Rash Behari Bose - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:28, 25 December 2022
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	{{short description\|Indian independence leader}}		{{short description\|Indian independence leader}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=June ~~2022~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2016}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Rash Behari Bose		\| name = Rash Behari Bose
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	\| nationality = Indian		\| nationality = Indian
	\| citizenship = [[British Raj]] (1886–1915)<br /> [[Statelessness\|Stateless]] (1915–1923)<br /> [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]] (1923–1945; his death)		\| citizenship = [[British Raj]] (1886–1915)<br /> [[Statelessness\|Stateless]] (1915–1923)<br /> [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]] (1923–1945; his death)
	\| organisation = [[Jugantar]], [[Indian Independence League]], [[Indian National Army]]		\| organisation = [[Jugantar]], [[Hindu Mahasabha]], [[Indian Independence League]], [[Indian National Army]]
	\| relatives = [[Aizō Sōma]] (father-in-law)<br />[[Kokkō Sōma]] (mother-in-law)		\| relatives = [[Aizō Sōma]] (father-in-law)<br />[[Kokkō Sōma]] (mother-in-law)
	}}		}}

	{{Anushilan Samiti}}		{{Anushilan Samiti}}
	'''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{audio\|Rasbihar Bose.ogg\|pronunciation}}; 25 May 1886 – 21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the [[British Raj]]. He was one of the key organisers of the [[Ghadar Mutiny]] and founded the [[First Indian National Army]] during [[World War 2]]. The Indian National Army(INA) was formed in 1942 under Bose which he later handed over as the [[Indian National Army]] to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]].<ref>{{Cite web \|last=CNN \|first=Emiko Jozuka \|title=The Indian revolutionary who fought to overthrow British rule from 3,700 miles away \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/09/asia/japan-indian-freedom-fighter-hnk-intl/index.html \|access-date=2022-03-15 \|website=CNN}}</ref>		'''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{audio\|Rasbihar Bose.ogg\|pronunciation}}; 25 May 1886 – 21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the [[British Raj]]. He was one of the key organisers of the [[Ghadar Mutiny]] and founded the [[First Indian National Army]] during [[World War 2]]. The Indian National Army(INA) was formed in 1942 under Bose which he later handed over as the [[Indian National Army]] to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]. He also founded the Japanese branch of the [[Hindu Mahasabha]], becoming its first president.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/rashbehari-bose-indian-freedom-struggle-india-japan-ties-british-raj-mahatma-gandhi-toshiko-soma-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose-the-standard-bearer/story/1/10259.html\|title=Rashbehari Bose - Indian freedom struggle, India-Japan ties, British Raj Mahatma Gandhi, Toshiko Soma, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose the standard bearer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Mukherjee \|first=Uma \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79jPAAAAIAAJ&q=Hindu+mahasabha \|title=Two Great Indian Revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee \|date=1966 \|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=CNN \|first=Emiko Jozuka \|title=The Indian revolutionary who fought to overthrow British rule from 3,700 miles away \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/09/asia/japan-indian-freedom-fighter-hnk-intl/index.html \|access-date=2022-03-15 \|website=CNN}}</ref>

	==Birth and ancestry==		==Birth and ancestry==
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	==Indian National Army==		==Indian National Army==
	Bose fled to Japan in 1915, under the alias of Priyanath Thakur, a relative of Rabindranath Thakur.<ref name=r1>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/rabibashoriyo/remembering-rash-behari-bose-and-his-wife-toshiko-bose-in-their-marriage-anniversary-1.828592\|title=বাংলা থেকে রান্না-শাড়ি পরা, জাপানি বউকে শিখিয়েছিলেন রাসবিহারী বসু\|last=বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়\|first=পারিজাত\|work=Anandabazar Patrika\|language=bn\|access-date=27 July ~~2022~~}}</ref> There, Bose found shelter with various [[Pan-Asianism\|Pan-Asian]] groups. From 1915 to 1918, he changed residences and identities numerous times, as the British kept pressing the Japanese government for his extradition. He married the daughter of [[Aizō Sōma]] and [[Kokkō Sōma]], the owners of Nakamuraya bakery in Tokyo and noted Pan-Asian supporters in 1918, and became a Japanese citizen in 1923, living as a journalist and writer. It is also significant that he was instrumental in introducing Indian-style curry in Japan. Though more expensive than the usual "British-style" curry, it became quite popular, with Rash Bihari becoming known as "Bose of Nakamuraya".		Bose fled to Japan in 1915, under the alias of Priyanath Thakur, a relative of Rabindranath Thakur.<ref name=r1>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/rabibashoriyo/remembering-rash-behari-bose-and-his-wife-toshiko-bose-in-their-marriage-anniversary-1.828592\|title=বাংলা থেকে রান্না-শাড়ি পরা, জাপানি বউকে শিখিয়েছিলেন রাসবিহারী বসু\|last=বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়\|first=পারিজাত\|work=Anandabazar Patrika\|language=bn\|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> There, Bose found shelter with various [[Pan-Asianism\|Pan-Asian]] groups. From 1915 to 1918, he changed residences and identities numerous times, as the British kept pressing the Japanese government for his extradition. He married the daughter of [[Aizō Sōma]] and [[Kokkō Sōma]], the owners of Nakamuraya bakery in Tokyo and noted Pan-Asian supporters in 1918, and became a Japanese citizen in 1923, living as a journalist and writer. It is also significant that he was instrumental in introducing Indian-style curry in Japan. Though more expensive than the usual "British-style" curry, it became quite popular, with Rash Bihari becoming known as "Bose of Nakamuraya".

	Bose along with [[A M Nair]] was instrumental in persuading the Japanese authorities to stand by the Indian patriots and ultimately to officially actively support the Indian independence struggle abroad. Bose convened a conference [[Tokyo Conference\|in Tokyo]] on 28–30 March 1942, which decided to establish the ''[[Indian Independence League]]''. At the conference, he moved a motion to raise an army for Indian independence. He convened the second conference of the League [[Bangkok Conference\|at Bangkok]] on 22 June 1942. It was at this conference that a resolution was adopted to invite [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] to join the League and take its command as its president.		Bose along with [[A M Nair]] was instrumental in persuading the Japanese authorities to stand by the Indian patriots and ultimately to officially actively support the Indian independence struggle abroad. Bose convened a conference [[Tokyo Conference\|in Tokyo]] on 28–30 March 1942, which decided to establish the ''[[Indian Independence League]]''. At the conference, he moved a motion to raise an army for Indian independence. He convened the second conference of the League [[Bangkok Conference\|at Bangkok]] on 22 June 1942. It was at this conference that a resolution was adopted to invite [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] to join the League and take its command as its president.
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	<gallery mode="packed" widths="240px" heights="240px">		<gallery mode="packed" widths="240px" heights="240px">


