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{{About|the 1978 film|the novel|Rathinirvedam (novel)|the 2011 film|Rathinirvedam (2011 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rathinirvedam
| image = Rathi Nirvedam.jpg
| caption = CD Cover
| director = [[Bharathan]]
| producer = Hari Pothan
| screenplay = [[P. Padmarajan]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Rathinirvedam (novel)|Rathinirvedam]]''|P. Padmarajan}}
| starring = [[Jayabharathi]]<br>[[Krishnachandran]]
| music = [[Devarajan]]
| cinematography = [[Ramachandra Babu]]
| editing = [[K. Narayanan]]
| studio = Supriya Creations
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1978|3|8|df=y}}
| runtime = 124 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Rathinirvedam''''' ({{Translation|Adolescent desire}}) is a 1978 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[erotic film]] directed by [[Bharathan]] and written by [[P. Padmarajan]] based on his own [[Rathinirvedam (novel)|novel of the same name]]. The plot revolves around a teenager, Pappu ([[Krishnachandran]]), who is sexually attracted to an older woman, Rathi ([[Jayabharathi]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=Local_News&subsection=Qatar+News&month=May2006&file=Local_News2006052033716.xml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809193527/http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=Local_News&subsection=Qatar+News&month=May2006&file=Local_News2006052033716.xml |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 August 2009 |title=Nilolsavam to be staged on Thursday |publisher=The Peninsula On-line: Qatar's leading English Daily |access-date=25 July 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The story-line of the film miffed many for its sensitive portrayal of the lead as well as garnered appreciation for its narrative. It is said to have redefined the art of movie making in South India, and hence regarded as a landmark in [[Cinema of India|Indian film history]]. The film was also one of the biggest box office hits in [[Kerala]]'s history. It inspires similar productions all over South India, even decades after its release.

==Plot==
{{more plot|date=August 2020}}
The story takes place in a small village surrounded by hills and valleys. Young Pappu, a teenager, awaiting school results to go to college, has plenty of time on hand. His trouble is [[adolescence]], but neither his mother nor his aunt can diagnose his affliction. Everything around him excites and stimulates his sexual curiosity. Twenty plus Rathi, the girl next door, has been ''chechi'' (elder sister) to him since he was a child. Unaware of the stirrings of his desire, she dismisses his first overtures to her as boyish pranks. But soon her feelings change.

She is sympathetic to the boy's confusion and goes to the ''sarppakkavu'' (cobra-shrine) to keep a midnight date with Pappu. It storms and thunders while Pappu makes love to Rathi. Only then do the storms—the one tormenting him inside his mind and the other raging thunderously on the outside, subside. Aghast at what has happened, Rathi stumbles to her feet but is bitten by a cobra but she goes back to her house and suffers in silence in order to prevent any scandal and the delay costs her life. Next morning Pappu leaves home for college and his new life.

==Cast==
*[[Jayabharathi]] as Rathi
*[[Krishnachandran]] as Pappu
*[[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]] as Saraswathi
*[[K.P.A.C. Lalitha]] as Bharathi
*[[Meena (Malayalam actress)|Meena]] as Narayaniyamma
*[[M. G. Soman|Soman]] as Krishnan Nair
*[[Adoor Bhasi]]
*Master Manohar
*[[Sumathi (actress)|Baby Sumathi]] as Shanthi
*[[Bahadoor]] as Kochammani
*[[T. R. Omana]]

==Production==
The film was produced by Hari Pothan under the banner of Supriya Films. It was mostly shot in [[Nelliampathi]], [[Palakkad]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2109918.ece|title=When Pappu met Rathi…|author=Saraswathy Nagarajan|access-date=17 June 2011|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India|date=16 June 2011}}</ref> Director Bharathan had proposed to actress [[K.P.A.C. Lalitha]] after the shooting of this film.<ref name="TH">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/11/26/stories/2010112651100400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108143954/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/11/26/stories/2010112651100400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 November 2012|title=Emotional reunion|access-date=26 November 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India|date=17 June 2011}}</ref> They remained together till the death of the former.

