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{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Original research|date=May 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2017}}
{{Update|date=April 2022}}
}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rayalaseema
| other_name = Dathamandalam, Hiranya Rashtramu
| settlement_type = [[Andhra Pradesh#Administrative divisions|Geographic region of Andhra Pradesh]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 250
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
|image1 = Andhra Pradesh - Landscapes from Andhra Pradesh, views from Indias South Central Railway (77).JPG
|image2 = Venkateshwara Tirupati Temple.jpg
|image3 = Shiva's Bull at Lepakshi (Lepakshi Nandi).jpg
|image4 = 23 - Telugu Talli Statue with Kondareddy Buruju as background.JPG
|image5 = Garudasila at Tirupati 7.jpg
|image6 = Saumyanatha temple.JPG
|image7 = 200 years memorable pylon.jpg
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Clockwise from top: [[Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Venkateswara Temple]], [[Monolithic Bull, Andhra Pradesh|Lepakshi Monolithic Bull]], Konda Reddy Fort, [[Tirumala]] Garudasila, Saumyanatha Temple and 200 years memorable pylon in kadapa.
| nickname = Cultural Region of Andhra Pradesh
| image_map = Rayalaseema Andhra Pradesh new districts.png
| image_map1 = {{Infobox mapframe|ids=Q15212,Q15213,Q110714853,Q15342,Q15381,Q110714854,Q110714863,Q110714861}}
| map_caption = Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|}}[[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District|District(s)]]
| subdivision_name2 = *[[Anantapur district]]
*[[Annamayya district]]
*[[Chittoor district]]
*[[Kurnool district]]
*[[Nandyal district]]
*[[Sri Sathya Sai district]]
*[[Tirupati district]]
*[[Kadapa district|YSR district]]
| subdivision_type3 = Largest cities
| subdivision_name3 = *[[Kurnool]]
*[[Tirupati]]
*[[Kadapa]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 17 November 1928, Nandyal
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/andhrapradesh/andhrapradesh-factsheet.htm|title=Andhra Pradesh Fact Sheet|work=mapsofindia.com}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 71060
| area_rank = 17
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 15184908
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 226
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AP02, AP03, AP04, AP21, AP39
| blank1_name_sec1 = Largest airport
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Tirupati Airport]]
| website =
| official_name =
}}
[[File:Gooty Fort Watchtower.jpg|alt=|thumb|Gooty Fort In Anantapur District]]
[[File:Gandikota fort view.jpg|thumb|Gandikota Fort view]]
[[File:PSLV-C40- Lift off from First Launch Pad of SDSC SHAR Sriharikota 004.jpg|thumb|Satish Dhawan Space center In Tirupati District]]

'''Rayalaseema''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: ''Rāyalasīma'') is a geographic region in the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It comprises four southern districts of the State prior to districts reorganisation in 2022 namely [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]], [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]], [[Kadapa district|YSR]] and [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]] districts. Four new districts were created from these namely [[Sri Sathya Sai district|Sri Sathya Sai]] [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]], [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]] and [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rajeev|first1=M|title=Rayalaseema in a state of discontent|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/state-view-rayalaseema-in-a-state-of-discontent/article7747573.ece|access-date=8 December 2015|work=The Hindu|date=11 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208064748/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/state-view-rayalaseema-in-a-state-of-discontent/article7747573.ece|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> The {{As of|2011}} [[2011 census of India|census of India]], the western four districts (before the district realignment) of the region had a population of 15,184,908 and covers an area of {{convert|71060|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="census">{{cite web|title=Population of AP districts(2011)|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/Other%20Docs/Population.pdf|publisher=ap.gov.in|access-date=25 May 2014|page=14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112141602/http://www.ap.gov.in/Other%20Docs/Population.pdf|archive-date=12 November 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The region was previously called ''Ceded districts'' during the rule of the [[British Raj]]. This is with reference to the time when the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], Ali Khan ceded the region to the British as a part of subsidiary alliance. Chilukuri Narayana Rao, a Telugu lecturer and activist from Anantapur deemed the term "ceded" as derogatory and coined the term ''Rayalaseema''.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/the-birth-of-rayalaseema/article5948111.ece|title=The birth of Rayalaseema|last1=Correspondent|first1=Special|work=The Hindu|access-date=12 June 2017}}</ref> In the Andhra Mahasabha and Ceded Districts Conference held at [[Nandyal]]a in November 1928, he moved a resolution to the effect which was accepted by the other delegates of the conference.

