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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Jainism teaching of right faith, right knowledge, right conduct}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Jainism}}<br />
[[File:MahaveeJi.jpg|thumb|The three [[Shikhara|shikhar]] (top) of a [[Jain temple]] represents ''Ratnatraya'' (three jewels)]]<br />
The '''ratnatraya''' are the three jewels of [[Jainism]], namely ''samyak darshana'' (right faith or view), ''samyak gyana'' (right knowledge), and ''samyak charitra'' (right conduct), which constitute the path to liberation.<br />
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== The path to liberation ==<br />
{{Quote box |width=20em | bgcolor=#c6dbf7 |align=right |quote=Right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct (together) constitute the path to liberation. | salign = right|source =Tattvārthasūtra (1-1){{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2011|p=2}}}}<br />
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The spiritual goal in Jainism is to reach ''moksha'' for ascetics, but for most Jain laypersons, it is to accumulate good karma that leads to better rebirth and a step closer to liberation.{{sfn|Bailey|2012|p=108}}{{sfn|Long|2013|pp=18, 98–100}} Purification of soul and liberation can be achieved through the three jewels (''ratnatraya''):{{sfn|Cort|2001a|pp=6–7}}{{sfn|Fohr|2015|pp=9–10, 37}} ''samyak darśana'', right vision or faith in the Jain teachings{{sfn|Fohr|2015|p=10}} or scriptures,{{sfn|Grimes|1996|p=323}} more specifically the seven tattvas;{{sfn|Grimes|1996|p=279}}{{sfn|Jaini|1998|pp=148, 151, 200}}{{efn|According to Padmanabh S. Jaini, ''samyak darśana'' is acceptance of the truth of soul (''jīva'').{{sfn|Jaini|1998|pp=141–147}}}} ''samyak gyana'', right knowledge and understanding of the Jain teachings,{{sfn|Grimes|1996|p=323}}{{sfn|Cort|2001a|p=7}} more specifically of self (''jiva'') and non-self (''ajiva'');{{sfn|Grimes|1996|p=279}} and ''samyak charitra'', correct conduct, behavior consistent with these teachinngs and the five vows.{{sfn|Grimes|1996|p=323}}{{sfn|Jaini|1998|pp=148, 200}} Jain texts often add ''samyak tapas'' (correct asceticism) as a fourth jewel, emphasizing belief in ascetic practices as the means to liberation ([[moksha]]).{{sfn|Cort|2001a|p=7}} The four jewels are called ''Moksha Marga'' (the path of liberation).{{sfn|Cort|2001a|pp=6–7}}<br />
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== Right faith ==<br />
Acharya [[Umaswami]] states in ''Tattvārthasūtra'' (1-2) that "Belief in substances [''tattvas''] ascertained as they are is right faith."{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2011|p=2}} According to the [[Digambara]], there are seven ''[[Tattva (Jainism)|tattva]]'':{{sfn|S. A. Jain|1992|p=7}}<br />
#''jīva'' — the [[Soul (Jainism)|soul]] which is characterized by consciousness.<br />
#''ajīva'' — the non-soul<br />
#''[[Asrava|āsrava]]'' — inflow of auspicious and evil karmic matter into the soul.<br />
#bondage ([[Bandha (Jainism)|Bandha]]) — mutual intermingling of the soul and ''karmas''<br />
#''[[Samvara]]'' (stoppage) — obstruction of the inflow of karmic matter into the soul.<br />
#''[[Nirjara]]'' — gradual dissociation of karmic matter from the soul<br />
#''[[moksha (Jainism)|Moksha]]'' (liberation) — complete annihilation of all karmic matter (bound with any particular soul)<br />
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== Right conduct ==<br />
Right conduct is the application of the knowledge developed, so as to exercise control over our inner desires and reach a stage where there is no attachment or aversion.<br />
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Right conduct includes:{{sfn|Champat Rai Jain|1917|p=57}}<br />
* Five kinds of spiritual purity<br />
# ''[[Sāmāyika]]'' (equanimity),<br />
# penalties for faults arising from inadvertence, or negligence, on account of which one loses equanimity,<br />
# refraining from ''himsa'' (injury),<br />
# control of passions, and<br />
# contemplation of one's own soul<br />
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* Observance of [[Mahavrata]]s (five major vows):<br />