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[G. Devarajan]] and the lyrics were written by [[Kavalam Narayana Panicker]].<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2008092851560300.htm&date=2008/09/28/&prd=th&
|title=Show evokes the everlasting appeal of Devarajan's songs|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 September 2008|access-date=17 June 2011}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No. || Song || Singers ||Lyrics || Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Kaalam Kunjumanassil" || [[P. Jayachandran]], Chorus, [[Karthikeyan (1970s-80s singer)|Karthikeyan]] || [[Kavalam Narayana Panicker]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Mounam Thalarum" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || Kavalam Narayana Panicker ||
|-
| 3 || "Shyaamanandana Vaniyilninnum" || [[P. Madhuri]] || Kavalam Narayana Panicker ||
|-
| 4 || "Thiruthirumaaran" || K. J. Yesudas || Kavalam Narayana Panicker ||
|}

==Analysis==
''Rathinirvedam'' is an incisive portrayal of a teenager's coming to terms with his budding libido that eventually drives him into a tabooed bond with an affable spinster in the neighbourhood.<ref>S. Anandan (18 June 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110623022340/http://www.hindu.com/2011/06/18/stories/2011061850830200.htm "Lacklustre copy of a maverick movie"]. ''The Hindu''. Retrieved 27 June 2013.</ref> A teenage mind caught in the flux of sexual adolescence is captured beautifully through the lens by the director [[Bharathan]]. Steamy scenes restrict the movie to mature audiences. In typical Bharathan style, an unexpected climax leaves the audience in tears. [[Jayabharathi]] gives a commendable performance as the titular character in this movie.

==Legacy and criticism==
''Rathinirvedam'' is regarded as a landmark in [[Cinema of India|Indian film history]].<ref name="TH"/> It is one of the most sensuous movies of all time, and is said to have redefined the art of movie making in South India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rathinirvedam.com/|title=''Rathinirvedam''|publisher=Rathinirvedam.com|access-date=19 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222193612/http://www.rathinirvedam.com/|archive-date=22 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The extremely erotic scenes performed by [[Jayabharathi]] sent heat waves across Kerala. Even when some of the intelligentsia predicted the beginning of a new era of parallel cinema, a major section of Malayalis were on the warpath saying that mainstream Malayalam cinema had degenerated to porn. But in spite of the criticism, ''Rathinirvedam'' became one of the biggest box office hits in Kerala's history.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/kochi/can-rathinirvedam-remake-recreate-waves-823|title=Can ''Rathinirvedam'' remake recreate waves?|date=16 June 2011|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|location=Kochi, India|access-date=19 June 2011}}</ref> It inspires similar productions all over South India, even decades after its release.<ref>{{cite web|last=K. N. |first=Shajikumar|url=http://janayugomonline.com/php/newsDetails.php?nid=6562 |title="മനസ്സിന്റെ കാണാപ്പുറങ്ങള്‍"|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709092657/http://janayugomonline.com/php/newsDetails.php?nid=6562 |archive-date=9 July 2012|work=Janayugam|date=5 April 2010 |access-date= 1 May 2011}}</ref> It is notorious causing the influx of soft porn Malayalam films during the next two decades.

==Remake==
{{Main|Rathinirvedam (2011 film)}}
A remake of the film was made in 2011. It was directed by [[T. K. Rajeev Kumar]]. [[Shwetha Menon]] played the female lead, and [[Sreejith Vijay|Sreejith]] played the young male lead. Padmarajan himself was credited as the writer.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://expressbuzz.com/entertainment/news/an-unusual-love-story/224680.html|title=An unusual love story|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=20 November 2010}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bombaynews.net/story/709467|title=''Rathinirvedam'' to be remade|publisher=Bombaynews|access-date=20 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221124155/http://www.bombaynews.net/story/709467|archive-date=21 February 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0156011|Rathi Nirvedam}}

{{Bharathan}}
{{Padmarajan}}

[[Category:1970s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1970s coming-of-age drama films]]
[[Category:1970s erotic drama films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bharathan]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age drama films]]
[[Category:Indian erotic drama films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Padmarajan]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1978 drama films]]
[[Category:1978 films]]

Rathinirvedam (1978 film) - Revision history

Kenrique: Improved wording and formatting

imported>GreenC bot: Rescued 2 archive links. Wayback Medic 2.5