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{{short description|City in Maharashtra, India}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More sources|date=February 2026}}
{{Cleanup|reason=The article needs to be rewritten to be made more encyclopedic|date=February 2026}}
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{{other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ratnagiri
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = Thibaw Palace in Ratnagiri 02.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Thibaw Palace
| nickname =
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=y|type=shape-inverse|id=Q1191|frame-width=370|frame-height=300|stroke-width=3|frame-lat=18.92|frame-long=76.68|zoom=6|type2=point|coord2={{coord|16|59|40|N|73|18|00|E}}|marker-size2=medium}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Maharashtra
| coordinates = {{coord|16|59|40|N|73|18|00|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Maharashtra.svg}} [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Konkan Division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal council]]
| governing_body = Ratnagiri Municipal Council
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank = City
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 11
| population_total = 327,120
| population_as_of = 2018
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802875-ratnagiri.html|title=Ratnagiri City Population Census 2011 – Maharashtra|website=Census2011.co.in|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Ratnagirikar, Ratnakar, Girikar
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 415612, 415639
| area_code = 02352
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MH]]
| registration_plate = MH-08
| website = {{URL|www.ratnagiri.nic.in}}
| footnotes = |
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| official_name =
}}
[[File:Temple of Lord MahaLakshmi.jpg|thumb|Bhagwati temple]]
'''Ratnagiri''' ([[IAST]]:Ratnāgirī ; [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː]]]) is a [[port]] city on the [[Arabian Sea]] in [[Ratnagiri District]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ratnagiri.nic.in/distGazette/Part2.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210151337/http://ratnagiri.nic.in/distGazette/Part2.pdf |title=RATNAGIRI DISTRICT 91 Poisonous|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-02-10|date=2012-02-10|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref> in southwestern [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. The district is part of the [[Konkan]] division of Maharashtra. Known for the [[Alphonso mango|Hapus]] or [[Alphonso (mango)|Alphonso]] mangoes, it is sometimes colloquially referred to as the "Mango City".

Ratnagiri is the birthplace of [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] activist [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak|Lokmanya Tilak]].<ref>{{citation |last1=Bhagwat |first1=A.K. |last2=Pradhan |first2=G.P. |title=Lokmanya Tilak – A Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bYfMbCXyc3kC |year=2015 |publisher=Jaico Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7992-846-2 }}</ref> [[Thibaw Min|Thibaw]], the last king of [[Myanmar|Burma]], alongside his consort [[Supayalat]] and two infant daughters, was exiled to a two-story brick mansion in Ratnagiri in the late 19th century.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Christian|first=John LeRoy|year=1944|title=Thebaw: Last King of Burma|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|volume=3|issue=4|publisher=Association for Asian Studies|pages=309–312|doi=10.2307/2049030|jstor=2049030|s2cid=162578447 }}</ref> The building is now known as Thibaw Palace.

== History ==
{{Section rewrite|it reads more like an essay.|date=January 2025}}
Archaeological evidence suggests the area around Ratnagiri has been settled for at least 12,000 years. It served as the administrative capital under the [[Sultanate of Bijapur]], with its strategic location making it an important military and trade center. The [[Ratnadurg Fort]], originally built by the Bijapur Sultanate, was reconstructed by Maratha king [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]] in 1670, who turned it into a key coastal defense post.

In 1731, Ratnagiri came under the control of the Kingdom of Satara, marking the beginning of its integration into the [[Maratha Empire]]. Following the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]], the British annexed Ratnagiri to [[British India]] in 1818, further embedding it into the colonial structure.

Ratnagiri holds significant cultural importance as the birthplace of Indian freedom fighter [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak|Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], born on 23 July 1856.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birthplace of Lokmanya Tilak {{!}} District Ratnagiri, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India |url=https://ratnagiri.gov.in/tourist-place/birthplace-of-lokmanya-tilak/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> Tilak, an influential leader in India’s struggle for independence from the British, moved to [[Pune]] with his family at the age of 10. His early years in Ratnagiri influenced his later revolutionary thoughts.

