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{{Short description|Fort in Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = Ranthambore Fort
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| image = Ranthambhore Fort.jpg
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| caption = Ranthambore Fort in Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan, India
| locmapin = Rajasthan#India
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| coordinates = {{coord|26|1|13|N|76|27|18|E|type:landmark_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline, title}}
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| type = [[Fortress]]
| etymology =
| location = [[Sawai Madhopur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| nearest_city =
| area = {{convert|102|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}
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| built = 10th Century CE
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| designation1 = WHS
| designation1_offname =
| designation1_type = Cultural
| designation1_criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii)(iii)}}(ii)(iii)
| designation1_date = 2013 (37th [[World Heritage Committee|session]])
| delisted1_date =
| designation1_partof = [[Hill Forts of Rajasthan]]
| designation1_number = 247
| designation1_free1name = ID
| designation1_free1value = 247rev-003
| designation1_free2name = Region
| designation1_free2value = Asia and the Pacific
| designation1_free3name = Buffer Zone
| designation1_free3value = {{convert|372|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}
}}
'''Ranthambore Fort''' lies within the [[Ranthambore National Park]], near the city of [[Sawai Madhopur]] in [[Sawai Madhopur district]] of [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. the park being the former hunting grounds of the [[Maharajah]]s of [[Jaipur State|Jaipur]] until the time of [[Partition of India|India's Independence]]. It is a formidable fort having been a focal point of the historical developments of [[Rajasthan]]. The fort is believed to be constructed by the [[Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura|Chahamanas]]. In the 13th century the [[Delhi Sultanate]] captured it for a brief time. The fort provides a panoramic view of the surrounding Ranthambore National Park and is now a popular tourist attraction.

In 2013, at the 37th session of the [[World Heritage Committee]], Ranthambore Fort, along with 5 other forts of Rajasthan, was declared a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]] under the group [[Hill Forts of Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/247/multiple=1&unique_number=1947|title=UNESCO World Heritage|access-date=27 Feb 2018}}</ref>

== History ==
The oldest settlement in the area near Sawai Madhopur was around the Ranthambhore fort. The exact origin of the Ranthambore fort is still disputed but it is generally accepted that there was a settlement at the site of the Fort, as far back as the 8th century A.D. It is widely believed that the construction of the Ranthambhore Fort was started during the reign of the [[Chauhan]] [[Rajput]] King Sapaldaksha in 944 AD. Another theory stipulates that King Jayant, also a Chauhan rajput, built the Ranthambore Fort during 1110 AD. It is most likely that the construction of the fort commenced during the mid 10th Century A.D. and continued for a few centuries after that.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hill Forts of Rajasthan: Ranthambore|url=http://hillfortsrajasthan.nic.in/ranthambore-fort/history.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113141415/http://hillfortsrajasthan.nic.in/ranthambore-fort/history.html|archive-date=13 Jan 2017|access-date=6 March 2016|publisher=Amber Development & Management Authority}}</ref>

=== Under Chauhans ===
{{see also|Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura}}
Its earlier name was Ranastambhapura (Sanskrit: ''Raṇa-sthaṃba-pura'', "City of the Battle Post").<ref>{{cite book |author=Aditya Malik |title=Hammīra: Chapters in Imagination, Time, History |series=Religion and Society |volume=83 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-065959-7 |year=2021 |page=19 }}</ref> It was associated with [[Jainism]] during the reign of [[Prithviraja I]] of [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]] (Chauhan) dynasty in the 12th century. Siddhasenasuri, who lived in the 12th century has included this place in the list of holy [[Jain]] tirthas. In the Mughal period, a temple of Mallinatha was built in the fort.<ref name="Singh2001">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Narendra|title=Encyclopaedia of Jainism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnJIIeHLB4sC&pg=PA5538|volume=1|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Anmol Publications / Indo-European Jain Research Foundation|isbn=978-81-261-0691-2|page=5538}}</ref>

After the defeat of [[Prithviraja III]] ([[Prithviraj Chauhan]]) in 1192 CE, the fort came under the control of the Muslim [[Ghurid]] ruler [[Muhammad of Ghor]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |year=1959 |isbn=9780842606189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ |page=102 }}</ref>

The Delhi Sultan [[Iltutmish]] captured Ranthambore in 1226, but the Chauhans recaptured it after his death in 1236. The armies of Sultan [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)|Nasiruddin Mahmud]], led by the future Sultan [[Balban]], unsuccessfully besieged the fortress in 1248 and 1253, but captured from Jaitrasingh Chauhan in 1259. Shakti Dev succeeded Jaitrasingh in 1283, and recaptured Ranthambore and enlarged the kingdom. Sultan [[Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji]] briefly besieged the fort in 1290-91 but was unsuccessful in capturing it. In 1299, [[Hammiradeva]] sheltered Muhammad Shah, a rebel general of Sultan [[Ala ud din Khalji]], and refused to turn him over to the Sultan. The Sultan [[Siege of Ranthambore (1301)|besieged and conquered]] the fort in 1301.

