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{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ratan Shankar Mishra
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1918|10|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ajgain]], [[Unnao district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1999|8|23|1918|10|15|df=y}}
| death_place = India
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Mathematician, academic
| yearsactive = 1944-1999
| known for = Unified fluid theory
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]<br>Banerjee Prize<br>[[Indian Mathematical Society|IMS]] Distinguished Service Award<br>[[Teachers' Day]] Award
}}
'''Ratan Shankar Mishra''' (1918–1999) was an Indian mathematician and academic who was known for his solutions to the Unified fluid theory of [[Albert Einstein]].<ref name="Insa profile">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N600458 | title=Insa profile | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2015 | accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref> He headed the department of Mathematics of the [[University of Gorakhpur]] (1958) and [[University of Allahabad]] (1963-1968) and served as the vice chancellor of [[Lucknow University]] (1982-1985),<ref name="List of Vice Chancellors">{{cite web | url=http://www.lkouniv.ac.in/hist_vc.html | title=List of Vice Chancellors | publisher=Lucknow University | date=2015 | accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref> as the reader at [[University of Delhi]] (1954-1958) and as the dean at [[Banares Hindu University]], [[Varanasi]] (1965-1968).<ref name="Insa profile" /> He was honoured by the [[Government of India]] in 1971 with [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest Indian civilian award.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Shri | publisher=Padma Shri | date=2015 | accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref>

==Biography==
[[File:Lucknowuniversity.jpg|thumb|left|230px|[[Lucknow University]] - Old campus]]
[[File:Aerial View of Senate Hall, University of Allahabad.png|right|thumb|230px|[[University of Allahabad]] - Aerial View]]
[[File:BHU Main Gate.JPG|thumb|230px|[[Banares Hindu University|BHU]] - Main Gate]]
Ratan Shankar Mishra was born on 15 October 1918 at [[Ajgaon]], a small hamlet in [[Unnao district]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="IAPS Bio">{{cite web | url=http://iaps.in/journal/index.php/journaliaps/article/download/523/476 | title=IAPS Bio | publisher=Indian Academy of Physical Sciences | date=2015 | accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref> Hi completed his schooling from the Government High School in Unnao in 1937 and did intermediate course at Kanyakubj Inter College, [[Lucknow]] after which he passed BSc with honours and MSc from [[Lucknow University]].<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> He continued his studies at [[Delhi University]] and secured a doctoral degree (PhD) in 1947, the first PhD awarded by the university in Mathematics.<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> His Doctor of Science degree (DSc) came from Lucknow University in 1952,<ref name="Insa profile" /> again the first DSc degree awarded by Lucknow University.<ref name="IAPS Bio" />

Mishra had already started his career while doing his doctoral research by joining the faculty of Mathematics at [[Ramjas College]] in 1944,<ref name="Insa profile" /> later worked at [[Delhi College of Arts and Commerce]] and moved to Lucknow University where he worked till 1954.<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> That year, he was appointed as the reader at the [[University of Delhi]] and stayed at the Indian capital till 1958.<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> When [[Gorakhpur University]] invited him to head the department of Mathematics in 1958,<ref name="Insa profile" /> he accepted the offer<ref name="Insa profile" /> and shifted to the [[University of Allahabad]] to head the department of mathematics there.<ref name="Mathematics and Mathematicians at Prayag">{{cite web | url=https://www.academia.edu/281728 | title=Mathematics and Mathematicians at Prayag | publisher=Academia | date=2015 | accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref> He was promoted as the dean in 1965 and in 1968, he joined [[Banares Hindu University]] as a selection grade professor and headed the maths and statistics department.<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> In 1973, he became the Chief Proctor of the university and in 1975 became the dean<ref name="Insa profile" /> to finally retire in 1978.<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> After retirement, he worked as a visiting professor at [[Jammu University]] for a short term and took up the post of the vice chancellor of Lucknow University in 1982.<ref name="List of Vice Chancellors" /> In 1985, he resigned from the post<ref name="List of Vice Chancellors" /> to associate himself with Tensor, the University International Maths Journal, published from Japan.<ref name="Tensor Society of India">{{cite web | url=http://www.tensorsociety.org/ | title=Tensor Society of India | publisher=Tensor Society of India | date=2015 | accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref> He also served as a visiting professor at [[University of Kuwait]] (1970, 1980–81, 1986), [[University of Windsor]] (1974) and the [[University of Waterloo]] (1967, 1972)<ref name="Insa profile" /> and had associations with [[Kanpur University]] in academic matters.<ref name="Kanpur University">{{cite web | url=http://comtax.up.nic.in/aboutus/kanpur-2.htm | title=Kanpur University | publisher=Kanpur University | date=2015 | accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref>

