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'''Ratan Singh Raypa''' ([[Hindi]]: रतन सिंह रायपा ; also spelled as '''Ratan Singh Raipa''') was an [[India|Indian]] anthropologist. He is known primarily for his work on the [[Rang community|Rung]] culture of the [[Sharda River|Mahakali valley]], located along the western border of India and Nepal.

== Personal life ==
Raypa belonged to [[Dharchula]], India. He obtained a Masters degree in geography from [[Agra university|Agra University]].<ref name=":1" /> His thesis at the Agra University was titled 'Budi: a geographical survey of a border village' (1965).<ref name=":2" /> He served as a lecturer in the Uttar Pradesh State Education Department. He retired as Human Ecologist from the [[Anthropological Survey of India]], Northwest Regional office.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Ramesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_tDsAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=ratan+singh+raypa&q=ratan+singh+raypa&hl=en |title=Development and Regionalism: Anthropological, Ecological, and Psychological Perspective |last2=Ahmad |first2=S. I. |date=2005 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |isbn=978-81-85579-98-6 |language=en}}</ref>

== Book on Rung community ==
Raypa is known for his Hindi book on the Rungs, titled ''Shauka: Simavarti Janjati'' (1974), both among academics and the wider public.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Proceedings of the Webinar on Documentation of Cultural Heritage of Rung Community |url=https://gbpihed.gov.in/PDF/Publication/Newsletter/NL_1639725610_Rung_Cultural_Heritage_eNewsletter.pdf |website=gbpihed.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kala |first=Chandra Prakash |title=Preserving Ayurvedic Herbal Formulations by Vaidyas: The Traditional Healers of the Uttaranchal Himalaya Region in India |url=https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/70/table-of-contents/article2969/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=www.herbalgram.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://issuu.com/pankajgarbyal/docs/machhang_final_copy/18 |title=Machhang: A Rung Youth Magazine |publisher=Rung Youth Forum |year=2011 |location=Dharchula}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Luhar |first=Sahdev |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPGxEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA86&dq=ratan+singh+raypa&hl=en |title=Folklore Studies in India: Critical Regional Responses |date=2023 |publisher=N. S. Patel (Autonomous) Arts College, Anand |isbn=978-81-955008-4-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fürer-Haimendorf |first=Christoph von |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pr-AAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=ratan+singh+raypa&q=ratan+singh+raypa&hl=en |title=Asian Highland Societies in Anthropological Perspective |date=1981 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |isbn=978-0-391-02250-8 |language=en}}</ref>

Christoph Bergmann of [[Heidelberg University]] writes that Raypa's book, alongside those by Draupadi Garbyal and Sher Singh Pangtey, 'delivered new interpretations of the historical, ethnic, cultural, religious and social distinctions that would qualify ‘[[Bhotiyas of Uttarakhand|the Bhotiyas]]’ of [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] as a tribe', or 'janjati' in Hindi. Bergmann adds that Raypa, like the two other Rung scholars he named above, adopted the ethnonym 'Shauka' for the people about whom they wrote, i.e. the Rungs of Kumaon. 'Shauka’ is the preferred self-designation of the Bhotiyas living in the [[Johar Valley|Johar valley]] and is frequently used by all Kumaoni Bhotiyas when speaking and writing about their community in [[Hindi]]. Bergmann remarks that Raypa's book was addressed to a Hindi-speaking readership, since he intended to disprove 'the dominant public perception of ‘the Bhotiyas’ as some sort of ‘crypto-Buddhists ’ (Bergmann et al. 2008 )'. This book also sought to develop new hypotheses about the immigration of the original Bhotiya settlers from places other than the [[Tibetan Plateau|Tibetan plateau]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Bergmann |first=Christoph |date=2016 |title=The Himalayan Border Region |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-29707-1 |journal=Springer: Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research |language=en |pages=105 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-29707-1 |issn=1879-7180}}</ref> The overall intention of the book was to create a narrative of the Rungs as members of the Indian nation, and to distance this group from its Tibetan affinities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bergmann |first=Christoph |date=2016 |title=The Himalayan Border Region |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-29707-1 |journal=Springer: Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research |language=en |pages=104 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-29707-1 |issn=1879-7180}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==

* Raypa, Ratan Singh. (1974). ''Shauka: Simavarti Janjati'' (in Hindi)''.'' Raypa Brothers, Dharchula.
* Raypa, Ratan Singh. (1978, unpublished). Ecological Adaptation of Onge of Little Andaman. Anthropological Survey of India, Port Blair.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Siba Pada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cihuAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=rs+raypa+anthropological+survey+of+india&q=rs+raypa+anthropological+survey+of+india&hl=en |title=Sources of the History of India: Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Arunachal Pradesh. Kerala. Madhya Pradesh. Nagaland. Pondicherry |date=1989 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies |language=en}}</ref>
* Raypa, Ratan Singh. ''Dhan ke Geet''.
* [https://ia801003.us.archive.org/35/items/himalayashimalay00raha/himalayashimalay00raha.pdf Raypa, Ratan Singh. (1992). 'Ecological Adaptation of the Bhotias of Kali Basin of U P Hills'. In Manish Kr. Raha (ed.) ''The Himalayas and the Himalayans''. Anthropological Survey of India.]
* Raypa, Ratan Singh (1994). People of India: Nagaland, Vol. XXXIV (K.S. Singh et al (eds.)). Seagull Books, Calcutta.
* Raypa, Ratan Singh. (1996, unpublished). ''Ecology, Environment, and Human Population in India: The Jaunsaris of Jaunsar Bawar.'' Anthropological Survey of India, Dehradun.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Naswa |first=Sumedha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hu-YYYH-HicC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA95&dq=rs+raypa+anthropological+survey+of+india&hl=en |title=Tribes of Uttar Pradesh and Uttranchal: Ethnography and Bibliography of Scheduled Tribes |date=2001 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-767-2 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Writers from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:People from Pithoragarh district]]
[[Category:Himalayan studies]]
[[Category:Scholars from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:Indian ethnologists]]
[[Category:Indian ethnographers]]

Ratan Singh Raypa - Revision history

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