	Toyama Mitsuru honors Rash Behari Bose.jpg\|A dinner party given to Bose in his honour by his close Japanese friends, including [[Mitsuru Tōyama]], a right-wing nationalist and [[Pan-Asianism]] leader (centre, behind the table), and [[Tsuyoshi Inukai]], future Japanese prime minister (to the right of Tōyama). Behind Tōyama is Bose. 1915.		Toyama Mitsuru honors Rash Behari Bose.jpg\|A dinner party given to Bose in his honour by his close Japanese friends, including [[Mitsuru Tōyama]], a right-wing nationalist and [[Pan-Asianism]] leader (centre, behind the table), and [[Tsuyoshi Inukai]], future Japanese prime minister (to the right of Tōyama). Behind Tōyama is Bose. 1915.
	Rash Behari Bose and his supporters.jpg\|Bose and his Japanese supporters in 1916		Rash Behari Bose and his supporters.jpg\|Bose and his Japanese supporters in 1916
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	== Legacy ==		== Legacy ==
	In the year of 1943, the Japanese government honoured him with the highest title given to a foreigner – ''The Second Order of Merit of the Rising Sun''.<ref name=r5>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/remembering-heroes-of-indian-freedom-struggle-rash-behari-bose-26001.html/page/8\|title=Remembering heroes of Indian freedom struggle: Rash Behari Bose\|access-date=13 October ~~2022~~}}</ref>		In the year of 1943, the Japanese government honoured him with the highest title given to a foreigner – ''The Second Order of Merit of the Rising Sun''.<ref name=r5>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/remembering-heroes-of-indian-freedom-struggle-rash-behari-bose-26001.html/page/8\|title=Remembering heroes of Indian freedom struggle: Rash Behari Bose\|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref>
	[[File: Rash Behari Bose 1967 stamp of India.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Rash Behari Bose on a 1967 stamp of India]]		[[File: Rash Behari Bose 1967 stamp of India.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Rash Behari Bose on a 1967 stamp of India]]
	On 26 December 1967, the Posts and Telegraphs Department of India issued a special postage stamp in honour of Rash Behari Bose.<ref name=r4>{{cite web\|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/rashbehari-basu/\|title=A commemorative postage stamp on Rash Behari Bose\|date=23 January 2015\|publisher=istampgallery\|access-date=13 October ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name="Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp">{{cite web\|url=http://indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/R/RASHBEHARI%20BASU%20(1886-1945)\|title=Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp\|publisher=Indian Post\|access-date=13 October ~~2022~~}}</ref>		On 26 December 1967, the Posts and Telegraphs Department of India issued a special postage stamp in honour of Rash Behari Bose.<ref name=r4>{{cite web\|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/rashbehari-basu/\|title=A commemorative postage stamp on Rash Behari Bose\|date=23 January 2015\|publisher=istampgallery\|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp">{{cite web\|url=http://indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/R/RASHBEHARI%20BASU%20(1886-1945)\|title=Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp\|publisher=Indian Post\|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref>
	In the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, a street (Rash Behari Avenue) is named in his honour.		In the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, a street (Rash Behari Avenue) is named in his honour.

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2402:3A80:1C40:59C:56D3:91A:81C7:913A at 02:42, 1 February 2022

2022-02-01T02:42:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:12, 1 February 2022
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	\| name = Rash Behari Bose		\| name = Rash Behari Bose
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/>		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/>
	\| birth_place = [[Purba Bardhaman~~\|Subaldaha]]~~, [[Bengal ~~Presidency~~]], [[British India]]<ref name="Bose">{{Cite book \|last=Bose\|first=Bejon Behari\|title=Karmabir Rash Behari\|language=bn\|date=1959\|publisher=Ila Bose\|page=48}}</ref><ref name="samsad486">{{Cite book \|last1=Sengupta\|first1=Subodhchandra\|last2=Bose\|first2=Anjali\|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan\|date=1976\|location=Calcutta\|publisher=Sishu Sahitya Samsad\|page=486}}</ref><br/>(present-day [[West Bengal]], [[India]])		\| birth_place =Village- Subaldaha,Block-Raina2, District-Purba Bardhaman, [[West Bengal]], [[British India]]<ref name="Bose">{{Cite book \|last=Bose\|first=Bejon Behari\|title=Karmabir Rash Behari\|language=bn\|date=1959\|publisher=Ila Bose\|page=48}}</ref><ref name="samsad486">{{Cite book \|last1=Sengupta\|first1=Subodhchandra\|last2=Bose\|first2=Anjali\|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan\|date=1976\|location=Calcutta\|publisher=Sishu Sahitya Samsad\|page=486}}</ref><br/>(present-day [[West Bengal]], [[India]])
	\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1945\|1\|21\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}		\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1945\|1\|21\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}
	\| death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]]		\| death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]]

106.196.5.0 at 07:37, 10 January 2022

2022-01-10T07:37:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:07, 10 January 2022
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	{{short description\|Indian independence ~~leader INA~~ leader}}		{{short description\|Indian independence leader}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2016}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2016}}
	~~{{more citations needed\|date=November 2011}}~~
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Rash Behari Bose		\| name = Rash Behari Bose
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/>		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/>
	\| birth_place = ~~Village - Subaldaha, [[British India]] (now: Dist -~~ [[Purba Bardhaman]], [[~~West~~ Bengal]], [[India]]~~) (native village)~~<ref name="Bose">{{Cite book \|last=Bose\|first=Bejon Behari\|title=Karmabir Rash Behari\|language=bn\|date=1959\|publisher=Ila Bose\|page=48}}</ref><ref name="samsad486">{{Cite book \|last1=Sengupta\|first1=Subodhchandra\|last2=Bose\|first2=Anjali\|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan\|date=1976\|location=Calcutta\|publisher=Sishu Sahitya Samsad\|page=486}}</ref>		\| birth_place = [[Purba Bardhaman\|Subaldaha]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]<ref name="Bose">{{Cite book \|last=Bose\|first=Bejon Behari\|title=Karmabir Rash Behari\|language=bn\|date=1959\|publisher=Ila Bose\|page=48}}</ref><ref name="samsad486">{{Cite book \|last1=Sengupta\|first1=Subodhchandra\|last2=Bose\|first2=Anjali\|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan\|date=1976\|location=Calcutta\|publisher=Sishu Sahitya Samsad\|page=486}}</ref><br/>(present-day [[West Bengal]], [[India]])
	\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1945\|1\|21\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}		\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1945\|1\|21\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}
	\| death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]]		\| death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]]
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	\| movement = [[Indian Independence movement]], [[Ghadar Revolution]], [[Indian National Army]]		\| movement = [[Indian Independence movement]], [[Ghadar Revolution]], [[Indian National Army]]
	\| spouse = Toshiko Bose <small>(1916–1924; her death)</small><ref name=r1/>		\| spouse = Toshiko Bose <small>(1916–1924; her death)</small><ref name=r1/>
	\| children = 2~~<br/>Masahide Bose (son)<br/>Tetsuko Bose (daughter)~~<ref name=r1/>		\| children = 2<ref name=r1/>
	\| nationality = ~~[[British Indian\|~~Indian]]		\| nationality = Indian
	\| citizenship = [[British ~~India~~]] (1886–1915)<br> [[Statelessness\|Stateless]] (1915–1923)<br> [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]] (1923–1945; his death)		\| citizenship = [[British Raj]] (1886–1915)<br> [[Statelessness\|Stateless]] (1915–1923)<br> [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]] (1923–1945; his death)
	\| organisation = [[Jugantar]], [[Hindu Mahasabha]], [[Indian Independence League]], [[Indian National Army]]		\| organisation = [[Jugantar]], [[Hindu Mahasabha]], [[Indian Independence League]], [[Indian National Army]]
	\| relatives = ~~Kali Charan Bose (paternal grandfather)<br/>Nabin Chandra Singha (maternal grandfather)<br/>Benode Behari Bose~~ (father)<br/>~~Bhubaneswari Debi~~ (mother~~)<br/>Sushila Debi (Sister)<br/>Bejon Behari Bose (brother~~)		\| relatives = [[Aizō Sōma]] (father-in-law)<br/>[[Kokkō Sōma]] (mother-in-law)
	}}		}}