The name ''Rayalaseema'' hearkened back to the [[Vijayanagara]] times, whose Kings used a suffix ''Rāya'' (tadbhava of Sanskrit Rāja) or ''Rāyalu'' in Telugu as their title. The boundaries of Rayalaseema roughly match with the territorial extent of the [[Aravidu dynasty]], the last dynasty to rule the Vijayanagara Empire.<ref name=":0" />

== History ==
During the British era, the Nizam of Hyderabad ceded this area to the British, and hence was called [[Ceded Districts]].

=== Post independence ===
{{Main|Andhra State|Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014}}

The four districts of the region were part of the [[Madras Presidency]] until 1953.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19531001&printsec=frontpage|work=The Indian Express|via=Google News Archive Search|title=The Indian Express - Google News Archive Search}}</ref> From 1953 to 1956, the region was a part of [[Andhra State]] and in 1956, the [[Telangana]] region was merged with [[Andhra State]] to form [[Andhra Pradesh]] State.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19560221&printsec=frontpage|work=The Indian Express|via=Google News Archive Search|title=The Indian Express - Google News Archive Search}}</ref> On 2 February 1970, three taluks from [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]] i.e., [[Markapur]], [[Cumbum, Andhra Pradesh|Cumbum]] and [[Giddalur]] were merged along with some other taluks of [[Nellore district]] and [[Guntur district]] to form [[Prakasam district]].

In February 2014, the [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]] bill was passed by the [[Parliament of India]] for the formation of [[Telangana]] state comprising [[List of districts in Telangana|ten districts]]. [[Hyderabad]] will remain as a joint capital for 10 years for both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.<ref name=reorganisation>{{cite web |title=The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 |url=http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts2014/6%20of%202014.pdf|website=India Code Legislative Department|publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice|access-date=14 July 2015|page=2|date=1 March 2014}}</ref> The new State of Telangana came into existence on 2 June 2014 after approval from the [[President of India]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/Telangana-State-to-Be-Born-on-June-2/2014/03/04/article2090470.ece|title=Telangana state formation gazette|publisher=The New Indian Express|access-date=14 May 2014}}</ref> The formation of a new state named ''Telangana'' from ''Andhra Pradesh'' is not considered an amendment to the Constitution of India per article 3 and 4 of that document.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1015123/ | title=Constitution of India Sub-section |website=Indiankanoon.org| date=4 March 2014 | access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh.png|thumb|left|200px|Rayalaseema districts before 4th April 2022]]

== Geography ==
Rayalaseema region is located in the southern region of the state of Andhra Pradesh. The region borders the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] to the south, [[Karnataka]] to the west and [[Telangana]] to the north. Some areas in [[Coastal Andhra]], such as [[Markapur revenue division]] of Prakasam district share similar geography,culture and climate to Rayalaseema.<ref>{{cite news|title=Andhra Pradesh – end of an era|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/andhra-pradesh-end-of-an-era-113073001018_1.html|access-date=8 April 2016|work=Business Standard|date=30 July 2013|location=Hyderabad}}</ref>

== Education ==

=== Universities ===
* [[Sri Venkateswara University]]
* [[Sri Krishna Devaraya University]]
* [[Yogi Vemana University]]
* [[Rayalaseema University]]
* [[Dr. Abdul Haq Urdu University]]
* [[Dravidian University]]
* [[Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam]]
* [[JNTU Anantapur]]
* Sanskrit Vidyapeeth

