Ravishankar Raval - Revision history

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	{{~~EngvarB~~\|~~date=September 2014~~}}		{{Short description\|Indian painter and art critic (1892–1977)}}
	{{more citations needed\|date=October 2016}}		{{more citations needed\|date=October 2016}}
			{{Use British English\|date=September 2014}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2014}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2014}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
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	\|death_date = {{death date and age\|df=y\|1977\|12\|9\|1892\|8\|1}}		\|death_date = {{death date and age\|df=y\|1977\|12\|9\|1892\|8\|1}}
	\|caption= Kalaguru Ravishankar Raval		\|caption= Kalaguru Ravishankar Raval
	\|birth_place=[[Bhavnagar]], [[~~Gujarat~~]]		\|birth_place=[[Bhavnagar]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
	\|death_place=[[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat		\|death_place=[[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, India
	~~\|nationality= [[~~India~~]]n~~
	\|occupation= painter, art critic, journalist, essayist		\|occupation= painter, art critic, journalist, essayist
	\|alma mater= [[Sir J. J. School of Art]]		\|alma mater= [[Sir J. J. School of Art]]
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	==Life==		==Life==
	Ravishankar Raval was born on 1 August 1892 in [[Bhavnagar]] (now in [[Gujarat]], India). His father Mahashanakar Raval was an officer in the British Communication Service. He spent his childhood in several towns as his father was transferred from one place to another. He wrote that he inherited his artistic instincts from his mother.<!---"No one in my family was an artist so I cannot claim a direct heritage of art from any one. However, I received my artistic instincts from my mother. She was a cultured and well organised person. I would say that I got my art psyche from her". ---> He graduated from high school in 1909. During his first university year, at the local Arts College, his principal asked him to paint the stage sets for the college drama festival. He advised him to join arts by his [[Parsi]] professor Sanjana who was pleased with his artistic skills. Against his fathers non-approval, he joined [[Sir J. J. School of Art]], [[Bombay]]. He was trained under Cecil Burns, the principal of J. J. School.<ref name=TMT/>		Ravishankar Raval was born in a [[brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Desai\|first=Nachiketa\|date=2018-09-30\|title=Chhaganlal Jadhav, Dalit artist who sketched history of Gandhi's times\|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/opinion/dalit-artist-who-captured-history-in-his-sketchbook\|access-date=2022-01-15\|website=National Herald\|language=en}}</ref> on 1 August 1892 in [[Bhavnagar]] (now in [[Gujarat]], India). His father Mahashanakar Raval was an officer in the British Communication Service. He spent his childhood in several towns as his father was transferred from one place to another. He wrote that he inherited his artistic instincts from his mother.<!---"No one in my family was an artist so I cannot claim a direct heritage of art from any one. However, I received my artistic instincts from my mother. She was a cultured and well organised person. I would say that I got my art psyche from her". ---> He graduated from high school in 1909. During his first university year, at the local Arts College, his principal asked him to paint the stage sets for the college drama festival. He advised him to join arts by his [[Parsi]] professor Sanjana who was pleased with his artistic skills. Against his fathers non-approval, he joined [[Sir J. J. School of Art]], [[Bombay]]. He was trained under Cecil Burns, the principal of J. J. School.<ref name=TMT/>

	Though a promising student of the [[academic naturalism]] taught at the J. J. School and a budding portrait painter, Raval gave up these influences to embrace the revival of Indian art that was then gaining ground. In the spirit of cultural nationalism, he held on to these ideas, despite harsh criticism, such as when the Rajput-art-style painting 'Bilwamangal' for which he won the [[Bombay Art Society]] gold medal was dismissed by a Parsi artist as 'a printed label on mill cloth'<ref name=TMT>{{cite book\|last=Mitter\|first=Partha\|title=The triumph of modernism: India's artists and the avant-garde, 1922–1947\|year=2007\|publisher=Reaktion Books\|isbn=9781861893185\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=krdWkzVLSbkC&q=ravi+shankar+raval+partha+mitter}}</ref> He received Mayo Gold Medal at [[Sir J. J. School of Art]] in 1916.		Though a promising student of the [[academic naturalism]] taught at the J. J. School and a budding portrait painter, Raval gave up these influences to embrace the revival of Indian art that was then gaining ground. In the spirit of cultural nationalism, he held on to these ideas, despite harsh criticism, such as when the Rajput-art-style painting 'Bilwamangal' for which he won the [[Bombay Art Society]] gold medal was dismissed by a Parsi artist as 'a printed label on mill cloth'<ref name=TMT>{{cite book\|last=Mitter\|first=Partha\|title=The triumph of modernism: India's artists and the avant-garde, 1922–1947\|year=2007\|publisher=Reaktion Books\|isbn=9781861893185\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=krdWkzVLSbkC&q=ravi+shankar+raval+partha+mitter}}</ref> He received Mayo Gold Medal at [[Sir J. J. School of Art]] in 1916.
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	He had designed quasi-realistic sets of ''[[Narsinh Mehta (1932 film)\|Narsinh Mehta]]'', the first Gujarati talkie film.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book\|last1=Rajadhyaksha\|last2=Willemen\|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA275\|date=10 July 2014\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7\|page=1994}}</ref>		He had designed quasi-realistic sets of ''[[Narsinh Mehta (1932 film)\|Narsinh Mehta]]'', the first Gujarati talkie film.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book\|last1=Rajadhyaksha\|last2=Willemen\|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA275\|date=10 July 2014\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7\|page=1994}}</ref>