	{{Anushilan Samiti}}		{{Anushilan Samiti}}
	'''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{audio\|Rasbihar Bose.ogg\|pronunciation}}~~; {{lang-bn\|রাসবিহারী বসু}} ''Rashbihari Boshu''~~; 25 May 1886{{spaced en dash}}21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the [[British Raj]]. ~~He was born in Village Subaldaha, Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal.~~ He was one of the key organisers of the [[Ghadar Mutiny]], founded ~~Japanese branch of~~ [[~~Hindu Mahasabha~~]] ~~and became president of~~ it.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/rashbehari-bose-indian-freedom-struggle-india-japan-ties-british-raj-mahatma-gandhi-toshiko-soma-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose-the-standard-bearer/story/1/10259.html}}</ref> and later the [[Indian National Army]]~~. Rash Behari Bose handed over Indian National Army~~ to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] later.		'''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{audio\|Rasbihar Bose.ogg\|pronunciation}}; 25 May 1886{{spaced en dash}}21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the [[British Raj]]. He was one of the key organisers of the [[Ghadar Mutiny]] and founded the [[First Indian National Army]] during [[World War 2]], handing it over as the [[Indian National Army]] to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] later.

	==Birth and ~~Ancestry~~==		He also founded the Japanese branch of the [[Hindu Mahasabha]], becoming its first president.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/rashbehari-bose-indian-freedom-struggle-india-japan-ties-british-raj-mahatma-gandhi-toshiko-soma-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose-the-standard-bearer/story/1/10259.html\|title=Rashbehari Bose - Indian freedom struggle, India-Japan ties, British Raj Mahatma Gandhi, Toshiko Soma, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose the standard bearer}}</ref>{{better source\|date=November 2021}}
	Rash Behari Bose was born on 25 May 1886 in a [[Bengali Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Sahai\|first=Krishna N.\|title=Ambasth Kayastha \|year=2001\|publisher=Commonwealth Publisher\|page=5\|quote= During the upsurge of national movement for freedom of India, Kayasthas were in the forefront . The great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose, Netaji Subhash Bose}}</ref> There is no controversy regarding the place of his birth. He was born in his native village named Subaldaha situated in [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (presently [[Purba Bardhaman district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]).<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> His father's name was Binod Behari Bose. Bhubaneswari Devi was his mother. Tinkori Dasi was Rashbehari Bose's foster mother.Rash Behari Bose passed his childhood in his paternal home at the village of Subaldaha in the Purba Bardhaman district under the care of his grandfather Kali Charan Bose and Bidhumukhi ~~debi~~.
			==Birth and ancestry==
			Rash Behari Bose was born on 25 May 1886 in a [[Bengali Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Sahai\|first=Krishna N.\|title=Ambasth Kayastha \|year=2001\|publisher=Commonwealth Publisher\|page=5\|quote= During the upsurge of national movement for freedom of India, Kayasthas were in the forefront. The great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose, Netaji Subhash Bose}}</ref> There is no controversy regarding the place of his birth. He was born in his native village named Subaldaha situated in the then [[Bengal Presidency]] of [[British India]] (presently [[Purba Bardhaman district]], [[West Bengal]], India).<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> His father's name was Binod Behari Bose. Bhubaneswari Devi was his mother. Tinkori Dasi was Rashbehari Bose's foster mother. Rash Behari Bose passed his childhood in his paternal home at the village of Subaldaha in the Purba Bardhaman district under the care of his grandfather Kali Charan Bose and Bidhumukhi Debi.

			The name Rash behari Bose was given to him by his grandfather Kaalicharan Bose. His mother was affected by a chronic disease in her pregnancy. For this reason, Kaalicharan Bose prayed to the Vishnu or Krishna temple for his grandson, which is situated in the village Subaldaha Dana para.{{cn\|date=November 2021}}

	== Early life ==		== Early life ==
	~~The major part of the childhood of~~ Rashbehari Bose and Sushila Sarkar ~~(his sister~~) ~~was~~ spent in the village Subaldaha. They lived in ~~this village at~~ the house of madam Bidhumukhi and his paternal house. Bidhumukhi was a widow from her early life. Bidhumukhi was the sister in law of Kalicharan Bose. His early education was completed under the supervision of his grandfather, Kalicharan Bose, at village Pathsala (Presently "[[Subaldaha Rashbehari Bose F.P School]]"). Rash Behari Bose got an education of Lathi Khela in his child at Subaldaha. He got the inspiration of revolutionary movement hearing stories from his grandfather and teacher (Bakkeswar) at his birthplace Subaldaha. He was the cynosure of all villagers. His nickname was Rasu. He was stubborn and the villagers loved him very much. It is heard from villagers that he was at Subaldaha till he was 12 or 14 years old. His father, Binod Behari Bose, was stationed in Hooghly district for few years. Bose studied at Dupleix College with his friend [[Shrish Chandra Ghosh]]. The principal Charu Chandra Roy inspired them into revolutionary politics. Later he joined "Morton school" in Kolkata. Bose later earned degrees in the medical sciences as well as in Engineering from France and Germany.		Rashbehari Bose and his sister Sushila (later, Sushila Sarkar) spent their childhood in the village of Subaldaha. They lived in the house of madam Bidhumukhi and his paternal house. Bidhumukhi was a widow from her early life. Bidhumukhi was the sister-in-law of Kalicharan Bose. So that his grandson would arrive safely to them. So his grandson was given by another name of Lord Krishna. His early education was completed under the supervision of his grandfather, Kalicharan Bose, at village Pathsala (Presently "[[Subaldaha Rashbehari Bose F.P School]]"). Rash Behari Bose got an education of Lathi Khela in his child at Subaldaha, primarily under the guidance of his grandfather. He got the inspiration of revolutionary movement hearing stories from his grandfather and teacher (Bakkeswar) at his birthplace Subaldaha. He was the cynosure of all villagers. His nickname was Rasu. He was stubborn and the villagers loved him very much. It is heard from villagers that he was at Subaldaha till he was 12 or 14 years old. His father, Binod Behari Bose, was stationed in Hooghly district for few years. During this time, Rashbehari had to move to his maternal house in Chandernagar.

			In Chandernagar, Rashbehari Bose studied at Dupleix College with his cousin and friend [[Shrish Chandra Ghosh]]. The principal Charu Chandra Roy inspired them into revolutionary politics. Later he joined "Morton school" in Kolkata. Bose later earned degrees in the medical sciences as well as in Engineering from France and Germany.



