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{{Short description|Indian Jain ascetic (527 BC – 443 BC)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific prefix = Ācārya
| honorific suffix = Mahārāja Sāheb
| religion = [[Jainism]]
| sect = [[Śvetāmbara]]
| initiator = [[Swayamprabhasuri|Ācārya Swayamprabhasuri]]
| successor = Yakshadevasuri
| lineage = of [[Parshvanatha]]
| known_for = Condemnation of [[animal sacrifice]] and creation of [[Oswal|Oswāl]] clan
| honours = Purvadhāri, Śrut Kevalī
| predecessor = [[Swayamprabhasuri]]
| subsect = [[Upkeśa Gaccha]]
| other_name = ''Ratnachudamuni'', ''Ratnaprabhamuni'', ''Ratnachuda Vidyādhara''
| birth_name = Ratnachuda Vidyādhara
| child = Kanakchuda Vidyādhara
| birth_place = Mount Vaitādhya
| birth_date = 527 BC
| death_date = 443 BC
| death_place = [[Palitana temples]]
| image = Acharya Ratnaprabhasuri.jpg
| caption = An idol of Acharya Ratnaprabhasuri at Uvasaggaharam Śvetāmbara Jain Tirth, Chhattisgarh
}}
{{Jainism}}
'''Ratnaprabhasuri''' was a [[Śvetāmbara]] [[Jain]] ascetic and the 6th successor in the lineage of the monastic heads of the ''Chaturvidha Sangha's'' ({{Translation|four-fold congregation}}) [[Upkeśa Gaccha]]. He succeeded [[Swayamprabhasuri]] and is believed to have existed in 6th–5th century BC. He is most well-known as the founder of the [[Oswal|''Oswāl'']] clan of [[Śvetāmbara|Śvetāmbara Jains]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.06227/page/n249/mode/2up |title=Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Vol-19, Issue no.-January–December}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Upadhye |first=A N |title=Jain Bibliography Part 2 |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/016036/59 |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref>

== Birth and initiation ==
As per scriptures of the [[Śvetāmbara]] sect, he is believed to have been born in the 5th century BC in a royal family belonging to the [[Vidyadhara|''Vidyādhara'']] clan as ''Prince Ratnachuda''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Maharaja |first=Gyansundar |title=Oswal Porwal Aur Shreemal Jatiyo Ka Sachitra Prachin Itihas |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/034569/15 |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref> Later on, he became a [[Vidyadhara|''Vidyādhara'']] king. As a member of the [[Vidyadhara|''Vidyādhara'']] clan, he is said to have possessed several ''vidyās'' (magical powers). [[Śvetāmbara]] scriptures have vivid descriptions of [[Vidyadhara|''Vidyādhara'']] kingdoms and legends about the magical powers possessed by the members of this clan.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Maharaj |first=Hastimal |title=Jain Legend Volume 4 |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/007597/162 |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref>

According to legends, [[Swayamprabhasuri]] was once preaching lay followers about renouncing and embracing monkhood, and ''King Ratnachuda'' was flying above him like [[Vidyadhara|''Vidyādharas'']] usually did. ''Ratnachuda'' halted to hear the sermon. Moved by the sermon, the soft-hearted king expressed his will to become a monk. He renounced his wealth and kingdom. His son, ''Kanakchuda'', succeeded him as the next [[Vidyadhara|''Vidyādhara'']] king. With 500 other [[Vidyadhara|''Vidyādharas'']], ''Ratnachuda'' accepted initiation into the ''Jain'' ''sangha'' and was known as ''Ratnachudamuni''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Jaina Sutras, Part II (SBE45): Uttarâdhyayana: Twenty-Third Lecture. Kêsi and Gautama |url=https://sacred-texts.com/jai/sbe45/sbe4525.htm |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

== Monastic lineage ==

According to the 23rd chapter of the [[Uttaradhyayana|Uttaradhyayana Sutra]], an ancient canonical text of the Śvetāmbara sect, [[Kesi (Ganadhara)|Keśiśramanācharya]], the 4th pattadhār in [[Parshvanatha|Parshvanatha's]] lineage, had a conversation with [[Mahavira|Mahavira's]] prime disciple [[Gautama Swami]] about the differences in the teachings of [[Parshvanatha]] and [[Mahavira]]. Disciples of [[Parshvanatha]] wore colored (usually dark-brown) clothes and those of [[Mahavira]] wore seamless white clothes. It is such differences that [[Kesi (Ganadhara)|Keśiśramanācharya]] discusses with [[Gautama Swami]].<ref name=":12"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Muni |first=Ratnaprabhavijay |title=Sramana Bhagwaan Mahavira |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/008006/111 |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref>

