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2021-07-13T09:43:12Z

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{{Short description|A Rathyatra in Mahesh}}
{{Infobox Rathayatra
| name = Rathayatra of Mahesh<br>মাহেশের রথযাত্রা
| image = Mahesh Rath Yatra.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Mahesh Rathayatra Festival in [[Serampore]]
| founded = 1396<ref>{{cite news |title=World famous Rath Yatra of Lord Jagannath begins |date=6 July 2016 |work=The Indian Awaaz |url=http://theindianawaaz.com/world-famous-rath-yatra-of-lord-jagannath-begins/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=From Puri to Mahesh in Bengal, the spread of Jagannath cult |date=26 July 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/From-Puri-to-Mahesh-in-Bengal-the-spread-of-Jagannath-cult/articleshow/48222722.cms}}</ref>
| founded_by = Kamalakar Pipilai<ref>[https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/amp/69651/5-places-to-see-rath-yatra-in-west-bengal 5 places to see Rath Yatra in West Bengal] ''outlookindia.com''. Retrieved 13 July 2021</ref>
| abolished =
| abolished_by =
| place = [[Serampore]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]<ref>[https://bengali.indianexpress.com/photos/lifestyle/bengal-oldest-maheshs-rath-yatra-117908/lite/ Bengal's oldest Mahesh Rath Yatra] ''bengali.indianexpress.com''. Retrieved 13 July 2021</ref>
| organizer =
| ratha_height = 50 feet
| ratha weight = 125 tons
| ratha_base =
| ratha_wheels = 12
| ratha_style =[[Nabaratna]]
| ratha_architect= [[Martin Burn|Martin Burn Company]]
| ratha_patron = Bose family of Kolkata
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Rathayatra of Mahesh''' ({{lang-bn|মাহেশের রথযাত্রা}}) is the second oldest [[Temple car|chariot]] festival or [[Rath Yatra]] in [[India]] (after ''[[Ratha Yatra (Puri)|Rath Yatra of Puri]]'') and oldest in [[Bengal]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Rathayatra celebrated in West Bengal |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200807041757.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 July 2008 |access-date=2008-10-18 }}</ref> having been celebrated since 1396.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengal celebrates Rathajatra festival |url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/india/news/article_1330596.php/Bengal_celebrates_Rathajatra_festival |work=Monsters and Critics |date=16 July 2007 |access-date=2008-10-18 }}</ref> It is held in [[Mahesh, Serampore|Mahesh]], a historical locality within [[Serampore]] in the [[India|Indian]] state of [[West Bengal]]. It is a week-long festival and a grand fair is held at that time.<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/the-rath-yatra-of-mahesh-in-bengal-second-oldest-in-the-world-turns-623-years-4721645/lite/ The Rath Yatra of Mahesh in Bengal, second oldest in the World, turns 623 years] ''indianexpress.com''. Retrieved 13 July 2021</ref> People throng to have a share in pulling the long ropes (Rosshi) attached to the chariots of Lord [[Jagannath]], [[Balarama]] and [[Subhadra]] on the journey from the temple to Mahesh Gundicha Bari (or, Masir Bari) and back within 8th day.

== History ==
[[File:Jagannath Temple, Mahesh, Serampore- 2(712202) ESTD-1396 AD.jpg|150px|left|thumb|[[Jagannath]] temple at Mahesh]]
It was the fourteenth century. Drubananda Brahmachari, a great Bengali sage went to Puri for pilgrimage. He had a desire to offer Lord Jagannath ‘Bhoga’ with his own hand. But the Temple authority prevented him do so. Broken-hearted Drubananda decided to fast until death. On the third day, he heard the Lord’s voice in his dream, “Drubananda, go back to Bengal. At the bank of Bhagirathi, you will find a place called Mahesh. There I shall send you a huge Daru-Brahma (Neem trunk). Make Balarama, Subhadra and my Idol with this trunk. I am eager to have ‘Bhoga’ in your hand.” So Drubanada returned to Mahesh and started his Sadhana. Then in a scary rainy night, that Daru-Brahma appeared at Mahesh. He jumped into the water and received it. Then he made the Idols of the Holy Trinity and established a Temple.

After taking sanyas, Sri [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Chaitanya]] left for Puri. In the way, he reached at Mahesh.<ref name="abp28062014">{{cite news|url=http://www.anandabazar.com/district/dhaksinbanga/howrah-hoogly/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%98-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9A-%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%A5-%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%9A-%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA-%E0%A6%B0-1.45203|title=রথযাত্রাকে ঘিরে রাজ্যের পর্যটনচিত্রে স্থান করে নিক মাহেশ, চায় শ্রীরামপুর|date=28 June 2014|work=Anandabazar Patrika|publisher=ABP Group|language=bn|access-date=7 July 2016|location=Kolkata}}</ref> After visiting Drubananda’s Temple, he lost his sense, and absorbed in deep [[Samādhi]]. Sri Chaitanya christened Mahesh as 'Naba Nilachal' meaning the 'new Puri'.<ref name="abp28062014"/> Later old Drubananda requested him to take charge of the temple. On his request he made Kamalakar Piplai, the fifth of his twelve Gopalas, the ''sebait'' of the temple. After few days Dhrubananda died.