	==Revolutionary activities==		==Revolutionary activities==
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	They had two children together. Masahide Bose (Bharatchandra) was born in 1920. He died in World War II aged 24. Their daughter Tetsuko was born in 1922.<ref name=r1/>		They had two children together. Masahide Bose (Bharatchandra) was born in 1920. He died in World War II aged 24. Their daughter Tetsuko was born in 1922.<ref name=r1/>

	<gallery mode=packed widths=240px heights=240px>		<gallery mode="packed" widths="240px" heights="240px">
	Toyama Mitsuru honors Rash Behari Bose.jpg\|A dinner party given to Bose in his honour by his close Japanese friends, including [[Mitsuru Tōyama]], a right-wing nationalist and [[Pan-Asianism]] leader (centre, behind the table), and [[Tsuyoshi Inukai]], future Japanese prime minister (to the right of Tōyama). Behind Tōyama is Bose. 1915.		Toyama Mitsuru honors Rash Behari Bose.jpg\|A dinner party given to Bose in his honour by his close Japanese friends, including [[Mitsuru Tōyama]], a right-wing nationalist and [[Pan-Asianism]] leader (centre, behind the table), and [[Tsuyoshi Inukai]], future Japanese prime minister (to the right of Tōyama). Behind Tōyama is Bose. 1915.
	Rash Behari Bose and his supporters.jpg\|Bose and his Japanese supporters in 1916		Rash Behari Bose and his supporters.jpg\|Bose and his Japanese supporters in 1916
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	</gallery>		</gallery>

	== ~~In popular culture ==~~		== Legacy ==
	In an Indian Bengali Serial titled [[Netaji (2019 TV series)\|'Netaji']] played in 2019, that portrayed the life of [[Subhas Chandra Bose\|Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose]], Bengali actor Fahim Mirza was seen to have played the role of Rash Behari Bose.

	~~== Honours~~ ==
	In the year of 1943, the Japanese government honoured him with the highest title given to a foreigner – ''The Second Order of Merit of the Rising Sun''.<ref name=r5>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/remembering-heroes-of-indian-freedom-struggle-rash-behari-bose-26001.html/page/8\|title=Remembering heroes of Indian freedom struggle: Rash Behari Bose\|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref>		In the year of 1943, the Japanese government honoured him with the highest title given to a foreigner – ''The Second Order of Merit of the Rising Sun''.<ref name=r5>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/remembering-heroes-of-indian-freedom-struggle-rash-behari-bose-26001.html/page/8\|title=Remembering heroes of Indian freedom struggle: Rash Behari Bose\|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref>
	[[File: Rash Behari Bose 1967 stamp of India.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Rash Behari Bose on a 1967 stamp of India]]		[[File: Rash Behari Bose 1967 stamp of India.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Rash Behari Bose on a 1967 stamp of India]]
	On 26 December 1967, the Posts and Telegraphs Department of India issued a special postage stamp in honour of Rash Behari Bose.<ref name=r4>{{cite web\|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/rashbehari-basu/\|title=A commemorative postage stamp on Rash Behari Bose\|publisher=istampgallery\|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp">{{cite web\|url=http://indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/R/RASHBEHARI%20BASU%20(1886-1945)\|title=Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp\|publisher=Indian Post\|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref>		On 26 December 1967, the Posts and Telegraphs Department of India issued a special postage stamp in honour of Rash Behari Bose.<ref name=r4>{{cite web\|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/rashbehari-basu/\|title=A commemorative postage stamp on Rash Behari Bose\|publisher=istampgallery\|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp">{{cite web\|url=http://indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/R/RASHBEHARI%20BASU%20(1886-1945)\|title=Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp\|publisher=Indian Post\|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref>

			=== In popular culture ===
			In the 2019 Indian [[Bengali-language]] television series titled ''[[Netaji (2019 TV series)\|Netaji]]'' which depicts the life of [[Subhas Chandra Bose\|Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose]], Fahim Mirza played the role of Rash Behari Bose.

	==See also==		==See also==
	*[https://www.gyangoon.co.in/2020/05/20/rash-behari-bose/ महान स्वतंत्रता सेनानी रासबिहारी बोस]
	*[[Anushilan Samiti]]		*[[Anushilan Samiti]]
	*[[Delhi-Lahore conspiracy]]		*[[Delhi-Lahore conspiracy]]
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	*[[Gadar Mutiny]]		*[[Gadar Mutiny]]

	~~==Notes==~~
	{{reflist\|group=Notes}}		{{reflist\|group=Notes}}

>Anupamdutta73: /* Revolutionary activities */

2021-10-03T07:01:14Z

Revolutionary activities

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:31, 3 October 2021
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	{{short description\|Indian independence leader}}		{{short description\|Indian independence leader INA leader}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2016}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2016}}
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	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Rash Behari Bose		\| name = Rash Behari Bose
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/>		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/>
	\| birth_place = Village--Subaldaha, ~~Block--Raina 2,~~ Dist--[[Purba Bardhaman]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]] (native village)<ref name="Bose">{{Cite book \|last=Bose\|first=Bejon Behari\|title=Karmabir Rash Behari\|language=bn\|date=1959\|publisher=Ila Bose\|page=48}}</ref><ref name="samsad486">{{Cite book \|last1=Sengupta\|first1=Subodhchandra\|last2=Bose\|first2=Anjali\|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan\|date=1976\|location=Calcutta\|publisher=Sishu Sahitya Samsad\|page=486}}</ref>		\| birth_place = Village - Subaldaha, [[British India]] (now: Dist - [[Purba Bardhaman]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]) (native village)<ref name="Bose">{{Cite book \|last=Bose\|first=Bejon Behari\|title=Karmabir Rash Behari\|language=bn\|date=1959\|publisher=Ila Bose\|page=48}}</ref><ref name="samsad486">{{Cite book \|last1=Sengupta\|first1=Subodhchandra\|last2=Bose\|first2=Anjali\|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan\|date=1976\|location=Calcutta\|publisher=Sishu Sahitya Samsad\|page=486}}</ref>
			\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1945\|1\|21\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}
	\| death_date = {{death date and age\|1945\|1\|21\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}		\| death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]]
	\| death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]]
	\| image = Rash Behari Bose 02.jpg		\| image = Rash Behari Bose 02.jpg
	\| caption =		\| caption =
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	\| nationality = [[British Indian\|Indian]]		\| nationality = [[British Indian\|Indian]]
	\| citizenship = [[British India]] (1886–1915)<br> [[Statelessness\|Stateless]] (1915–1923)<br> [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]] (1923–1945; his death)		\| citizenship = [[British India]] (1886–1915)<br> [[Statelessness\|Stateless]] (1915–1923)<br> [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]] (1923–1945; his death)
	\| organisation = [[Jugantar]],[[Hindu Mahasabha]], [[Indian Independence League]], [[Indian National Army]]		\| organisation = [[Jugantar]], [[Hindu Mahasabha]], [[Indian Independence League]], [[Indian National Army]]
	\|relatives = Kali Charan Bose (paternal grandfather)<br/>Nabin Chandra Singha (maternal grandfather)<br/>Benode Behari Bose (father)<br/>Bhubaneswari Debi (mother)<br/>Sushila Debi (Sister)<br/>Bejon Behari Bose (brother)		\| relatives = Kali Charan Bose (paternal grandfather)<br/>Nabin Chandra Singha (maternal grandfather)<br/>Benode Behari Bose (father)<br/>Bhubaneswari Debi (mother)<br/>Sushila Debi (Sister)<br/>Bejon Behari Bose (brother)
	}}		}}