	His autobiography ''Gujarat Ma Kala Na Pagran'' ~~which~~ was reissued in 2010 with some of his works in it.		His autobiography ''Gujarat Ma Kala Na Pagran'' (Ushering of Art in Gujarat) was republished in 1998.<ref>{{Cite journal \|title=Renaissance of Art in Gujarat\|first=Ratan\|last=Parimoo\|journal=Nirukta Journal of Art History and Aesthetics\|year=2004\|pages=95–109\|url=https://criticalcollective.in/CC_ArchiveInner2.aspx?Aid=545&Eid=1734 \|access-date=2023-06-09 \|via=criticalcollective.in}}</ref> It was reissued in 2010 with some of his works in it.

	He died on 9 December 1977 at his home "Chitrakoot" in [[Ahmedabad]] after brief illness.		He died on 9 December 1977 at his home "Chitrakoot" in [[Ahmedabad]] after brief illness.
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	==Personal life==		==Personal life==
	He married Ramaben in 1909. They had three sons; Narendra, Gajendra and Kanak. Kanak ~~Raval lives~~ in the ~~USA while other two are deceased~~.		He married Ramaben in 1909. They had three sons; Narendra, Gajendra and Kanak. Kanak completed an M.S. in Pharmacy from the University of Michigan in 1953, and a PhD in Pharmacy from the University of Iowa in 1956. He permanently emigrated to the U.S. in the 1960s and dedicated his later life to translating his father's biography from Gujarati to English. He passed in 2022.

	==Bibliography==		==Bibliography==
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	==External links==		==External links==
	* {{Internet Archive author\|sname=Ravishankar Raval}}		* {{Internet Archive author\|sname=Ravishankar Raval}}
	* [http://www.ravishankarmraval.org/ Art World of Ravishankar Raval]		* [http://www.ravishankarmraval.org/ Art World of Ravishankar Raval] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001211820/http://www.ravishankarmraval.org/ \|date=1 October 2007 }}
	* {{cite web \| last=Kothari \| first=Urvish \| title=ગુજરાતને કળાના 'રવાડે' ચઢાવનાર કળાગુરૂ રવિશંકર રાવળ \| website=Gujarati World \| date=1 March 2004 \| url=http://urvishkothari-gujarati.blogspot.com/2015/10/blog-post_6.html \| language=gu \| access-date=17 October 2016}}		* {{cite web \| last=Kothari \| first=Urvish \| title=ગુજરાતને કળાના 'રવાડે' ચઢાવનાર કળાગુરૂ રવિશંકર રાવળ \| website=Gujarati World \| date=1 March 2004 \| url=http://urvishkothari-gujarati.blogspot.com/2015/10/blog-post_6.html \| language=gu \| access-date=17 October 2016}}
	* [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3ARa%CC%84val%CC%A3a%2C+Ravis%CC%81an%CC%87kara%2C&dblist=638&fq=ap%3A%22ra%CC%84val%CC%A3a%2C+ravis%CC%81an%CC%87kara%22&qt=facet_ap%3A Bibliography at WorldCat]		* [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3ARa%CC%84val%CC%A3a%2C+Ravis%CC%81an%CC%87kara%2C&dblist=638&fq=ap%3A%22ra%CC%84val%CC%A3a%2C+ravis%CC%81an%CC%87kara%22&qt=facet_ap%3A Bibliography at WorldCat]
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	[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]		[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
	[[Category:Writers from Ahmedabad]]		[[Category:Writers from Ahmedabad]]
	[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]		[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
	[[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]		[[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
	[[Category:Painters from Gujarat]]		[[Category:Painters from Gujarat]]
			[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]

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{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|image=RavishankarRaval 1966.jpg
|name=Ravishankar Raval
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1892|8|1}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1977|12|9|1892|8|1}}
|caption= Kalaguru Ravishankar Raval
|birth_place=[[Bhavnagar]], [[Gujarat]]
|death_place=[[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat
|nationality= [[India]]n
|occupation= painter, art critic, journalist, essayist
|alma mater= [[Sir J. J. School of Art]]
|awards= * [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] (1930)
* [[Padma Shri]] (1965)
|spouse = {{marriage|Ramaben|1909}}
|children= Narendra, Gajendra, Kanak
}}
'''Ravishankar Raval''' (1892–1977) was a painter, art teacher, art critic, journalist and essayist from [[Gujarat]], India. He worked for the magazine ''Vismi Sadi'' until it closed in 1921, and then founded the cultural magazine ''[[Kumar magazine|Kumar]]''.