The city was also a place of exile for [[Thibaw Min|King Thibaw]] of Burma after the British Empire annexed his country. In 1886, King Thibaw, along with his family, was exiled to Ratnagiri, where he lived the rest of his life under British surveillance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-23 |title=The last king of Burma in Ratnagiri |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/know/the-last-king-of-burma-in-ratnagiri/article9440400.ece |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> His residence, the Thibaw Palace, still stands as a symbol of this chapter in the city’s history.{{fact|date=November 2024}}

Furthermore, [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] was confined in Ratnagiri from 1921 to 1935, first in prison and then under local confinement. His time in Ratnagiri played a pivotal role in shaping his revolutionary ideologies.{{fact|date=November 2024}}

Today, Ratnagiri is known not only for its historical significance but also for its agricultural contributions, especially the famous [[Alphonso mango|Alphonso mangoes]], and its growing role as a cultural and educational hub in Maharashtra.{{fact|date=November 2024}}

== Geography ==
Ratnagiri is located at {{Coord|16.98|N|73.3|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/16/Ratnagiri.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Ratnagiri, India|website=Faiingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 11 meters (36 feet). The [[Sahyadri]] mountains border Ratnagiri to the east.

=== Climate ===
The climate is a [[tropical monsoon climate]] (Koppen: Am), with the monsoon providing heavy rain between June and October, with the rest of the year warm and dry, devoid of any rainfall.

{{Weather box|width=auto
| location = Ratnagiri (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 37.3
| Feb record high C = 39.4
| Mar record high C = 40.6
| Apr record high C = 37.5
| May record high C = 37.8
| Jun record high C = 39.0
| Jul record high C = 32.8
| Aug record high C = 34.2
| Sep record high C = 36.1
| Oct record high C = 37.5
| Nov record high C = 38.1
| Dec record high C = 37.2
| year record high C = 40.6
| Jan high C = 32.0
| Feb high C = 32.0
| Mar high C = 32.3
| Apr high C = 32.6
| May high C = 33.3
| Jun high C = 30.8
| Jul high C = 29.0
| Aug high C = 28.9
| Sep high C = 29.7
| Oct high C = 32.4
| Nov high C = 34.0
| Dec high C = 33.0
| year high C = 31.6
|Jan mean C = 25.0
|Feb mean C = 25.5
|Mar mean C = 26.9
|Apr mean C = 28.5
|May mean C = 29.5
|Jun mean C = 27.6
|Jul mean C = 26.6
|Aug mean C = 26.5
|Sep mean C = 26.5
|Oct mean C = 27.7
|Nov mean C = 27.5
|Dec mean C = 26.1
| Jan low C = 18.4
| Feb low C = 19.1
| Mar low C = 21.6
| Apr low C = 24.3
| May low C = 26.0
| Jun low C = 24.8
| Jul low C = 24.3
| Aug low C = 24.1
| Sep low C = 23.7
| Oct low C = 23.4
| Nov low C = 21.9
| Dec low C = 19.8
| year low C = 22.7
| Jan record low C = 11.5
| Feb record low C = 11.6
| Mar record low C = 14.4
| Apr record low C = 16.1
| May record low C = 20.8
| Jun record low C = 19.2
| Jul record low C = 18.4
| Aug record low C = 20.6
| Sep record low C = 20.4
| Oct record low C = 17.7
| Nov record low C = 15.4
| Dec record low C = 13.9
| year record low C = 11.5
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 0.3
| Feb rain mm = 0.0
| Mar rain mm = 0.2
| Apr rain mm = 1.4
| May rain mm = 38.3
| Jun rain mm = 901.8
| Jul rain mm = 1041.7
| Aug rain mm = 678.1
| Sep rain mm = 416.4
| Oct rain mm = 149.4
| Nov rain mm = 15.1
| Dec rain mm = 2.1
| year rain mm = 3245.0
| Jan rain days = 0.1
| Feb rain days = 0.0
| Mar rain days = 0.0
| Apr rain days = 0.2
| May rain days = 2.2
| Jun rain days = 20.0
| Jul rain days = 26.2
| Aug rain days = 24.7
| Sep rain days = 15.1
| Oct rain days = 6.4
| Nov rain days = 1.0
| Dec rain days = 0.2
| year rain days = 96.1
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 54
| Feb humidity = 56
| Mar humidity = 62
| Apr humidity = 66
| May humidity = 67
| Jun humidity = 81
| Jul humidity = 86
| Aug humidity = 85
| Sep humidity = 81
| Oct humidity = 73
| Nov humidity = 61
| Dec humidity = 55
|year humidity = 69
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = 8 April 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web|access-date=10 April 2020 |archive-date=5 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |date=January 2015 |pages=663–664 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |title=Station: Ratnagiri Climatological Table 1981–2010 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |work=Climatological Normals 1981–2010}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M152
| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref>
|source 2 = Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref name=TCC1>
{{cite web
| url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=43110
| title = Normals Data: Ratnagiri – India Latitude: 16.98°N Longitude: 73.33°E Height: 90 (m)
| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency
| access-date = 1 December 2022}}</ref>
}}

