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{{short description|Indian explorers}}
[[File:Ghulam Rasool Galwan.png|thumb|right|150px|Ghulam Rasool Galwan]]
'''Ghulam Rasool Galwan''' (1878–1925),<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/meet-the-man-after-whom-galvan-river-is-named/articleshow/76363707.cms?from=mdr |title=Life and times of the man after whom Galwan river is named |date= |newspaper=The Economic Times |publisher= |last= |first=|last1=Bailay |first1=Rasul }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theprint.in/india/galwan-valley-has-been-will-always-be-indias-says-grandson-of-explorer-its-named-after/446660/ |title=Galwan Valley has been & will always be India's, says grandson of explorer it's named after |date= |website=theprint.in |publisher= |last= |first=}}</ref><ref name=":0">Ladakh Civilization and Culture, by Abdul Ghani Sheikh, p. 381 (Urdu Language)</ref> or '''Rasool Galwan''',<ref name=":0"/> also spelled as '''Ghulām Rassūl Galwan''', was a Ladakhi explorer of Kashmiri descent, after whom the [[Galwan River]] is named. He was an acclaimed guide and ''caravan bashi'' (caravan manager), who accompanied numerous expeditions of European explorers during the [[British Raj]]. Excerpts from his travel diary were published under the title ''Servant of Sahibs'', edited by Katherine Barrett.

== Family ==
According to [[Walter Roper Lawrence]], Galwans (or Galawans) were horse-keepers of the Kashmir region, who later developed into robbers.<ref>
Gowhar Geelani, [https://thefederal.com/news/backstory-of-ladakhs-galawan-valley-and-the-legend-of-rassul-galwan/ Backstory of Ladakh’s Galwan Valley and the legend of Rassul Galwan], The Federal, 31 May 2020.
</ref>

Rasool Galwan states that his maternal grandfather, Mahmut Galwan, fled to Baltistan during the [[Dogra dynasty|Dogra rule]], married a Balti woman and later moved to [[Leh]]. His mother was born to them, but grew up with an uncle called Gafoor Galwan. Her first husband went to [[Yarkand]] for work and never returned. Afterwards, she married Ibrahim and had four children, including Rasool Galwan.<ref name=Print>
Sandeep Chaudhary, [https://theprint.in/opinion/ghulam-rassul-galwan-the-man-who-named-the-galwan-river-the-site-of-india-china-stand-off/432533/ Ghulam Rassul Galwan — The man who named the Galwan river, the site of India-China stand-off], The Print, 30 May 2020.
</ref>{{sfnp|Galwan|1923|p=4}}

His mother lived by winnowing wheat for other farmers. She evidently had a lot of influence on him as a young boy and raised him with love and care. There is very little about his father in his autobiography.{{sfnp|Galwan|1923|pp=6–11}}

== Early life ==
{{expand section|date=January 2021}}
Galwan got his early start in life by working chores for the ''kutedar'' who employed his mother. One day, Galwan volunteered for measuring wheat and surprised the ''kutedar'' with his ability.{{sfnp|Galwan|1923|pp=22–23}}

== Career ==
{{expand section|date=January 2021}}

== Works ==
Galwan is said to have kept a travel diary in which he regularly wrote down the details of all his travels.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} Teresa Littledale taught him English during a trip to Tibet. Later, Robert and Katherine Barrett, a wealthy couple from Chicago whom he accompanied during their Central Asian travels, encouraged him to write a book on his experiences. Edited by Katherine Barrett with some explanatory notes, the manuscript was eventually published by [[St. George Littledale]] in Cambridge. [[Francis Younghusband]] wrote an introduction to the book.{{sfnp|Clinch|Clinch|2011|pp=305–306}}

The book sold extremely well, and went into a second edition, surprising Littledale. He hadn't read the book initially but, after its success, he did, and commented that there was very little "lie matter"{{efn|Galwan's pidgin English phrase for falsties.}} concerning their trip (which indeed formed a substantial amount of the content in the book).{{sfnp|Clinch|Clinch|2011|pp=306–307}}

Younghusband wrote in the Introduction that Galwan was animated by the same spirit of adventure that drove the travellers that employed him.<ref>Younghasband's introduction in {{harvp|Galwan|1923|p=ix}}: "Why Himalayan peoples should be as ready as they are to undergo hardships, and run riks of the most serious nature, in the service of any stray traveller who appears among them is not easy to understand... The secret is that these men, the best of them, love adventure just as much as their employers."
</ref> He also notes, "He came from the very poorest. He started as a simple village lad. But in every situation he behaved like a gentleman."{{sfnp|Galwan|1923|p=x}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== Reference ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |last1=Clinch |first1=Nicholas |last2=Clinch |first2=Elizabeth |title=Through a Land of Extremes: The Littledales of Central Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RfPlCXgoL1MC&pg=PA306 |year=2011 |publisher=The Mountaineers Books |isbn=978-1-59485-515-3}}
* {{citation |last=Galwan |first=Ghulam Rassul |title=Servant of Sahibs: A Book to be Read Aloud |publisher=W. Heffer & Sons |location=Cambridge |year=1923 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.523542/page/n13/mode/2up |via=archive.org}}
* Ladakh Civilization and Culture, by Abdul Ghani Sheikh, p. 378 to 392 (Urdu Language)

[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1925 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian explorers]]

Rasool Galwan - Revision history

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