==Life==
Ravishankar Raval was born on 1 August 1892 in [[Bhavnagar]] (now in [[Gujarat]], India). His father Mahashanakar Raval was an officer in the British Communication Service. He spent his childhood in several towns as his father was transferred from one place to another. He wrote that he inherited his artistic instincts from his mother. He graduated from high school in 1909. During his first university year, at the local Arts College, his principal asked him to paint the stage sets for the college drama festival. He advised him to join arts by his [[Parsi]] professor Sanjana who was pleased with his artistic skills. Against his fathers non-approval, he joined [[Sir J. J. School of Art]], [[Bombay]]. He was trained under Cecil Burns, the principal of J. J. School.<ref name=TMT/>

Though a promising student of the [[academic naturalism]] taught at the J. J. School and a budding portrait painter, Raval gave up these influences to embrace the revival of Indian art that was then gaining ground. In the spirit of cultural nationalism, he held on to these ideas, despite harsh criticism, such as when the Rajput-art-style painting 'Bilwamangal' for which he won the [[Bombay Art Society]] gold medal was dismissed by a Parsi artist as 'a printed label on mill cloth'<ref name=TMT>{{cite book|last=Mitter|first=Partha|title=The triumph of modernism: India's artists and the avant-garde, 1922–1947|year=2007|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=9781861893185|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=krdWkzVLSbkC&q=ravi+shankar+raval+partha+mitter}}</ref> He received Mayo Gold Medal at [[Sir J. J. School of Art]] in 1916.

==Career==
[[File:Visami Sadi 1916 Magazine cover.jpg|thumb|Cover of 1916 issue of ''Visami Sadi''. Cover Art by [[M. V. Dhurandhar]].]]
In 1915, Raval met a prominent journalist [[Hajji Mohammad Alarakhiya]], who was looking for a young artist-illustrator for his new cultural magazine ''Visami Sadi'' (The Twentieth Century), and joined him. He moved to [[Ahmedabad]] and started an art school in 1919.<ref name=TMT/><ref name="David2016">{{cite book|author=Esther David|title=Ahmedabad: City with a Past|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lrOSCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT56|date=10 February 2016|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India|isbn=978-93-5029-798-8|pages=56–57}}</ref> He worked for ''Visami Sadi'' until its closing with the accidental death of Haji Mohammad in 1921. From ''Visami Sadi'', he was inspired to start new cultural magazine ''[[Kumar (magazine)|Kumar]]'' at Ahmedabad in 1924, which is still published. The magazine is said to have made a great impact on Gujarati arts, and was known for its illustrations and experiments in typography.<ref>{{cite book|last=Das|first=Sisir Kumar|title=History of Indian Literature: .1911–1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy|year=2005|publisher=Sahitya AKademi|isbn=9788172017989|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&q=ravishankar+raval&pg=PA588}}</ref><ref name="Desai2007">{{cite book|author=Anjali H. Desai|title=India Guide Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&pg=PA47|year=2007|publisher=India Guide Publications|isbn=978-0-9789517-0-2|page=47}}</ref> He had drawn the famous painting of the trial of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s trial on charge of sedition on 18 March 1922 in the Circuit House of Ahmedabad where no cameras were allowed.<ref name="David2016"/><ref name="Pandiri1995">{{cite book|author=Ananda M. Pandiri|title=A Comprehensive, Annotated Bibliography on Mahatma Gandhi: Biographies, works by Gandhi, and bibliographical sources|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5iDg8uhjMGMC&pg=PA130|year=1995|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-25337-9|page=130}}</ref> In 1927, he conducted a month-long art study of the 1st century [[frescos]] of the [[Ajanta Caves]]. In 1936, he went on three months art tour to Japan. He had participated in annual conference of Indian National Congress in Haripura in 1938 where he painted paintings.<ref name="Gandhi">{{cite book|author=Rajmohan Gandhi|title=PRINCE OF GUJARAT: THE EXTRAORDINARY STORY OF PRINCE GOPALDAS DESAI: 1887-1951|date=8 October 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIa7BwAAQBAJ&pg=PT162|publisher=Aleph Book Company|isbn=978-93-83064-81-6|page=162}}</ref> He visited [[Rabindranath Tagore]]'s university, [[Santiniketan]] in 1941. He was appointed as the President of Art Society of India and the President of Bombay Art Society in 1941. In 1948, he joined Russian artist [[Nicholas Roerich]] at his Kulu art center as the house guest. He participated in All India Art Conference at [[Calcutta]] in 1951. He went on art tour to Soviet Russia in 1952.

