]]''. In October 2023, the Supreme Court delivered a landmark decision in ''Supriyo'', ruling that the legalisation of same-sex marriage was a matter for Parliament to address, not the judiciary.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Staff |first1=The Wire |title=SC Doesn't Legalise Marriage Equality, 2 of 5 Judges Says Queer Couples Must Be Given Legal Rights |url=https://thewire.in/law/marriage-equality-supreme-court-decision |access-date=17 October 2023 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017073042/https://thewire.in/law/marriage-equality-supreme-court-decision |archive-date=17 October 2023 |location=New Delhi |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-india-66917126|title=India judges decline to legalise same-sex marriage|work=BBC News|date=17 October 2023}}</ref> It declined to review its decision on 9 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/same-sex-marriage-supreme-court-dismisses-petitions-seeking-review-of-october-2023-judgement/article69081871.ece|title=Supreme Court rejects review of its same-sex marriage judgment|website=The Hindu|date=9 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-09}}</ref>

===Transgender and intersex issues===
Kerala historically did not recognize a traditional [[third gender]] community known as ''[[Hijra (South Asia)|hijra]]'' ({{lang|ml|ഹിജ്റ}}, {{transliteration|ml|hijṟa}}), who hold respected community roles in [[North India]] and are known for their distinct culture, communities led by [[gurus]], and traditional roles as performers. Gender fluidity (notably the ''[[theyyam]]'' ritual where a male performer embodies femineity and is viewed as transcending biological sex), [[eunuch]]s ({{lang|ml|നപുംസക}}, {{transliteration|ml|napuṁsaka}}) and [[transgender]] people were present in Kerala conceptually, but never extended to a ''hijra'' structure due to the absence of a Persian-Islamic court culture and eunuch administration in royal households in Kerala.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Transgenders in Kerala- Realisation of their Identity.|journal=Journal of Social Work, Education and Practice|date=2018|volume=3|issue=1|first=Gayathri|last=Krishna}}</ref> In February 2023, the state government said it would introduce legislation amending the ''Kerala Registration of Marriages (Common) Rules, 2008'' to allow transgender people to marry.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207001756/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-may-consider-amending-marriage-registration-rules-to-include-marriage-of-transgender-persons/article66474316.ece|archive-date=7 February 2023|date=5 February 2023|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-may-consider-amending-marriage-registration-rules-to-include-marriage-of-transgender-persons/article66474316.ece|title=Kerala may consider altering marriage registration rules to include transgender persons|work=The Hindu}}</ref> A marriage ceremony for a transgender couple had already taken place in Thiruvananthapuram in May 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala-witnesses-first-transgender-marriage-5172148/|title= Kerala witnesses first transgender marriage|work=The Indian Express|date=11 May 2018}}</ref> As both partners were transgender, authorities allowed it to be solemnised under the SMA as an opposite-sex marriage. The Supreme Court's 2023 ruling in ''Supriyo v. Union of India'' held that the Indian Constitution does not require the legalisation of same-sex marriages but affirmed that transgender people may marry opposite-sex partners.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://articles.manupatra.com/article-details/Legal-Progression-Social-Implications-Case-Comment-on-Supriyo-Chakraborty-Anr-v-Union-Of-India|title="Legal Progression & Social Implications Case Comment on Supriyo Chakraborty & Anr v. Union Of India"|work=Manupatra|date=27 May 2024|first1=Rajeev Pratap|last1=Singh Bhutyal|first2=Swasti|last2=Arya}}</ref>

==Public opinion==
According to a 2019 report titled "Politics and Society Between Elections 2019", published by the [[Azim Premji#Azim Premji Foundation|Azim Premji Foundation]] and the [[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies]], 58% of participants from the state opposed same-sex relationships; the fourth highest among the twelve states surveyed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/diu/story/section-377-anniversary-same-sex-relationships-1596408-2019-09-06|title=Section 377 anniversary: Half of country still doesn't approve of same sex relationships|website=India Today}}</ref> The 2021 Mathrubhumi Youth Manifesto Survey conducted on people aged between 15 and 35 showed that 74.3% of respondents supported legalising same-sex marriage, while 25.7% were opposed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/social/social-issues/youth-response-on-homosexual-marriage-mathrubhumi-youth-manifesto-1.5546662|title=സ്വവര്‍ഗ്ഗ വിവാഹം നിയമപരമാക്കണമെന്ന് കേരളത്തിലെ യുവജനങ്ങള്‍|newspaper=Mathrubhumi|language=Malayalam|date=26 March 2021|access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[LGBT rights in Kerala]]
*[[LGBT rights in India]]
*[[Recognition of same-sex unions in India]]
*''[[Supriyo v. Union of India]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{LGBT in India}}

[[Category:Recognition of same-sex unions in India by state|Kerala]]
[[Category:Politics of Kerala]]

Recognition of same-sex unions in Kerala - Revision history

DinahFlo5043561 at 20:45, 5 May 2026