The text further states that upon receiving adequately satisfying answers from [[Gautama Swami]], [[Kesi (Ganadhara)|Keśiśramanācharya]] and all his disciples accepted the order of [[Mahavira]] and merged into [[Mahavira|Mahavira's]] ''Chaturvidha Sangha''. Later on, this lineage came to be known as the [[Upkeśa Gaccha]].<ref name="Ghosh">{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=K C |title=Encyclopedia of Jainism |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/011043/808 |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref> Even after the merger, this ''[[gaccha]]'' ({{Translation|administrative sub-sect}}) always maintained its unique identity of being one of [[Parshvanatha|Parshvanatha's]] lineage until its extinction in and around 1930 AD. Ratnaprabhasuri was the 6th head of the [[Upkeśa Gaccha]] after Ganadhara Shubhadatt, Arya Haridattsuri, Arya Samudrasuri, [[Kesi (Ganadhara)|Keśiśramanācharya]] and [[Swayamprabhasuri]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":12"/><ref name="Ghosh"/>

== Ascetic life ==
Just like his preceptor [[Swayamprabhasuri]], he is also said to have been well-versed with the ''Dvādaśāṅga'' ({{Translation|12 aṅgas}}) and the 14 ''purvas'' of the Jain canon. He is, considered to have known the complete canon, making him one of the ''Śrut Kevalīs''. Since he knew the 14 ''purvas'', he is considered to have been a ''Purvadhāri'' as well. The full text of 12th ''aṅga [[Drstivada]]'' including the 14 ''purvas'' is completely lost now''.''<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

According to a non-canonical [[Śvetāmbara]] text ''"Upkeśa Gaccha Caritra"'' ({{translation|Biography of the [[Upkeśa Gaccha]]}}) of the [[Śvetāmbara]] sect, 52 years after [[Mahavira|Mahavira's]] ''[[nirvana]]'', Swayamprabhasuri consecrated ''Ratnachudamuni'' as the next [[Acharya (Jainism)|acharya]] ({{Translation|head of the monastic order}}) of [[Upkeśa Gaccha]] and named him ''Ācārya Ratnaprabhasuri''.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Maharaj |first=Hastimal |title=Jain Legend Volume 2 |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/007595/153 |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=G C |title=Jain Thought and Culture |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/011055/73 |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref>

He became the 6th ''pattadhār'' ({{translation|head of the monastic order}}) in the 23rd [[tirthankara]] [[Parshvanatha|Parshvanatha's]] lineage. Therefore, unlike most Jain ascetics today who trace their lineage to the 24th Tirthankara [[Mahavira]], Ratnaprabhasuri traces his monastic lineage to the 23rd Tirthankara [[Parshvanatha]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":12"/>

Scriptures describing his life mention that he helped eliminate violent practices of [[Animal sacrifice in Hinduism|animal sacrifice]] in the name of religion, especially the rituals of ''[[Shaktism]]'' in several regions, with his efforts at [[Osian, Jodhpur|Osian]] being the most popular and recognized.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Bhupraj |title=Jain Vidyalaya Granth |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/012030/281 |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Carrithers |first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LW8czr_HzzwC&q=%22ratnaprabha%20suri%22%20-wikipedia |title=The Assembly of Listeners: Jains in Society |last2=Humphrey |first2=Caroline |date=1991-04-04 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-36505-5 |language=en}}</ref>