Other noteworthy work includes the remarkable artwork in ''Chandapoli'', a Gujarati children's magazine and ''Kailash ma Ratri'' (A night at Mt.Kailash). Raval illustrated ''Bawlana Parakramo'' (1939), a Gujarati adaptation of the [[Pinocchio]] story by [[Hansa Jivraj Mehta|Hansa Mehta]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Vachharajani|first=Anita|title=Pinocchio in Ahmedabad|url=http://aniamit.blogspot.in/2005/11/pinocchio-in-ahmedabad.html|date=30 November 2005}}</ref> He also drew many paintings of historical figures such as [[Narsinh Mehta]], [[Mirabai]], [[Hemchandracharya]], Chandra Kaumudi, [[Akho]] which became cultural image of the characters.<ref name="Shukla-Bhatt2015">{{cite book|author=Neelima Shukla-Bhatt|title=Narasinha Mehta of Gujarat: A Legacy of Bhakti in Songs and Stories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uMkVDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA96|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-997641-6|pages=96–97}}</ref> He is also well known for painting the characters of [[Kanaiyalal Munshi]]'s novels.<ref name="David2016"/>

He had designed quasi-realistic sets of ''[[Narsinh Mehta (1932 film)|Narsinh Mehta]]'', the first Gujarati talkie film.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book|last1=Rajadhyaksha|last2=Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA275|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|page=1994}}</ref>

His autobiography ''Gujarat Ma Kala Na Pagran'' which was reissued in 2010 with some of his works in it.

He died on 9 December 1977 at his home "Chitrakoot" in [[Ahmedabad]] after brief illness.

==Style==
He evolved his own rich style, inspired by the Indian classical painting traditions.<ref name=TMT/> He was influenced by [[Raja Ravi Verma]]'s religious oleographs. He was influenced by Tagore's informal open studios which influenced his Gujarat Chitra Kala Sangh.<ref name="David2016"/>

He was given the title of ''Kalaguru'',<ref name="David2016"/> the master of art, by Gujarati author [[Kakasaheb Kalelkar]] for his contribution in art in Gujarat. His art school produced several notable artists of India such as [[Kanu Desai]].

==Recognition==
[[File:Bust of Ravishankar Raval in Ahmedabad.jpg|thumb|Bust of Ravishankar Raval at Ravishankar Raval Kala Bhavan, [[Ahmedabad]]]]
During his career, Raval received several awards and medals. He received Mayo Gold Medal at Sir J. J. School of Art in 1916. He was awarded Gold medal from the [[Bombay Art Society]] in 1917. He won second prize in art-in-industry Expo at [[Calcutta]] in 1923. He received [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] (1930), the highest literary award in Gujarati literature for his art essays. He received Kalidas Prize in 1925. He received Nehru Award for his book on Russia in 1965. Later he was awarded [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award of India, in 1965.
He was accepted as the Fellow of the [[Lalit Kala Akademi]] in 1970.

==Personal life==
He married Ramaben in 1909. They had three sons; Narendra, Gajendra and Kanak. Kanak Raval lives in the USA while other two are deceased.

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title=Munshi's World Of Imagination: With 35 art plates in full colours|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nas7AAAAMAAJ|year=1962|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author|sname=Ravishankar Raval}}
* [http://www.ravishankarmraval.org/ Art World of Ravishankar Raval]
* {{cite web | last=Kothari | first=Urvish | title=ગુજરાતને કળાના 'રવાડે' ચઢાવનાર કળાગુરૂ રવિશંકર રાવળ | website=Gujarati World | date=1 March 2004 | url=http://urvishkothari-gujarati.blogspot.com/2015/10/blog-post_6.html | language=gu | access-date=17 October 2016}}
* [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3ARa%CC%84val%CC%A3a%2C+Ravis%CC%81an%CC%87kara%2C&dblist=638&fq=ap%3A%22ra%CC%84val%CC%A3a%2C+ravis%CC%81an%CC%87kara%22&qt=facet_ap%3A Bibliography at WorldCat]
{{Fellows of the Lalit Kala Akademi}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raval, Ravishankar}}
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Indian illustrators]]
[[Category:Indian children's book illustrators]]
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Lalit Kala Akademi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:People from Bhavnagar]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Writers from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
[[Category:Painters from Gujarat]]