=== Under Mewar ===
The fortress was captured by various kings of [[Mewar]]. Ranthambore was under the direct rule of Rana Hamir Singh (1326–1364), [[Kumbha of Mewar|Rana Kumbha]] (1433–1468) and [[Rana Sanga]] (1508–1528).<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iGSKTttoa3IC&printsec=frontcover&dq=dictionary+of+Medieval+India+By+Iqtidar+Alam+Khan+pg+126&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicj6Pg3vPoAhX57XMBHYLcAOQQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q&f=true Historical Dictionary of Medieval India By Iqtidar Alam Khan pg 126]</ref><ref>IA, Vol. XLII, pp. 57-64</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZWgj-YMdVEC&q=Nagavaloka&pg=PA123 |title=Yasovarman of Kanau, p.123 |access-date=2012-09-25|last1=Mishra |first1=Shyam Manohar |year=1977 }}</ref>

=== Under Hadas ===
[[File:1569-Akbar's entry into the fort of Ranthambhor.jpg|thumb|[[Akbar]]'s entry into the fort of Ranthambore, 1569, [[Akbarnama]]]]
During Rana [[Udai Singh I]]'s reign (1468–1473) the fortress passed to the [[Hara Chauhan|Hada]] Rajputs of [[Bundi]]. Sultan [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat]] briefly captured the fortress from 1532 to 1535. The Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]] captured the fortress in [[Siege of Ranthambore (1568)]] from Hadas.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

=== Under Jaipur ===
The fortress passed to the [[Kachwaha]] Maharajas of [[Jaipur]] in the 17th century, and it remained part of Jaipur state until Indian [[Independence]]. The area surrounding the fortress became a hunting ground for the Maharajas of Jaipur. [[Jaipur]] state acceded to India in 1949, becoming part of the state of [[Rajasthan]] in 1950.

=== Temples ===
Inside Ranthambore fort, there are three [[Hindus|Hindu]] temples dedicated to [[Ganesha]], [[Shiva]] and [[Rama|Ramlalaji]] constructed in 12th and 13th centuries from red Karauli stone. There is also a [[Jainism|Jain]] temple of Lord [[Sumatinath]] (5th Jain Tirthankar) and Lord [[Sambhavanath]].

== Nearby attractions ==
;Water gateways
#Kachida Valley
#Surwal Lake
#Sitla Mata

;Picnic sports
#Malik Talao

;Wild life
#Bakula
#Lakarda And Anantpura
#[[Rajbagh]] Talao
#Ranthambore National Park

;Historical places
#Jogi Mahal
#Padam Talao
#Raj Bagh Ruins
#Ranthambhore Fort
#Ranthambhore School Of Art
#Ganesha temple
#Jain Temple

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
RNP-A.JPG|The way inside the fort
RNP-8.JPG|History of Ranthambore Fort written on the wall
Ranthambore_Fort_Jain_Temple_Entrance.jpg|Jain temple at Ranthambore Fort
Battees Khamba (32 Pillars).jpg|Battees Khamba
Annapurna Temple.jpg|Annapurna Temple
Fine rock art at Ranthambhore Fort.jpg|Fine rock art at Ranthambhore Fort
Old tomb,ranthambor fort.jpg|Old tomb, Ranthambore Fort
Rani haveli.jpg|Rani Haveli
Ranthambore Fort Jain Temple.jpg|Ranthambore Fort Jain Temple
RNP-4.JPG|Entrance
Naulakha gate,ranthambor fort.jpg|Naulakha Gate, Ranthambhore Fort
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Hill Forts of Rajasthan]]
* [[Chamatkarji]]
* [[Sawai Madhopur District]]
* [[Sawai Madhopur]]
* [[Rajiv Gandhi Regional Museum of Natural History]]
* [[Shilpgram, Sawai Madhopur]]
* [[Sawai Madhopur railway station]]

== References ==
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}

{{Forts in Rajasthan}}

{{World Heritage Sites in India}}

[[Category:Forts in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajput era]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Sawai Madhopur district]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in India]]
[[Category:10th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 944]]

Ranthambore Fort - Revision history

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