== Creation of the 'Oswāl clan' ==

=== History of Upkeśapattan (or ''Osian'') ===
Ratnaprabhasuri's preceptor [[Swayamprabhasuri]] had converted King Jayasena, the ruler of ''[[Bhinmal|Śrīmal]]'', into a devout Jain [[Śrāvaka (Jainism)|''Śrāvaka'']]. The king had two sons, namely ''Bhīmasena'' and ''Chandrasena.'' The former was a devout [[Shaivism|''Shaiva'']] and the latter a devout [[Jainism|Jain]]. Since ''Bhīmasena'' was older than ''Chandrasena'', he acceded to the throne after the king's death. Injustice to Jains became commonplace. All Jains, along with ''Chandrasena'' moved towards [[Mount Abu]], and established a new town named ''Chandrāvati'' with ''Chandrasena'' as their ruler. ''Chandrasena'' constructed 300 Jain temples at ''Chandravati'', the consecration of which was performed by [[Swayamprabhasuri]]. Meanwhile, ''Bhīmasena'' was regretting his decision. He also changed the name of ''[[Bhinmal|Śrīmal]]'' to ''[[Bhinmal]]. Bhīmasena'' had two sons, namely ''Shrīpunja'' and ''Uppaldeva''. Due to internal disputes, ''Uppaldeva'' left the kingdom to establish a kingdom on his own. He established the town of ''Upkeśapattan'' near modern-day [[Jodhpur]]. Later, this town came to be known as [[Osian, Jodhpur|''Osian'']]. Several householders from various towns and villages moved to ''Upkeśapattan''. The merchants of the town did well and the town flourished.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2020-09-14 |title=Jainism before Shraman Bhagwan Mahavira? - Jainavenue |url=https://jainavenue.org/origins-of-porwal-pragwat-shrawak-varg/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Ratnaprabhasuri's penance near Upkeśapattan ===

[[File:Ratnaprabhasuri_at_Lunaadri_Hill.png|thumb|Ratnaprabhasuri and his 500 disciples doing a month-long fast and penance at Lunaadri hill near Osian]]
According to a legend, in 457 BC, Ratnaprabhasuri was at [[Mount Abu]], and demi-goddess [[Chakreshvari]] appeared before him and urged him to spread the word of [[Jainism]] and save animals from religious violence in [[Maru Pradesh]]. She said that [[Swayamprabhasuri]] could not go beyond [[Bhinmal|Śrīmal]] and [[Porwal|Chandravati]]. He agreed to her and started moving towards [[Rajasthan]] with his 500 disciples. Upon reaching, he and his disciples started a month-long penance on a small hill just outside the town. When it was time to break the fast, his disciples entered the town to beg for alms. They could not find food '[[Ācārāṅga Sūtra|free from 42 faults]]' as all residents of the town worshipped [[Chamunda]], performed [[Animal sacrifice in Hinduism|animal sacrifice]], and consumed food unfit for Jain monks. In such situation, it was getting difficult for monks to survive and Ratnaprabhasuri ordered all his disciples to begin moving to another city.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ&q=ratnaprabha+suri |title=A History of Rajasthan |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa & Company |isbn=978-81-291-0890-6 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Ratnaprabhasuri's chaturmasya at Upkeśapattan ===

Legends say that demi-goddesses [[Chamunda]] and [[Chakreshvari]] are friendly to one another. Due to this relationship between them and knowing that the monks sent by [[Chakreshvari]] were going away, [[Chamunda]] met Ratnaprabhasuri and urged him to stay for [[Chaturmasya|c''haturmasya'']]. He ordered monks who would not be able to perform severe penance to start walking towards another town. 465 monks left and 35 monks stayed with him.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" />

Uppaldeva's daughter ''Saubhāgyadevi'' was married to his minister Uhada's son. He was bitten by a snake and all forms of treatment did not help revive him. When he was being taken for cremation, Chamunda took the form of a white-clad Jain monk and told the people that he was still alive and then disappeared.<ref name=":11">{{Cite book |last=Cort |first=John E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E88RC8Eox2YC&q=ratnaprabha |title=Open Boundaries: Jain Communities and Cultures in Indian History |date=1998-01-01 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-3785-8 |language=en}}</ref> When Uppaldeva heard this, he and the others took his son-in-law to Ratnaprabhasuri. The water collected after washing Ratnaprabhasuri's feet was splashed on the prince's face and he was instantly revived. The king felt indebted to Ratnaprabhasuri and gifted him valuables. However, the latter denied stating that he had given up his kingdom at ''Mount Vaitādhya'' to become a monk. He said that he would not accept any such materialistic repayment. The people requested him to deliver a sermon.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

