Vivek.Dantkale at 06:49, 7 May 2026

2026-05-07T06:49:43Z

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{{Short description|Language spoken in Utrarakhand in India}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Rathwali
| pushpin_map = Uttarakhand#India
| glottorefname = Rathi
| glotto = rath1241
| iso3 =
| coordinates = {{coord|30.020775|N|79.049420|E|display=inline}}
| pushpin_map_alt = Rathi is spoken in Uttarakhand, in the north of India
| pushpin_map_caption = Rathi-speaking area
| fam5 = [[Central Pahari]]
| nativename = राठवाली राठी
| fam4 = [[Northern Indo-Aryan languages|Northern]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| familycolor = Indo-European
| region = [[Uttarakhand]]
| states = [[India]]
| image = Rathwali.png
| fam6 = [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]]
}}

'''Rathwali''' (''rāṭhavālī'') or '''Rathi''' is spoken in the north of [[Salani dialect|Salani]] throughout the centre of the District of Garhwal, over the greater parts of the Chandpur and Dewalgarh Parganas today's [[Thalisain|Thailisain]] block and sorrounding areas <ref>https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32110</ref> in [[Pauri Garhwal district|Pauri Garhwal]] district of [[Uttarakhand]] state. Currently it has been classified as a dialect under [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4|year=1916|pages=315|language=English}}</ref> belonging to the [[Central Pahari]] group(as per Grierson). It is the language of the Khasiyas.

==Grammar==

'''<big>Gender :</big>'''

Rules for gender are same as Srinagaria.

'''<big>Number :</big>'''

Tadbhava masc. nouns which end with a in Hindi, in Rathwali end with o. However some exceptions exist.

'''<big>Cases :</big>'''
{| class="wikitable"
|+Cases<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4|year=1916|pages=312–313|language=English}}</ref>
!Case
!
|-
|agent
|न, ल
|-
|accusative
|गणी
|-
|instrumental
|न, ल
|-
|dative
|गणी(to), खुणी(to) थां(to), कूं(for)
|-
|ablative
|गणी(from), मकोई(from), बटी(from)
उण्डे(out of), मांय-ल(among), से , ते
|-
|genitive
|को
|-
|locative
|मा(in, into), माँ(in, into), गणी(in), पार(on), तल(below)
|}
'''<big>Adjectives :</big>'''

Follows same rules as Srinagaria, however the final a is changed into a.

'''<big>Pronouns</big> :'''
{| class="wikitable"
|+Personal<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4|year=1916|pages=313–314|language=English}}</ref>
!
!sing.
!pul.
|-
|nom.
|mi, mi
tu,tu
|ham, hamu
tum,tumu
|-
|ag,
|mi-la, mai-la
ti-la, twe- la
|hamu-la, ham-na
tumu-la, tum-na
|-
|gen.
|mero, myoro
|tero, tyoro
|-
|obl.
|mai, mi, mi
tai, ti, twa
|ham, hamu
tum, tumu
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Demonstrative<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4|year=1916|pages=314|language=English}}</ref>
!
!sing.
!pul.
|-
|nom.
|yo
wo
|yo,yu
wo,wu
|-
|obl.
|yai
wai, we,wi
|wo, wu
un, wun, u, wu
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Relative<ref name=":0"/>
!
!sing.
!pul.
|-
|nom.
|jo, ju
|jo
|-
|obl.
|jai, je
|jau
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Correlative<ref name=":0"/>
!
!sing.
!pul.
|-
|nom.
|so
|so
|-
|obl.
|tai, te
|tau
|}
'''Reflexive Pronoun is aaphu'''

'''<big>Conjugation :</big>'''