	{{Anushilan Samiti}}		{{Anushilan Samiti}}
	'''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{audio\|Rasbihar Bose.ogg\|pronunciation}}; {{lang-bn\|রাসবিহারী বসু}} ''Rashbihari Boshu''; 25 May 1886{{spaced en dash}}21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the [[British Raj]]. He was born in Village Subaldaha, Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal. He was one of the key organisers of the [[Ghadar Mutiny]], founded Japanese branch of [[Hindu Mahasabha]] and became president of it.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/rashbehari-bose-indian-freedom-struggle-india-japan-ties-british-raj-mahatma-gandhi-toshiko-soma-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose-the-standard-bearer/story/1/10259.html}}</ref> and later the [[Indian National Army]]. Rash Behari Bose handed over Indian National Army to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]].		'''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{audio\|Rasbihar Bose.ogg\|pronunciation}}; {{lang-bn\|রাসবিহারী বসু}} ''Rashbihari Boshu''; 25 May 1886{{spaced en dash}}21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the [[British Raj]]. He was born in Village Subaldaha, Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal. He was one of the key organisers of the [[Ghadar Mutiny]], founded Japanese branch of [[Hindu Mahasabha]] and became president of it.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/rashbehari-bose-indian-freedom-struggle-india-japan-ties-british-raj-mahatma-gandhi-toshiko-soma-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose-the-standard-bearer/story/1/10259.html}}</ref> and later the [[Indian National Army]]. Rash Behari Bose handed over Indian National Army to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] later.

	==Birth and Ancestry==		==Birth and Ancestry==
	Rash Behari Bose was born on 25 May 1886 in a [[Bengali Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Sahai\|first=Krishna N.\|title=Ambasth Kayastha \|year=2001\|publisher=Commonwealth Publisher\|page=5\|quote= During the upsurge of national movement for freedom of India, Kayasthas were in the forefront . The great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose, Netaji Subhash Bose}}</ref> There is no controversy regarding the place of his birth. He was born in his native village named Subaldaha situated in [[Purba Bardhaman district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> His father's name was Binod Behari Bose. Bhubaneswari Devi was his mother. Tinkori Dasi was Rashbehari Bose's foster mother.Rash Behari Bose passed his childhood in his paternal home at the village of Subaldaha in the Purba Bardhaman district under the care of his grandfather Kali Charan Bose and Bidhumukhi debi.		Rash Behari Bose was born on 25 May 1886 in a [[Bengali Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Sahai\|first=Krishna N.\|title=Ambasth Kayastha \|year=2001\|publisher=Commonwealth Publisher\|page=5\|quote= During the upsurge of national movement for freedom of India, Kayasthas were in the forefront . The great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose, Netaji Subhash Bose}}</ref> There is no controversy regarding the place of his birth. He was born in his native village named Subaldaha situated in [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (presently [[Purba Bardhaman district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]).<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> His father's name was Binod Behari Bose. Bhubaneswari Devi was his mother. Tinkori Dasi was Rashbehari Bose's foster mother.Rash Behari Bose passed his childhood in his paternal home at the village of Subaldaha in the Purba Bardhaman district under the care of his grandfather Kali Charan Bose and Bidhumukhi debi.

	== Early life ==		== Early life ==
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	==Revolutionary activities==		==Revolutionary activities==
	{{Main\|Delhi conspiracy case\|Gadar Conspiracy}}		{{Main\|Delhi conspiracy case\|Gadar Conspiracy}}
	He was interested in revolutionary activities from early on in his life, he left Bengal to shun the [[Alipore bomb case]] trials of (1908). At [[Dehradun]] he worked as a head clerk at the [[Forest Research Institute (India)\|Forest Research Institute]]. There, through [[Amarendra Chatterjee]] of the [[Jugantar]] led by [[Jatin Mukherjee]] (Bagha Jatin), he secretly got involved with the revolutionaries of [[Bengal]] and he came across eminent revolutionary members of the [[Arya Samaj]] in the United Provinces (currently [[Uttar Pradesh]]) and the [[Punjab region\|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book\|author=Uma Mukherjee\|title=Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166\|year=1966\|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay\|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166/page/n115 101]}}</ref> ~~Originally Rash Behari Bose stay few years in Hooghly district, West Bengal.~~		He was interested in revolutionary activities from early on in his life, he left Bengal to shun the [[Alipore bomb case]] trials of (1908). At [[Dehradun]] he worked as a head clerk at the [[Forest Research Institute (India)\|Forest Research Institute]]. There, through [[Amarendra Chatterjee]] of the [[Jugantar]] led by [[Jatin Mukherjee]] (Bagha Jatin), he secretly got involved with the revolutionaries of [[Bengal]] and he came across eminent revolutionary members of the [[Arya Samaj]] in the United Provinces (currently [[Uttar Pradesh]]) and the [[Punjab region\|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book\|author=Uma Mukherjee\|title=Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166\|year=1966\|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay\|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166/page/n115 101]}}</ref>
	[[File: An assassination attempt on Lord Charles Hardinge.jpg\|thumb\|left\|1912 assassination attempt on Lord Hardinge]]		[[File: An assassination attempt on Lord Charles Hardinge.jpg\|thumb\|left\|1912 assassination attempt on Lord Hardinge]]
	Following the attempt [[Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy\|to assassinate Lord Hardinge]], Rash Behari was forced to go into hiding. The attempt was made on 23 December 1912 in Delhi when [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst\|Lord Hardinge]] was in a ceremonial procession transferring the capital from Calcutta to New Delhi. He was attacked near the Red Fort by [[Basanta Kumar Biswas]] a disciple of Amrendar Chatterjee, but missed the target ~~and failed~~. The bomb was made by [[Manindra Nath Nayak]]. Bose was hunted by the colonial police due to his active participation in the failed assassination attempt directed at the [[Governor General]] and [[Viceroy]] Lord [[Charles Hardinge]] in [[Delhi]]. He returned to ~~Dehra Dun~~ by the night train and joined the office the next day as though nothing had happened. Further, he organized a meeting of loyal citizens of Dehradun to condemn the dastardly attack on the Viceroy.		Following the attempt [[Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy\|to assassinate Lord Hardinge]], Rash Behari was forced to go into hiding. The attempt was made on 23 December 1912 in Delhi when [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst\|Lord Hardinge]] was in a ceremonial procession transferring the capital from Calcutta to New Delhi. He was attacked near the Red Fort by [[Basanta Kumar Biswas]], a disciple of Amrendar Chatterjee, but missed the target. The bomb was made by [[Manindra Nath Nayak]]. Bose was hunted by the colonial police due to his active participation in the failed assassination attempt directed at the [[Governor General]] and [[Viceroy]] Lord [[Charles Hardinge]] in [[Delhi]]. He returned to Dehradun by the night train and joined the office the next day as though nothing had happened. Further, he organized a meeting of loyal citizens of Dehradun to condemn the dastardly attack on the Viceroy.