=== Ratnaprabhasuri's sermon ===

[[File:Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Osian_town.png|thumb|Ratnaprabhasuri converts Utpaldeva and residents of Osian into Jains]]
He delivered an impactful sermon on the various bodies a soul wanders in and how rare a birth a human is. He emphasized that in such a rare state, one should perform acts of righteousness and embrace non-violence. He then preached about the [[Śvetāmbara|twelve vows of householders]] and [[Five Vows|five vows of Jain monks]] that lead to [[Ratnatraya]] and eventual [[moksha]]. He condemned the consumption of alcohol and meat sternly and on giving up animal sacrifice. He also insisted upon embracing non-violence.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panagariya |first=Arvind |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=184qEAAAQBAJ&q=ratnaprabha%20suri%20-wikipedia |title=My Father: The Extraordinary Life of an Ordinary Man |date=2021-05-25 |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-93-5422-293-1 |language=en}}</ref> Further, he preached about establishing [[Jain temple]]s, installing icons of [[Tirthankara]]s, and worshipping them regularly. Everyone regretted their acts of violence the moment his sermon ended. All residents of the town, along with King Uppaldeva accepted [[Jainism]] wholeheartedly.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Chagganlal |title=Jaino Ka Itihas Darshan Vyavahar Evam Vaignanik Adhar |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/002322/66 |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref>

=== Ratnaprabhasuri's debate with Brahmins ===

[[Shaivism|Shaiva Brahmins]] were infuriated looking at the influence of Ratnaprabhasuri on the residents of the town. They demanded a ''Śāstrārtha'' ({{Translation|debate on religious ideologies and scriptures}}). Ratnaprabhasuri and his 35 disciples agreed to it. The Brahmins began by stating the lack of devotion in Jains and questioning Jainism's antiquity. Ratnaprabhasuri's disciple ''Vīrdhawalopādhyāya'' countered this claim by stating accounts of Jainism in the Brahmin scriptures. Ratnaprabhasuri concluded the debate stating that they have no benefit in people accepting or rejecting Jainism and that it is their moral duty to spread the word of Jainism. Brahmins eventually lost the debate and the entire town converted to Jainism. Several Jain temples were established several icons were consecrated. Ratnaprabhasuri also wrote several non-canonical scriptures such as ''Tattvamimansa'', ''Tattvavichār'' etc.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

=== Establishment of Osian's 'Mahavira Temple' ===

{{Main|Mahavira Jain temple, Osian}}
Uppaladeva's minister Uhada was already establishing a temple dedicated to [[Vishnu]]. However, the construction was being hindered. Ratnaprabhasuri suggested him to construct it with [[Mahavira]] as the principal deity. The temple was ready. The residents of the town asked Ratnaprabhasuri about an icon to consecrate. He knew that [[Chamunda]] was preparing one using sand and the milk of a cow, so he asked the residents to keep patience. According to scriptural and local legends, one day, the cowherd saw his cow discharging milk at a part in the village. He informed Minister Uhada and the latter dug the land there. He found an idol of the 24th [[Tirthankara]] [[Mahavira]]. They urged Ratnaprabhasuri to consecrate this idol in the temple.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book |last=Handa |first=Devendra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rJocAAAAMAAJ&q=ratnaprabha%20suri%20osian%20-wikipedia |title=Osian: History, Archaeology, Art & Architecture |date=1984 |publisher=Sundeep |isbn=978-0-89684-362-2 |language=en}}</ref> However, the preceptor knew that the idol was unfinished and needed 7 more days to be completely sculpted by the demi-goddess. However, looking at the excitement and devotion among the people, he allowed digging and taking the idol out. [[Chamunda]] was angered by this and forced every householder to sacrifice one goat and every household to sacrifice one buffalo every day during the 9 days of the [[Navaratri]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":14">{{Cite book |last=Kalia |first=Asha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3n-sycLo3XQC&dq=ratnaprabha%20suri%20osian%20-wikipedia&pg=PA1 |title=Art of Osian Temples: Socio-economic and Religious Life in India, 8th-12th Centuries A.D. |date=1982 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-0-391-02558-5 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Conversion of Chāmundā into 'Sacchiya Mātā' ===
{{Main|Sachiya Mata Temple}}
[[File:Ratnaprabhasuri_converts_Chamunda.png|thumb|Ratnaprabhasuri converts Chamunda into Sacciya Mata]]
After a lengthy sermon by Ratnaprabhasuri, ''Chāmundā'' realized that violence was not the correct way and attained the [[Ratnatraya]]. She became a samyaktvi (one of right faith, knowledge, and conduct) demi-goddess. She was renamed to Sacchiya Mātā by Ratnaprabhasuri and was consecrated as the ''adhiśthāyikā'' ({{Translation|protecting deity}}) of the [[Mahavira Jain temple, Osian]]. A shrine dedicated to her was also constructed on the small hill where Ratnaprabhasuri had performed penance.<ref name=":14" /> Later, the idol of [[Mahavira]] was consecrated.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":11" />