'''Auxiliary Verbs & Verbs Substantive'''
{| class="wikitable"
|+Present<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4|year=1916|pages=315–316|language=English}}</ref>
!
!sing.
!pul.
|-
|I am
|chhū, chhaū
|chhawā
|-
|thou art
|chhai,chhaī
|chhavu
|-
|he is
|chha, cha
|chhī
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Past <ref>{{Cite book|last=Grierson|first=George Abraham|title=Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4|year=1916|pages=316|language=English}}</ref>
!
!sing.
!pul.
|-
|was
|chhayō(masc)
chhayā(fem)
|chhōyō(masc)
chhāyā
|}

== Comparative analysis ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Words
![[Srinagaria dialect|Srinagaria]]
!Rathwali
!Translation
|-
|Bal
|Latula
|Hair
|-
|Baba te
|Babu gani
|To a father/from a father
|-
|Lokhar
|Luho
|Iron
|-
|Nauno/Nauni
|Laudo/Laudi
|Boy/Girl
|-
|Hondo
|Honnu
|Being
|-
|Janaani
|Siani
|Woman
|-
|Ghar
|Kudo
|House
|-
|Khado ho
|Thado ho
|Stand up
|-
|Door
|Tada
|Far
|-
|Agadi/Pichhadi
|Aghin/Pachhin
|After/Before
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Family and person terms<ref>Grierson, George Abraham (1916). ''Linguistic Survey of India'', Vol. IX, Part IV: Central Pahari. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India.</ref>
! English !! [[Srinagaria dialect|Srinagaria]]!! [[Rathwali dialect|Rathwali]]!! [[Tehriyali dialect|Tehriyali]]
|-
| Man ||Mankhi ||Manakha || Mans, Manakhi, Manas
|-
| Woman || Janani || Siani || Janani, bairan, kajan
|-
| Wife || Swain, janani || Sain, swin || Swain
|-
| Child || Nauno || Lauro || Nauno
|-
| Son || Nauno || Lauro || Larik, nauno
|-
| Daughter || Nauni || Lauri || Beṭi, nauni
|-
| Father || Baba || Baba, buba || Baba, buba
|-
| Mother || Boi || Boi || Boi, ija
|-
| Brother || Bhai, dada (elder), bhula (younger) || Bhai || Bhai (general), dada (elder), bhula (younger)
|-
| Sister || Bain, didi (elder), bhuli (younger) || Bain || Baini, bain (general), didi (elder), bhuli (younger)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Phrases
![[Srinagaria dialect|Srinagaria]]
!Rathwali
!Translation
|-
|mai marda
|mai mannu
|I beat
|-
|tu mardi
|tu marni
|thou beatest
|-
|wo mard
|wo marn
|he beats
|-
|ham maarda
|ham maarnu
|we beat
|-
|tum marda
|tum maarni
|you beat
|-
|wo mardin
|wo maani
|they beat
|-
|main maare
|mi la maara
|I beat(past)
|-
|tin maare
|ti la maara
|thou beatest
(past)
|-
|wain maare
|wa la maara
|he beat(past)
|-
|haman maare
|hamu la maara
|we beat (past)
|-
|tuman maare
|tumu la maara
|you beat(past)
|-
|un maare
|wunoon la maare
|they beat(past)
|-
|mai maarnu chhaun
|mi manu chhaun
|I am beating
|-
|mai marnu chhayo
|mi maarno chhoyo
|I was beating
|-
|main maaryun chhayo
|mai la maaryala
|I had beaten
|-
|main maaroon
|mi maaroon
|I may beat
|-
|main maarulo
|mi marulo
|I shall beat
|-
|tu marilo
|tu maril
|thou wilt beat
|-
|wo marlo
|wo marul
|he will beat
|-
|ham maarla
|ham maala
|we shall beat
|-
|tum marilya
|tum malya
|you will beat
|-
|wo maarla
|wo maala
|they will beat
|}

== Script & specimen ==
[[File:Sample of Rathi.jpg|thumb|Sample of Rathi from Grierson's book|center]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Uttarakhand}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Languages of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Dialects of Garhwali]]

Rathwali dialect - Revision history

Vivek.Dantkale at 06:49, 7 May 2026