	Lord Hardinge, in his ''My Indian Years'', described the whole incident in an interesting way. During the flood relief work in Bengal in 1913, he came in contact with [[Jatin Mukherjee]] in whom he "discovered a real leader of men," who "added a new impulse" to Rash Behari's failing zeal.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Uma Mukherjee\|title=Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166\|year=1966\|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay\|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166/page/n133 119]}}</ref> Thus during [[World War I]] he became extensively involved as one of the leading figures of the [[Gadar Conspiracy\|Gadar Revolution]] that attempted to trigger a mutiny in India in February 1915. Trusted and tried Ghadrites were sent to several cantonments to infiltrate into the army. The idea of the [[Gadar Conspiracy\|Gadar]] leaders was that with the war raging in Europe most of the soldiers had gone out of India and the rest could be easily won over. The revolution failed and most of the revolutionaries were arrested. But Rash Behari managed to escape British intelligence and reached Japan in 1915.		Lord Hardinge, in his ''My Indian Years'', described the whole incident in an interesting way. During the flood relief work in Bengal in 1913, he came in contact with [[Jatin Mukherjee]] in whom he "discovered a real leader of men," who "added a new impulse" to Rash Behari's failing zeal.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Uma Mukherjee\|title=Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166\|year=1966\|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay\|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166/page/n133 119]}}</ref> Thus during [[World War I]] he became extensively involved as one of the leading figures of the [[Gadar Conspiracy\|Gadar Revolution]] that attempted to trigger a mutiny in India in February 1915. Trusted and tried Ghadrites were sent to several cantonments to infiltrate into the army. The idea of the [[Gadar Conspiracy\|Gadar]] leaders was that with the war raging in Europe most of the soldiers had gone out of India and the rest could be easily won over. The revolution failed and most of the revolutionaries were arrested. But Rash Behari managed to escape British intelligence and reached Japan in 1915.

imported>TheTaluktae: Added content ,provided reference link

2021-08-22T07:17:05Z

Added content ,provided reference link

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:47, 22 August 2021
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	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Rash Behari Bose		\| name = Rash Behari Bose
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/><ref name="Bosu">{{Cite book \|last=Mukherjee\|first=Uma\|title=Two Great Indian Revolutionaries\|date=1966\|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay\|location=Calcutta\|page=97\|quote=''Born in the village of Parala-Bighati near Bhadreswar in the district of Hooghly in the house of his maternal uncle on May 25, 1886, Rash Behari Bose passed his childhood in his paternal home at the village of Subaldaha in the Burdwan district under the care of his grandfather Kali Charan Bose.''}}</ref>		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1886\|5\|25\|df=y}}<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/>
	\| birth_place = Village--Subaldaha, Block--Raina 2, Dist--[[Purba Bardhaman]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]] (native village)<ref name="Bose">{{Cite book \|last=Bose\|first=Bejon Behari\|title=Karmabir Rash Behari\|language=bn\|date=1959\|publisher=Ila Bose\|page=48}}</ref><ref name="samsad486">{{Cite book \|last1=Sengupta\|first1=Subodhchandra\|last2=Bose\|first2=Anjali\|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan\|date=1976\|location=Calcutta\|publisher=Sishu Sahitya Samsad\|page=486}}</ref>		\| birth_place = Village--Subaldaha, Block--Raina 2, Dist--[[Purba Bardhaman]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]] (native village)<ref name="Bose">{{Cite book \|last=Bose\|first=Bejon Behari\|title=Karmabir Rash Behari\|language=bn\|date=1959\|publisher=Ila Bose\|page=48}}</ref><ref name="samsad486">{{Cite book \|last1=Sengupta\|first1=Subodhchandra\|last2=Bose\|first2=Anjali\|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan\|date=1976\|location=Calcutta\|publisher=Sishu Sahitya Samsad\|page=486}}</ref>

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	\| nationality = [[British Indian\|Indian]]		\| nationality = [[British Indian\|Indian]]
	\| citizenship = [[British India]] (1886–1915)<br> [[Statelessness\|Stateless]] (1915–1923)<br> [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]] (1923–1945; his death)		\| citizenship = [[British India]] (1886–1915)<br> [[Statelessness\|Stateless]] (1915–1923)<br> [[Imperial Japan\|Japan]] (1923–1945; his death)
	\| organisation = [[Jugantar]], [[Indian Independence League]], [[Indian National Army]]		\| organisation = [[Jugantar]],[[Hindu Mahasabha]], [[Indian Independence League]], [[Indian National Army]]
	\|relatives = Kali Charan Bose (paternal grandfather)<br/>Nabin Chandra Singha (maternal grandfather)<br/>Benode Behari Bose (father)<br/>Bhubaneswari Debi (mother)<br/>Sushila Debi (Sister)<br/>Bejon Behari Bose (brother)		\|relatives = Kali Charan Bose (paternal grandfather)<br/>Nabin Chandra Singha (maternal grandfather)<br/>Benode Behari Bose (father)<br/>Bhubaneswari Debi (mother)<br/>Sushila Debi (Sister)<br/>Bejon Behari Bose (brother)
	}}		}}

	{{Anushilan Samiti}}		{{Anushilan Samiti}}
	'''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{audio\|Rasbihar Bose.ogg\|pronunciation}}; {{lang-bn\|রাসবিহারী বসু}} ''Rashbihari Boshu''; 25 May 1886{{spaced en dash}}21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the [[British Raj]]. He was born in Village Subaldaha, Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal. He was one of the key organisers of the [[Ghadar Mutiny]], and later the [[Indian National Army]]. Rash Behari Bose handed over Indian National Army to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]].		'''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{audio\|Rasbihar Bose.ogg\|pronunciation}}; {{lang-bn\|রাসবিহারী বসু}} ''Rashbihari Boshu''; 25 May 1886{{spaced en dash}}21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the [[British Raj]]. He was born in Village Subaldaha, Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal. He was one of the key organisers of the [[Ghadar Mutiny]], founded Japanese branch of [[Hindu Mahasabha]] and became president of it.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/rashbehari-bose-indian-freedom-struggle-india-japan-ties-british-raj-mahatma-gandhi-toshiko-soma-netaji-subhas-chandra-bose-the-standard-bearer/story/1/10259.html}}</ref> and later the [[Indian National Army]]. Rash Behari Bose handed over Indian National Army to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]].

	==Birth and Ancestry==		==Birth and Ancestry==
	Rash Behari Bose was born on 25 May 1886 in a [[Bengali Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Sahai\|first=Krishna N.\|title=Ambasth Kayastha \|year=2001\|publisher=Commonwealth Publisher\|page=5\|quote= During the upsurge of national movement for freedom of India, Kayasthas were in the forefront . The great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose, Netaji Subhash Bose}}</ref> There is no controversy regarding the place of his birth. He was born in his native village named Subaldaha situated in [[Purba Bardhaman district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> His father's name was Binod Behari Bose. Bhubaneswari Devi was his mother. Tinkori Dasi was Rashbehari Bose's foster mother.		Rash Behari Bose was born on 25 May 1886 in a [[Bengali Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Sahai\|first=Krishna N.\|title=Ambasth Kayastha \|year=2001\|publisher=Commonwealth Publisher\|page=5\|quote= During the upsurge of national movement for freedom of India, Kayasthas were in the forefront . The great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose, Netaji Subhash Bose}}</ref> There is no controversy regarding the place of his birth. He was born in his native village named Subaldaha situated in [[Purba Bardhaman district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> His father's name was Binod Behari Bose. Bhubaneswari Devi was his mother. Tinkori Dasi was Rashbehari Bose's foster mother.Rash Behari Bose passed his childhood in his paternal home at the village of Subaldaha in the Purba Bardhaman district under the care of his grandfather Kali Charan Bose and Bidhumukhi debi.

	== Early life ==		== Early life ==

Khan786: Created page with "{{short description|Indian independence leader}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} {{more citations needed|date=November 2011}} {{Info..."

2021-08-05T16:39:08Z

Created page with "{{short description|Indian independence leader}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} {{more citations needed|date=November 2011}} {{Info..."