# [[Ahimsa in Jainism|Ahiṃsā]], not to hurt any living being by actions and thoughts<br />
# [[Satya]], not to lie or speak what is not commendable.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2012|p=61}}<br />
# [[Asteya]], not to take anything if not given.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2012|p=68}}<br />
# [[Brahmacharya]], chastity / Celibacy in action, words & thoughts<br />
# [[Aparigraha]] ([[Non-possession]]), detachment from material property.<br />
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* Seven supplementary vows:<br />
:'''Guņa vratas''', merit vows{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2012|p=88}} <br />
:1. ''digvrata'', restriction on movement with regard to directions.<br />
:2. ''bhogopabhogaparimana'', vow of limiting consumable and non-consumable things<br />
:3. ''anartha-dandaviramana'', refraining from harmful occupations and activities (purposeless sins).<br />
:'''Śikşā vratas''',{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2012|p=88}} disciplinary vows<br />
:4. ''[[samayika]]'', vow to meditate and concentrate periodically.<br />
:5. ''desavrata'', limiting movement to certain places for a fixed period of time.{{sfn|Vijay K. Jain|2012|p=90}}<br />
:6. ''upvas'', fasting at regular intervals.<br />
:7. ''atihti samvibhag'', vow of offering food to the ascetic and needy people<br />
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== See also ==<br />
*[[Three Jewels|Three Jewels of Buddhism]]<br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
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== Sources ==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
<!-- B --><br />
* {{citation |last=Bailey |first=William |title=The Theological Universe |url={{Google books|G7_GBgAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=Bailey Publishing, PA |date=2012 |isbn=978-1-312-23861-9 }}<br />
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* {{citation |last=Cort |first=John E. |date=2001a |title=Jains in the World : Religious Values and Ideology in India |url={{Google books|PZk-4HOMzsoC|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-513234-2 }}<br />
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* {{citation |last=Fohr |first=Sherry |title=Jainism: A Guide for the Perplexed |url={{Google books|iAXsBQAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}} |year=2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4742-2756-8 }}<br />
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<!-- J --><br />
*{{Citation| author =Champat Rai Jain | year =1917| author-link=Champat Rai Jain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EscwAQAAMAAJ|title=The Practical Path|publisher=The Central Jaina Publishing House}}<br />
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* {{citation | last=Jain |first=Vijay K. | date =2012|title=Acharya Amritchandra's Purushartha Siddhyupaya: Realization of the Pure Self, With Hindi and English Translation |url={{Google books|4iyUu4Fc2-YC|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[Vikalp Printers]] |isbn=978-81-903639-4-5 |quote={{PD-notice}} |ref={{sfnref|Vijay K. Jain|2012}} }}<br />
* {{citation | last=Jaini |first=Padmanabh S. | date =1998 | orig-year =1979 |title=The Jaina Path of Purification |url={{Google books|wE6v6ahxHi8C|plainurl=yes}}|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |location=Delhi |isbn=978-81-208-1578-0 }}<br />
<!-- L --><br />
* {{citation | last =Long | first=Jeffery D. | year =2013 | title =Jainism: An Introduction | publisher =I.B. Tauris |isbn =978-0-85771-392-6}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
* {{citation |last=Sangave |first=Vilas Adinath |author-link=Vilas Adinath Sangave |title=Jain Community: A Social Survey |url={{Google books|FWdWrRGV_t8C|plainurl=yes}} |date=1980 |publisher=[[Popular Prakashan]] |location=Bombay |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-317-12346-3 }}<br />
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{{Jainism Topics}}<br />
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[[Category:Jain philosophical concepts]]</div>Augustine V. Williams