== Government and politics ==
The Ratnagiri Municipality was established in 1876.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/RATNAGIRI/places_Ratnagiri.html |title=gazetteer RATNAGIRI (Archived copy) |access-date=15 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221123950/http://maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/RATNAGIRI/places_Ratnagiri.html |archive-date=21 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Office of the President of the Council was occupied by Mr. Pradeep Salvi of the Shivsena, before it got dismissed due to the completion of the Term. Currently, the Office of the Council President remains vacant with the Administrator and the Chief Officer being in charge of the Municipal Administration.

[[Ratnagiri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]:

[[Uday Samant]] ([[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]]), The Incumbent Cabinet Minister of Industries Uday Samant [[Government of Maharashtra]] represents the Ratnagiri constituency in State Assembly since 2004, and has been appointed as the Guardian Minister of the Ratnagiri.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ratnagiri.gov.in/gallery/guardian-minister-hon-uday-samant-inspected-the-damaged-area-of-chanderai/ |title=Guardian Minister Hon. Uday Samant inspected the damaged area of Chanderai | District Ratnagiri, Government of Maharashtra | India }}</ref>

[[Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg (Lok Sabha constituency)]]:

[[Narayan Rane]] ([[BJP]]) represents the [[Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg]] constituency in [[Lok Sabha]], lower house of the parliament since 2024.

== Transport ==
=== Road ===
Ratnagiri is well connected to the other parts of the state and country by National Highways & State Highways. National Highways [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH 66]] ([[Panvel]] – [[Edappally|Edapally]]), [[National Highway 166 (India)|NH 166]] (Ratnagiri – [[Nagpur]]) and Coastal Highway (Rewas – Reddy) pass through the city. [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation|MSRTC]] operates bus services to [[Mumbai]], [[Thane]], [[Vasai]], [[Nala Sopara]], [[Kalyan]], [[Bhiwandi]], [[Pune]], [[Panaji]], [[Nanded]], [[Latur]], [[Tuljapur]], [[Akkalkot]], [[Ambajogai]], [[Beed]], [[Kolhapur]], [[Bhudargad|Gargoti]], [[Gadhinglaj]], [[Narsobawadi|Nrushimhawadi]], [[Ichalkaranji]], [[Sangli]], [[Miraj]], [[Tasgaon]], [[Jat, Sangli|Jat]], [[Uran Islampur|Islampur]], [[Satara (city)|Satara]], [[Belgaum]], [[Hubli]], [[Bijapur]] and other major towns of the state. [[North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation]] also operates buses from Belgaum, Bijapur, Gulbarga, Indi, Muddebihal, Sindgi, Athani, Jevargi and Talikota. Several private buses regularly ply for [[Mumbai]] and [[Pune]] and a few for [[Kolhapur]], [[Bijapur]].

=== Railways ===
[[Ratnagiri railway station|Ratnagiri]] is a major Railhead on [[Konkan Railway]] route. [[Ratnagiri railway division|Ratnagiri]] is also one of the two divisions of [[Konkan Railway Corporation]]. The city is well connected to [[Mumbai]], [[New Delhi]], [[Amritsar]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Dehradun]], [[Jaipur]], [[Jodhpur]], [[Bikaner]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Vadodara]], [[Surat]], [[Bhuj]], [[Indore]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Patna]], [[Nagpur]], [[Pune]], [[Margao]], [[Mangalore]], [[Kochi]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kanyakumari]], [[Coimbatore]] and other major towns of the country. Every train passing through the city halts here. Connectivity to western Maharashtra is proposed through [[Vaibhavwadi Road railway station|Vaibhavwadi Road]] – [[Kolhapur]] route.

== See also ==
*[[Chiplun]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline}}
{{Wikivoyage}}

{{Maharashtra}}
{{Ancient Dharmic centres of Higher Learning}}

[[Category:Ratnagiri]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the Arabian Sea]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in India]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Ratnagiri district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Konkan]]
[[Category:Cities in Maharashtra]]

Ratnagiri - Revision history

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