Ratan Shankar Mishra died on 23 August 1999, at the age of 80.<ref name="Insa profile" />

==Legacy==
Mishra specialised in differential geometry, relativity and fluid mechanics and his contributions to these fields have been documented.<ref name="Insa profile" /><ref name="R. S. Mishra - articles">{{cite web | url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Mishra=3ARatan_Shanker=3A=3A.html | title=R. S. Mishra - articles | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences | date=2015 | accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="Curvature Tensors and their Relativistics Significance">{{cite web | url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/31209/1/31209.pdf | title=Curvature Tensors and their Relativistics Significance | publisher=Google Scholar | date=28 September 1970 | accessdate=27 May 2015 |author1=G. P. Pokhariyal |author2=R. S. Mishra }}</ref><ref name="On general differentiable structure, Nijenhuis tensor">{{cite journal | url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/31217/ | title=On general differentiable structure, Nijenhuis tensor |author1=Mishra, R. S. |author2=Pandey, S. B. | journal=Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics | year=1976 | volume=7 | issue=3 | pages=328–336 | issn=0019-5588}}</ref> He was known to have elucidated the complete solutions to the unified field theory of [[Albert Einstein]].<ref name="Insa profile" /> He also added to the index-free notations and developed his own notations in [[differential geometry]].<ref name="Insa profile" /> He also wrote structures for ''[[Differentiable manifolds]]'' and ''Almost Contact [[Riemannian manifold|Metric Manifolds]]''.<ref name="Insa profile" />

Several academic and administrative reforms have been credited to Mishra during his tenure at the University of Allahabad. He guided several mathematicians for their PhD, DSc and DPhil research and introduced many new subjects such as Modern Algebra, [[Topology]], [[Riemannian Geometry]] and Statistics & Probability into curriculum.<ref name="Mathematics and Mathematicians at Prayag" /> Under his guidance, the university introduced a course in [[Abstract Algebra]] at the graduate level, the first time in India the subject was taught at the graduate level. He was also instrumental in conducting conferences and seminars,<ref name="National Conference">{{cite web | url=http://www.bhu.ac.in/fms/rgsc/nche/nchebrochure.pdf | title=National Conference | publisher=Banares Hindu University | date=2015 | accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref> with financial assistance from the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] where mathematicians from India and abroad like Jack P. Tull<ref name="Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society">{{cite web | url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4920936&fileId=S1446788700026768 | title=Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society | publisher=Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society | date=2015 | accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref> moderated the proceedings.<ref name="Mathematics and Mathematicians at Prayag" /> It is also reported that the department of mathematics had the highest number of faculty members during his tenure as its head.<ref name="Mathematics and Mathematicians at Prayag" /> Apart from several articles,<ref name="Worldcat search">{{cite web | url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AMishra%2C+R.+S.&qt=hot_author | title=Worldcat search | publisher=Worldcat | date=2015 | accessdate=28 May 2015}}</ref> he is the author of twelve text books and a report for [[Indian Science Congress Association]] published under the name, ''Progress of Mathematics - A decade (1963-1972)''.<ref name="IAPS Bio" />

==Positions==
Mishra's efforts were behind the establishment of the ''Tensor Society of India'', a mathematical society started in 1983, of which he was the founder president.<ref name="Tensor Society of India" /> He was associated with the Indian Science Congress Association for a number of years and served as a member of its executive council, as the sectional president in 1965, as the general secretary (1968-1971) and as the president<ref name="Insa profile" /> in 1974.<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> He served the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] as its council member, as the president of the Physical Sciences section (1965-1966) and as its vice president (1969-1979).<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> He was the president of the [[Indian Mathematical Society]] from 1982 to 1984 and
a member of the executive council of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] from 1968 to 1970.<ref name="Insa profile" /> He was a member of the board of directors of the [[United States-India Educational Foundation|United States Education Foundation in India]] and the nominating committee of the [[International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation]].<ref name="Insa profile" /> He served several government and semi government bodies and two award committees, [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], the highest Indian award in science category and [[Magsaysay Award]] in their mathematical science research committee.<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> He also chaired the All India panel for writing text books in mathematics and sat on the committee of [[National Council of Educational Research and Training]] (NCERT).<ref name="IAPS Bio" />