=== Medical colleges ===
* [[Sri Venkateswara Medical College]]
* [[Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa]]
* [[Kurnool Medical College]]
* [[Government Medical College, Anantapur]]
* [[SVIMS - Sri Padmavathi Medical College for Women|Sri Padmavathi Medical College for Women]]
* [[Santharam Medical College, Nandyal]]
* [[PES Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Kuppam]]

=== Central institutions ===
* [[Indian Institute of Technology, Tirupati]]
* [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati]]
* [[Indian Culinary Institute, Tirupati]]
* [[National Sanskrit University]]
* [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kurnool]]
* [[Central University of Andhra Pradesh]]

=== Deemed universities ===
* [[Sri Sathya Sai University]]

== Transport ==
=== Roadways ===
[[File:Plvd-Kdp road.jpg|thumb|Pulivendula-Kadapa 4 lane road near pulivendula]]

The road network in region consists of many [[National Highway (India)|National Highways]] such as, [[National Highway 40 (India)|NH 40]], [[National Highway 42 (India)|NH 42]], [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]], [[National Highway 140 (India)|NH 140]], [[National Highway 167 (India)|NH 167]], [[National Highway 340 (India)|NH 340]], [[National Highway 67 (India)|NH 67]], [[National Highway 69 (India)|NH 69]], [[National Highway 71 (India)|NH 71]], [[National Highway 716 (India)|NH 716]].
[[File:NH 716 Near Renigunta.jpg|thumb|NH 716 Near Renigunta]]

=== Railways ===
{{Main|Guntakal railway division}}
[[File:Long View of Station Building.jpg|thumb|Kadapa Railway Station Premises]]

The rail connectivity is getting better with the projects allocated or being part of the region such as, [[Nandyal–Yerraguntla section|Nandyal–Yerraguntla]], [[Nadikudi–Srikalahasti section|Nadikudi–Srikalahasti]], [[Kadapa–Bangalore section]]s are the under development projects which forms a part of the region.<ref>{{cite news|title=Proper rail connectivity still a far cry in Rayalaseema|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/proper-rail-connectivity-still-a-far-cry-in-rayalaseema/article6850373.ece|access-date=26 May 2017|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Most of the region falls under the jurisdiction of [[Guntakal railway division]] of [[South Central Railway zone]].

=== Airports ===

[[File:Air India and Jetairways.jpg|thumb|[[Air India]] and [[Jet Airways]] at [[Tirupati Airport]]]]

Rayalaseema region has air connectivity with four airports [[Tirupati International Airport]], [[Sri Sathya Sai Airport]], [[Kadapa Airport]] and [[Kurnool Airport]].
===Waterways===
[[Dugarajapatnam Port]] is a proposed port in [[Tirupati district]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Decks cleared for Dugarajapatnam port |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Decks-cleared-for-Dugarajapatnam-port/articleshow/30299638.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
=== Power ===
[[File:Rayalaseema Thermal Power Station.jpg|thumb|Rayalaseema Thermal Power Station]]
Rayalaseema Region has thermal as well solar power plants. [[Rayalaseema Thermal Power Station]] is located in [[Kadapa district]] and Andhra Pradesh government recently sanctioned solar power parks in Rayalaseema districts<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/ap-solar-corpn-sanctions-4000-mw-power-parks/article8018438.ece|title=AP Solar Corpn sanctions 4,000 MW power parks|date=22 December 2015|website=M.thehindubusinessline.com}}</ref> with a capacity of 4000MW's.Today the state of Andhra Pradesh stood No.1 position in solar power generation with an installed capacity of 1868 MW<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/with-kurnool-solar-park-state-takes-a-giant-leap/article18289685.ece|title=With Kurnool solar park, State takes a giant leap|first=V.|last=Raghavendra|date=29 April 2017|access-date=16 February 2019|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> In India and also offers world's largest solar power park of 1000 MW is also located in Andhra Pradesh.