Kamalakar Piplai was, as it is mentioned earlier, fifth of the twelve Gopalas of Sri Chaitanya. He was the son of the [[Zamindar]] of Khalijuli in [[Sunderbans]]. He came to [[Navadwip]] to study Logic. Later he became a favorite of Mahaprabhu and joined his ministry. He was the first of the 64 Mohantas. After taking the charge of Mahesh Temple, he remained there and it is he who started the famous chariot festival, more than 600 years ago. His heirs still lives in Mahesh and some in Kolkata as the Sebait or ‘Adhikary’ of the Temple.

== Chariot ==
But nor the Ratha neither the Temple of Kamalakar has existed. The modern Temple was made by Nayanchand Mallik of [[Pathuriaghata]], [[Kolkata]] in 1755. It cost Rs. 20,000.

Nothing about the first Ratha is known. Once a devotee of Baidyabati donated a ratha to the Temple. In 1797, Sri Ramakrishna’s famous disciple Balarama Basu’s grandfather Krishnaram Basu donated another Ratha. His son Guruprasad Basu renewed the Ratha in 1835. But after some years the Ratha was burnt. Then Kalachand Basu made another in 1852. But one day a person committed suicide inside the Ratha. Taking this as a sign of evil, Biswambhar Basu made a different Ratha in 1857, but it also got burnt. Then Dewan Krishnachandra Basu ordered an Iron-Chariot from [[Martin Burn]] This Ratha is still inexistent.

The present ''ratha'' or the chariot was constructed under the patronage of Krishnaram Basu by the Martin Burn Company in 1885. The cost of the construction was two million rupees. The ''ratha'' is a Nabaratna temple having nine [[shikhara]]s. The ''ratha'' has a steel framework with wooden scaffolding. It is fitted with twelve iron wheels each measuring twelve inches in circumference. The ''ratha'' is four storied, measuring 50 feet in height and 125 tonnes in weight. Two copper horses are attached to the front.

== Festival ==
[[File:Rathayatra of Mahesh, Serampore- 2.jpg|200px|thumb|Rathayatra of Mahesh in 2016]]
The ''snanayatra'' is held on the full moon day preceding the ''rathayatra''.<ref name="abp28062014"/> On the day of ''snanyatra'', the idols of Jagannath, Balaram and Subhadra are bathed in generous quantities of milk and Ganges water. It is believed that the idols suffer from fever due to the heavy bath.<ref name="abp28062014"/> So three physicians, one each from [[Arambag]], [[Goghat]] and [[Ghatal]] are summoned to treat the deities.<ref name="abp28062014"/> They offer a liquid mixture as the medicine, which are then administered on the idols. Gradually their fever lapses and they regain normal health.<ref name="abp28062014"/>

Unlike the idols in Puri's Jagannath temple which are changed every twelve years, the same idols prepared by the founder Kamalakar Pipilai is used till date. However, two days after the ''snanayatra'' and just two weeks before the ''rathayatra'', the ''angaraga'' ceremony is held. This is a three-day ceremony where the idols are repainted using herbal pigments behind closed doors. The artist covers his face and hairs while painting the idols and has only one vegetable meal a day for three days. He doesn't charge any money for the services.

A day before the ''rathayatra'', [[Jagannath]] is sworn in as the king. On the day of the ''rathayatra'', the [[Jagannath]] idol placed on the highest storey of the ''ratha''. The idols of Balaram and Subhadra are also placed in the ''ratha''. A ''[[Indian roller|neelkantha]]'' bird is brought and made to sit at the topmost ''shikhara'' of the chariot. When the bird flies away the procession starts.

Not only this festival is the oldest but also the biggest Rathayatra in Bengal. Nearly 2-3 lakh people come to see the month-long fair. Lord goes to Gundicha Temple and remains there till Punarjatra, or [[Ultorath]], as it is popularly known in Bengal.

[[Ramakrishna|Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa]],<ref name="abp28062014"/> his wife [[Sarada Devi]], dramatist [[Girish Chandra Ghosh]] and others came to visit the famous fair of the lord.

== In popular culture ==
[[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]]’s famous novel ‘[[Radharani]]’ consists of a wonderful description of Mahesh Rathayatra.<ref name="abp28062014"/> Radharani, the little heroine of the novel got lost in the fair, and then found by her future lover. Bankim’s description does not only gives a vivid picture of the festival but also it gave the fair a romantic literary charm. It is said that even today one can feel the brokenhearted girl’s sorrow.

== See also ==
* [[Mahishadal Rathayatra]]
* [[Guptipara Rathayatra]]
* [[Dhamrai Jagannath Roth|Dhamrai Rathayatra]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Culture of West Bengal}}
{{Hooghly topics}}
{{Jagannath}}

[[Category:Festivals in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali culture]]
[[Category:Jagannath]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]
[[Category:Festivals established in 1397]]

Rathayatra of Mahesh - Revision history

imported>Billjones94: /* Festival */