=== Establishment of the 'Oswāl clan' ===

The residents of the town insisted upon Ratnaprabhasuri to name their clan different from ''[[Bhinmal|Śrīmalis]]'' and ''Porvāls.'' Ratnaprabhasuri named the clan ''Oswāl''.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Dodhia |first=Rati |title=Rise and Glory History of Halari Visa Oshwals |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/007575/45 |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Baya |first=D S |title=Oswals and Other Jains of Rajasthan |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/250235/2 |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sangve |first=Vilas |title=Jaina Community, a Social Survey |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/007019/110 |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref> They were strict adherents of the [[Śvetāmbara]] sect.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jHQMAQAAMAAJ&q=%22ratnaprabha%20suri%22%20%22oswal%22%20-wikipedia |title=India's Communities |date=1998 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Ravindra K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AYDXAAAAMAAJ&q=ratnaprabha%20suri%20osian%20-wikipedia |title=The Universe as Audience: Metaphor and Community Among the Jains of North India |date=1999 |publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study |isbn=978-81-85952-64-2 |language=en}}</ref> A poetic version of the legend was also written by a later monk belonging to the [[Upkeśa Gaccha]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Granthmala |first=Ratnaprabhakar |title=Upkesh Vansh |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/034649/1 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=jainqq.org}}</ref>

== Death and legacy ==
[[File:Ratnaprabhasuri_at_Palitana.png|thumb|Ratnaprabhasuri fasts and dies at Palitana]]
Just like his preceptor [[Swayamprabhasuri]], he went to [[Palitana]] and performed ''[[Sallekhana]]'' and died after a month-long fast at the age of 84 in 443 BC.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chanchreek |first1=K. L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ocRAQAAIAAJ&q=ratnaprabha%20suri%20osian%20-wikipedia |title=Jaina Social Life: Ancient and Medieval India |last2=Jaina |first2=Maheśa |date=2004 |publisher=Shree Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-88658-62-6 |language=en}}</ref> Before he died, he consecrated ''Vīrdhawalopādhyāya'' as the next head of the monastic order of [[Upkeśa Gaccha]] and named him ''Yakshadevasuri''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
Ratnaprabhasuri is the subject of several non-canonical [[Śvetāmbara]] scriptures such as Ratnaprabhasuri's (a later monk and not the subject of this article) ''"Upkeśa Gaccha Caritra"'' ({{translation|Biography of the [[Upkeśa Gaccha]]}}) as well as the ''[[pattavali]]'' of Upkeśa Gaccha that is mentioned in [[Vijayanandsuri|Vijayanandsuri's]] ''Ajnāna-timira-bhāskara'', which was also translated by renowned Indologist and professor A. F. Rudolph Hoernle.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gandhi |first=Virachand |title=Chicago Prashnottar |url=https://www.jainfoundation.in/JAINLIBRARY/books/Chicago_Prashnottar_007301_std.pdf}}</ref> These and other similar biographical scriptures called [[Pattavali|''pattavali caritras'']] describe his ascetic life and life as a king in great detail. It is said that Ratnaprabhasuri was one of the most impactful [[Śvetāmbara]] Jain monks, given the success of the [[Oswal|Oswal clan]].<ref name=":0" />

Several scholars have studied his life, seeing him as a crucial figure in the history and culture of [[Jainism]] because he is considered to be the founder of the [[Oswal|''Oswāl'']] clan. Today, roughly three-fourths of [[Śvetāmbara]] Jains belong to the [[Oswal|''Oswāl'']] clan.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3m-J50FHmGcC&dq=upkesh%20gachh%20-wikipedia&pg=PA94 |title=History of Oswals |publisher=Panchshil Publications |isbn=978-81-923730-2-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":13" />

His monastic lineage and ancestry came to be known as [[Upkeśa Gaccha]] only after his efforts at ''Osian'', which was also known as ''Upkeśapattan'' or ''Upkeśapur''.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" />

In veneration to him, his footprints have been installed at [[Dilwara Temples]] and [[Mahavira Jain temple, Osian]].

== See also ==

* [[Uttaradhyayana|Uttaradhyayana Sutra]]
* [[Tapa Gaccha]]
* [[Hiravijaya]]suri
* [[Sudharmaswami]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Jain Gurus}}
{{Jainism topics}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian Jain writers]]
[[Category:Indian Jain monks]]
[[Category:Prakrit literature]]
[[Category:Śvetāmbara monks]]
[[Category:Jain acharyas]]

Ratnaprabhasuri - Revision history

DyanLeMessurier: created a article...