== Lake ==
The only Lake located in the region of Rayalaseema is [[Pulicat Lake]]. The major part of the Lake is located in [[Sullurupeta revenue division|Sullurpeta]] division of [[Tirupati district]].

[[Pulicat Lake]] is the second largest [[brackish water]] [[lagoon]] in [[India]], (after [[Chilika Lake]]), measuring 759 square kilometres (293 sq mi). Major part of the lagoon comes under [[Tirupati district]] of Andhra Pradesh. The lagoon is one of the three important wetlands to attract [[northeast monsoon]] rain clouds during the October to December season. The lagoon comprises the following regions, which adds up 759 square kilometres (293 sq mi) according to [[Andhra Pradesh]].

== Politics ==
[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]], [[Damodaram Sanjivayya]], [[Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy]], [[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]], [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]], [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]], [[N.Kiran Kumar Reddy]] and [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]] are the people who served as [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]], hail from the Rayalaseema region of the state, with [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]] being the incumbent. The region saw as many as [[List of Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh|7 chief ministers]] for the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telangana.com/why_telangana.htm|title=Telangana.com – Committed For Development|website=Telangana.com|access-date=3 September 2015|archive-date=12 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612150324/http://www.telangana.com/why_telangana.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Factionalism ===
{{See also|Organised crime in India#Andhra Pradesh factionalism}}Rayalaseema is home to numerous factional families who are often intertwined with political parties and violently clash with each other. Government employees are known to dread postings in the region. The high crime rate is attributed to Rayalaseema's high poverty rate. Although violence has declined since the 1980s, factionalism still reigns supreme. Police records estimate that in the past 35 years, about 8,465 civilians have died as a result of factional violence.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Factionalism, Violence and Politics in Andhra Pradesh's Rayalaseema|url=https://thewire.in/politics/rayalaseema-politics-andhra-pradesh|access-date=2021-08-01|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Mar 23, 2019|title=Of the sordid theatre of faction killings in Rayalaseema region {{!}} Vijayawada News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/of-the-sordid-theatre-of-faction-killings-in-rayalaseema-region/articleshow/68529414.cms|access-date=2021-08-01|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

=== Sri Bagh act ===
Based on Sri Bagh act signed on 18 November 1937, Kurnool was made as the capital of the new state after the division of [[Andhra state]] from the [[Madras state]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Raju|first1=P. Yenadi|title=Rayalaseema during colonial times : a study un indian nationalism|date=2003|publisher=Northern Book Centre|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7211-139-7|page=214|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I3C11beCHF0C&q=Sri+Baghpact&pg=PA214|access-date=3 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_post.html|title=APonline – History and Culture – History-Post-Independence Era|work=aponline.gov.in|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220113947/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_post.html|archive-date=20 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> As per the second State Resolution Commission, capital was shifted to [[Hyderabad]] upon the formation of Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news|title=Revive Sri Bagh pact, demands vedika|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/revive-sri-bagh-pact-demands-vedika/article6128868.ece|access-date=3 September 2015|date=19 June 2014|location=Hyderabad}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Coastal Andhra]]
* [[Uttarandhra]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Rayalaseema}}
{{Wikivoyage|Rayalaseema}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite journal |title=Making of Micro-Regional Identities in the Colonial Context: Studying the Rayalaseema Maha Sabha, 1934–1956 |first=G. Samba Siva |last=Reddy |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=67 |date=2006–2007 |pages=500–513 |jstor=44147969 }}

{{commons category-inline|Rayalaseema}}

{{Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Proposed states and territories of India}}

{{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Rayalaseema| ]]
[[Category:Regions of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Proposed states and union territories of India]]
[[Category:Geography of Anantapur district]]
[[Category:Geography of Chittoor district]]
[[Category:Geography of Kadapa district]]
[[Category:Geography of Kurnool district]]
[[Category:Geography of Tirupati district]]

Rayalaseema - Revision history

ReinaSligo4 at 20:21, 23 March 2026

Bot: Removing protection template from an unprotected page

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article