New page

{{short description|Indian independence leader}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2011}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rash Behari Bose
| birth_date = {{birth date|1886|5|25|df=y}}<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/><ref name="Bosu">{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee|first=Uma|title=Two Great Indian Revolutionaries|date=1966|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay|location=Calcutta|page=97|quote=''Born in the village of Parala-Bighati near Bhadreswar in the district of Hooghly in the house of his maternal uncle on May 25, 1886, Rash Behari Bose passed his childhood in his paternal home at the village of Subaldaha in the Burdwan district under the care of his grandfather Kali Charan Bose.''}}</ref>
| birth_place = Village--Subaldaha, Block--Raina 2, Dist--[[Purba Bardhaman]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]] (native village)<ref name="Bose">{{Cite book |last=Bose|first=Bejon Behari|title=Karmabir Rash Behari|language=bn|date=1959|publisher=Ila Bose|page=48}}</ref><ref name="samsad486">{{Cite book |last1=Sengupta|first1=Subodhchandra|last2=Bose|first2=Anjali|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan|date=1976|location=Calcutta|publisher=Sishu Sahitya Samsad|page=486}}</ref>

| death_date = {{death date and age|1945|1|21|1886|5|25|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Imperial Japan|Japan]]
| image = Rash Behari Bose 02.jpg
| caption =
| movement = [[Indian Independence movement]], [[Ghadar Revolution]], [[Indian National Army]]
| spouse = Toshiko Bose (1916–1924; her death)<ref name=r1/>
| children = 2 Masahide Bose (son) Tetsuko Bose (daughter)<ref name=r1/>
| nationality = [[British Indian|Indian]]
| citizenship = [[British India]] (1886–1915) [[Statelessness|Stateless]] (1915–1923) [[Imperial Japan|Japan]] (1923–1945; his death)
| organisation = [[Jugantar]], [[Indian Independence League]], [[Indian National Army]]
|relatives = Kali Charan Bose (paternal grandfather) Nabin Chandra Singha (maternal grandfather) Benode Behari Bose (father) Bhubaneswari Debi (mother) Sushila Debi (Sister) Bejon Behari Bose (brother)
}}

{{Anushilan Samiti}}
'''Rash Behari Bose''' ({{audio|Rasbihar Bose.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{lang-bn|রাসবিহারী বসু}} ''Rashbihari Boshu''; 25 May 1886{{spaced en dash}}21 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the [[British Raj]]. He was born in Village Subaldaha, Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal. He was one of the key organisers of the [[Ghadar Mutiny]], and later the [[Indian National Army]]. Rash Behari Bose handed over Indian National Army to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]].

==Birth and Ancestry==
Rash Behari Bose was born on 25 May 1886 in a [[Bengali Kayastha]] family.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sahai|first=Krishna N.|title=Ambasth Kayastha |year=2001|publisher=Commonwealth Publisher|page=5|quote= During the upsurge of national movement for freedom of India, Kayasthas were in the forefront . The great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose, Netaji Subhash Bose}}</ref> There is no controversy regarding the place of his birth. He was born in his native village named Subaldaha situated in [[Purba Bardhaman district]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref name="Bose"/><ref name="samsad486"/> His father's name was Binod Behari Bose. Bhubaneswari Devi was his mother. Tinkori Dasi was Rashbehari Bose's foster mother.

== Early life ==
The major part of the childhood of Rashbehari Bose and Sushila Sarkar (his sister) was spent in the village Subaldaha. They lived in this village at the house of madam Bidhumukhi and his paternal house. Bidhumukhi was a widow from her early life. Bidhumukhi was the sister in law of Kalicharan Bose. His early education was completed under the supervision of his grandfather, Kalicharan Bose, at village Pathsala (Presently "[[Subaldaha Rashbehari Bose F.P School]]"). Rash Behari Bose got an education of Lathi Khela in his child at Subaldaha. He got the inspiration of revolutionary movement hearing stories from his grandfather and teacher (Bakkeswar) at his birthplace Subaldaha. He was the cynosure of all villagers. His nickname was Rasu. He was stubborn and the villagers loved him very much. It is heard from villagers that he was at Subaldaha till he was 12 or 14 years old. His father, Binod Behari Bose, was stationed in Hooghly district for few years. Bose studied at Dupleix College with his friend [[Shrish Chandra Ghosh]]. The principal Charu Chandra Roy inspired them into revolutionary politics. Later he joined "Morton school" in Kolkata. Bose later earned degrees in the medical sciences as well as in Engineering from France and Germany.

==Revolutionary activities==
{{Main|Delhi conspiracy case|Gadar Conspiracy}}
He was interested in revolutionary activities from early on in his life, he left Bengal to shun the [[Alipore bomb case]] trials of (1908). At [[Dehradun]] he worked as a head clerk at the [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]]. There, through [[Amarendra Chatterjee]] of the [[Jugantar]] led by [[Jatin Mukherjee]] (Bagha Jatin), he secretly got involved with the revolutionaries of [[Bengal]] and he came across eminent revolutionary members of the [[Arya Samaj]] in the United Provinces (currently [[Uttar Pradesh]]) and the [[Punjab region|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Uma Mukherjee|title=Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166|year=1966|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166/page/n115 101]}}</ref> Originally Rash Behari Bose stay few years in Hooghly district, West Bengal.
[[File: An assassination attempt on Lord Charles Hardinge.jpg|thumb|left|1912 assassination attempt on Lord Hardinge]]
Following the attempt [[Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy|to assassinate Lord Hardinge]], Rash Behari was forced to go into hiding. The attempt was made on 23 December 1912 in Delhi when [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Lord Hardinge]] was in a ceremonial procession transferring the capital from Calcutta to New Delhi. He was attacked near the Red Fort by [[Basanta Kumar Biswas]] a disciple of Amrendar Chatterjee, but missed the target and failed. The bomb was made by [[Manindra Nath Nayak]]. Bose was hunted by the colonial police due to his active participation in the failed assassination attempt directed at the [[Governor General]] and [[Viceroy]] Lord [[Charles Hardinge]] in [[Delhi]]. He returned to Dehra Dun by the night train and joined the office the next day as though nothing had happened. Further, he organized a meeting of loyal citizens of Dehradun to condemn the dastardly attack on the Viceroy.

Lord Hardinge, in his ''My Indian Years'', described the whole incident in an interesting way. During the flood relief work in Bengal in 1913, he came in contact with [[Jatin Mukherjee]] in whom he "discovered a real leader of men," who "added a new impulse" to Rash Behari's failing zeal.<ref>{{cite book|author=Uma Mukherjee|title=Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166|year=1966|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100166/page/n133 119]}}</ref> Thus during [[World War I]] he became extensively involved as one of the leading figures of the [[Gadar Conspiracy|Gadar Revolution]] that attempted to trigger a mutiny in India in February 1915. Trusted and tried Ghadrites were sent to several cantonments to infiltrate into the army. The idea of the [[Gadar Conspiracy|Gadar]] leaders was that with the war raging in Europe most of the soldiers had gone out of India and the rest could be easily won over. The revolution failed and most of the revolutionaries were arrested. But Rash Behari managed to escape British intelligence and reached Japan in 1915.