Mishra was also active in academic circles and held the presidency of the Gorakhpur University Teachers' Association in 1958 and was the hostel warden during his tenure there.<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> While working for the Lucknow University, he was the president of the Teachers' Association (1975) and the Alumni Association.<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> He was the president of the National Academy of Mathematics, Gorakhpur<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> and was a founder member of the ''Society for Scientific Values''.<ref name="Society for Scientific Values">{{cite web | url=http://www.scientificvalues.org/members.html | title=Society for Scientific Values | publisher=Society for Scientific Values | date=2015 | accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref> He was the editor in chief of Allhabad University journal, ''Progress of mathematics'',<ref name="Progress of mathematics">{{cite book | url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/progress-of-mathematics/oclc/1762981 | title=Progress of mathematics | publisher=Worldcat | date=2015 | oclc=1762981 | accessdate=28 May 2015}}</ref> editorial advisor of [[Forum of Mathematics]] journal and a member of the editorial boards of ''Research Journal in Science'' of Kanpur University<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> and the ''Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics''.<ref name="Insa profile" />

==Awards and honours==
Ratan Shankar Mishra was an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy (INSA),<ref name="Insa profile" /> [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] (IAS),<ref name="Past Fellows">{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/php/pfell_all.php3?alpha=M | title=Past Fellows | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences | date=2015 | accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref> National Academy of Sciences, India (NASI),<ref name="Deceased Fellows">{{cite web | url=http://www.nasi.org.in/deceased.htm | title=Deceased Fellows | publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India | date=2015 | accessdate=27 May 2015 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528102550/http://www.nasi.org.in/deceased.htm | archivedate=28 May 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> International Academy of Physical Sciences and the Bihar Academy of Sciences.<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> Banares Hindu University honoured him by selecting him as the Emeritus Professor of the university.<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> [[Vaclav Hlavaty]], the [[Czech-American]] mathematician bequeathed his unfinished problem on ''field equations'' to R. S. Mishra, by way of a note left on his death bed and Mishra completed the problem, text of which runs into about 100 pages.<ref name="IAPS Bio" />

He received the Banerjee Prize from Lucknow University in 1952 for the best research work.<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1971.<ref name="Padma Shri" /> Indian Mathematical Society placed the Distinguished Service Award on him in 1982 and the Jawaharlal Nehru Rashtriya Yuwa Kendra selected him for the [[Teachers' Day]] Award, ''Shikha Shiromani Alankaran'' in 1994.<ref name="IAPS Bio" /> On 5 May 1995, Banares Hindu University honoured him as the chief guest of their Teachers' Day functions.<ref name="IAPS Bio" />

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Riemannian manifold]]
* [[Differential manifold]]
* [[Differential geometry]]
* [[Fluid mechanics]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Mathematics}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web | url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/31209/1/31209.pdf | title=Curvature Tensors and their Relativistics Significance | publisher=Google Scholar | date=28 September 1970 | accessdate=27 May 2015 |author1=G. P. Pokhariyal |author2=R. S. Mishra }}
* {{cite journal | url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/31217/ | title=On general differentiable structure, Nijenhuis tensor |author1=Mishra, R. S. |author2=Pandey, S. B. | journal=Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics | year=1976 | volume=7 | issue=3 | pages=328–336 | issn=0019-5588}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mishra, Ratan Shankar}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education]]
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad faculty]]
[[Category:University of Delhi faculty]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University faculty]]
[[Category:University of Windsor faculty]]
[[Category:University of Waterloo faculty]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow faculty]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Scientists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian scientific authors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of The National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:People from Unnao district]]
[[Category:University of Jammu faculty]]

Ratan Shankar Mishra - Revision history

106.51.107.252 at 05:52, 1 October 2021