==Indian National Army==
Bose fled to Japan in 1915, under the alias of Priyanath Thakur, a relative of Rabindranath Thakur.<ref name=r1>{{Cite news|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/rabibashoriyo/remembering-rash-behari-bose-and-his-wife-toshiko-bose-in-their-marriage-anniversary-1.828592|title=বাংলা থেকে রান্না-শাড়ি পরা, জাপানি বউকে শিখিয়েছিলেন রাসবিহারী বসু|last=বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়|first=পারিজাত|work=Anandabazar Patrika|language=bn|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> There, Bose found shelter with various [[Pan-Asianism|Pan-Asian]] groups. From 1915–1918, he changed residences and identities numerous times, as the British kept pressing the Japanese government for his extradition. He married the daughter of [[Aizō Sōma]] and [[Kokkō Sōma]], the owners of Nakamuraya bakery in Tokyo and noted Pan-Asian supporters in 1918, and became a Japanese citizen in 1923, living as a journalist and writer. It is also significant that he was instrumental in introducing Indian-style curry in Japan. Though more expensive than the usual "British-style" curry, it became quite popular, with Rash Bihari becoming known as "Bose of Nakamuraya".

Bose along with [[A M Nair]] was instrumental in persuading the Japanese authorities to stand by the Indian patriots and ultimately to officially actively support the Indian independence struggle abroad. Bose convened a conference [[Tokyo Conference|in Tokyo]] on 28–30 March 1942, which decided to establish the ''[[Indian Independence League]]''. At the conference, he moved a motion to raise an army for Indian independence. He convened the second conference of the League [[Bangkok Conference|at Bangkok]] on 22 June 1942. It was at this conference that a resolution was adopted to invite [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] to join the League and take its command as its president.

The Indian prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in the [[Japanese occupation of Malaya, North Borneo, and Sarawak|Malaya]] and [[Burma]] fronts were encouraged to join the Indian Independence League and become the soldiers of the [[Indian National Army]] (INA), formed on 1 September 1942 as the military wing of Rash Behari Bose's Indian National League. He selected the flag for the [[Azad Hind]] movement and handed over the flag to [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]. But although he handed over the power, his organizational structure remained, and it was on the organizational spadework of Rash Behari Bose. Rash Behari Bose built the Indian National Army (also called 'Azad Hind Fauj'). Prior to his death caused by tuberculosis, the Japanese Government honoured him with the [[Order of the Rising Sun]] (2nd grade).

== Personal life ==
Bose met Toshiko Soma when he was hiding at her house in [[Shinjuku|Shinjuku City]]. She was the daughter of [[Aizō Sōma]] and [[Kokkō Sōma]], the owners of Nakamuraya bakery ([[:ja:中村屋]]) in Tokyo and noted Pan-Asian supporters in 1918. At that time, Bose was a fugitive with the British searching for him. Their initial contact was during those intense moments of hiding though without any interactions. In 1916, when Bose was a fugitive no more, he invited the Soma family to his house as a gesture of gratitude. That was the first instance of their interaction in a social context.<ref name=r1/>

However, Bose stuck out like a sore thumb in Japan. People would consider them with suspicion. [[Tōyama Mitsuru|Mitsuru Toyama]], as a solution proposed to the Soma's a marriage between Toshiko and Rashbehari. He thought that marriage with a Japanese citizen would make it easy for Bose to apply for citizenship. Despite their initial reservations, the Soma's agreed to the match. When they asked for Toshiko's consent, she took three weeks to decide.<ref name=r1/>

They had a happy marriage that lasted for eight years. Bose taught Toshiko Bengali and how to wear a sari. Bose got Japanese citizenship in 1923. Toshiko's health declined soon after and it claimed her life in 1924. After her death, he never remarried. They were buried together after Bose's death.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nathan|first=Richard|date=12 March 2021|title=Changing Nations: The Japanese Girl With a Book|url=https://www.redcircleauthors.com/news-and-views/changing-nations-the-japanese-girl-with-a-book/|url-status=live|website=Red Circle Authors}}</ref>

They had two children together. Masahide Bose (Bharatchandra) was born in 1920. He died in World War II aged 24. Their daughter Tetsuko was born in 1922.<ref name=r1/>

<gallery mode=packed widths=240px heights=240px>
Toyama Mitsuru honors Rash Behari Bose.jpg|A dinner party given to Bose in his honour by his close Japanese friends, including [[Mitsuru Tōyama]], a right-wing nationalist and [[Pan-Asianism]] leader (centre, behind the table), and [[Tsuyoshi Inukai]], future Japanese prime minister (to the right of Tōyama). Behind Tōyama is Bose. 1915.
Rash Behari Bose and his supporters.jpg|Bose and his Japanese supporters in 1916
Rash Behari Bose and his wife Toshiko.jpg|Bose with wife c. 1918
Rash Behari Bose 1967 stamp of India.jpg|Bose on a 1967 stamp of India
</gallery>

== In popular culture ==
In an Indian Bengali Serial titled [[Netaji (2019 TV series)|'Netaji']] played in 2019, that portrayed the life of [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose]], Bengali actor Fahim Mirza was seen to have played the role of Rash Behari Bose.

== Honours ==
In the year of 1943, the Japanese government honoured him with the highest title given to a foreigner – ''The Second Order of Merit of the Rising Sun''.<ref name=r5>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/remembering-heroes-of-indian-freedom-struggle-rash-behari-bose-26001.html/page/8|title=Remembering heroes of Indian freedom struggle: Rash Behari Bose|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref>
[[File: Rash Behari Bose 1967 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|left|Rash Behari Bose on a 1967 stamp of India]]
On 26 December 1967, the Posts and Telegraphs Department of India issued a special postage stamp in honour of Rash Behari Bose.<ref name=r4>{{cite web|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/rashbehari-basu/|title=A commemorative postage stamp on Rash Behari Bose|publisher=istampgallery|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp">{{cite web|url=http://indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/R/RASHBEHARI%20BASU%20(1886-1945)|title=Rashbehari Basu commemorative stamp|publisher=Indian Post|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
*[https://www.gyangoon.co.in/2020/05/20/rash-behari-bose/ महान स्वतंत्रता सेनानी रासबिहारी बोस]
*[[Anushilan Samiti]]
*[[Delhi-Lahore conspiracy]]
*[[Hindu–German Conspiracy]]
*[[Gadar Mutiny]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=Notes}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|last=Eston|first=Elizabeth|year=2019|title=Rash Behari Bose: The Father of the Indian National Army, Vols 1-6|url=https://www.amazon.in/dp/B07QMVG6GX/|publisher=Tenraidou}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}
*[http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/entity/rash-behari-bose Rash Behari Bose materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]
* [https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/09/asia/japan-indian-freedom-fighter-hnk-intl The Indian revolutionary who fought to overthrow British rule while living in Japan] ''[[CNN]]''
*[http://www.nakamuraya.co.jp/index.html Shinjuku Nakamuraya 新宿中村屋]
{{Azad Hind Fauj}}
{{Ghadar Conspiracy}}
{{Indian independence movement}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bose, Rash Behari}}
[[Category:Anushilan Samiti]]
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule]]
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]
[[Category:Indian Independence League]]
[[Category:People from Bardhaman]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Bengali people|Bose, Rashbehari]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries|Bose, Rashbehari]]
[[Category:Indian National Army personnel]]
[[Category:Japanese people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Subhas Chandra Bose]]
[[Category:Indian exiles]]
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[[Category:Naturalized citizens of Japan]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class]]
[[Category:British Malaya military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Military personnel from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:West Bengal politicians]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis deaths in Japan]]