Rani Bhabani - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 18:37, 10 December 2022
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	{{Short description\|Queen}}		{{Short description\|Queen}}
	~~{{multiple issues\|~~
	~~{{more citations needed\|date=September 2009}}~~
	~~{{Cleanup\|date=June 2011}}~~
	~~{{Fanpov\|date=April 2019}}~~
	}}
	{{Infobox royalty		{{Infobox royalty
	\| name = Rani Bhabani		\| name = Rani Bhabani
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	\| birth_date =		\| birth_date =
	\| birth_place = [[Bogra]], [[Bengal Subah]]		\| birth_place = [[Bogra]], [[Bengal Subah]]
	\| death_date =		\| death_date = 1803<ref name="Dutt">{{cite book\|author=Manmatha Nath Dutt\|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Gleanings_from_Indian_Classics/ZJgoAAAAYAAJ\|title=Gleanings from Indian Classics Volume 2\|publisher=G.C. Chackravarti at the Deva Press\|year=1893\|isbn=\|page=}}</ref>
	\| death_place = [[Natore]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]		\| death_place = [[Natore]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
	\| place of burial =		\| place of burial =
	\| reign =		\| reign = 1748 - 1803
	\| succession =		\| succession =
	\| predecessor = Raja Ramkanta Moitra		\| predecessor = Raja Ramkanta Moitra
	\| successor =		\| successor = Raja Ramkrisna<ref name="Glass ceiling"/>
	\| spouse = Raja Ramkanta Moitra		\| spouse = Raja Ramkanta Moitra
	\| issue =		\| issue =
	\| royal house =		\| royal house =
	\| dynasty =		\| dynasty =
	\| father =		\| father = Atmaram Choudhury
	\| mother =		\| mother =
	\|religion = [[Hinduism]]		\|religion = [[Hinduism]]
	\|}}		\|}}
	'''Rani Bhabani''' ({{lang-bn\|[[:bn:নাটোরের মহারানী\|রাণী ভবাণী]]}}) (~~1716–1795~~) was a [[Hindu]] [[zamindar]]~~, also known as the 'Queen of [[Natore]]'~~<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/250-year-old-temple-in-bengal-village-faces-wrath-of-a-river-administration-sleeps/story-8T0s4N64y8k38uZdvpSEDN.html\|title=250-year-old temple in Bengal village faces wrath of a river, administration sleeps\|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> during the British colonial era in what is now of [[Rajshahi Division\|Rajshahi]], [[Bangladesh]].<ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite book \|last=Mahmood \|first=ABM \|year=2012 \|chapter=Rani Bhabani \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rani_Bhabani \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> She ~~was married to Maharaja~~ Ramkanta Moitra (Ray), 'Zamindar' of [[Natore Rajbari\|Natore estate]]. [[Rajshahi Raj]] or Natore estate was a large [[zamindari]] which occupied a vast position of [[Bengal]]. The [[Natore Rajbari\|Natore estate]] had an area of nearly {{convert\|13,000\|sqmi\|km2\|order=flip}} and included not only much of North Bengal but also large parts of the areas later comprising the administrative districts of Murshidabad, Nadia, Jessore, Birbhum and Burdwan. After the death of her husband, [[Rani]] Bhabani of [[Natore Rajbari]], expanded both the estate and the palace.
			[[File:Char bangla mandir.JPG\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Char Bangla Temple in Baranagar, Murshidabad built by Rani Bhabani]]

			'''Rani Bhabani''' ({{lang-bn\|[[:bn:নাটোরের মহারানী\|রাণী ভবাণী]]}}) (1716–1803), also known as ''Ardhabangeshwari''(অর্ধবঙ্গেশ্বরী) and ''Natorer Rani'' or the Queen of [[Natore]], was a [[Hindu]] [[zamindar]]<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/250-year-old-temple-in-bengal-village-faces-wrath-of-a-river-administration-sleeps/story-8T0s4N64y8k38uZdvpSEDN.html\|title=250-year-old temple in Bengal village faces wrath of a river, administration sleeps\|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> during the British colonial era in what is now [[Rajshahi Division\|Rajshahi]], [[Bangladesh]].<ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite book \|last=Mahmood \|first=ABM \|year=2012 \|chapter=Rani Bhabani \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rani_Bhabani \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> She became the zamindar after the death of her husband Raja Ramkanta Moitra (Ray), 'Zamindar' of [[Natore Rajbari\|Natore estate]]. The [[Rajshahi Raj]] or Natore estate was a large [[zamindari]] which occupied a vast position of [[Bengal]]. The [[Natore Rajbari\|Natore estate]] had an area of nearly {{convert\|13,000\|sqmi\|km2\|order=flip}} and included not only much of [[North Bengal]] but also large parts of the areas later comprising the administrative districts of [[Murshidabad]], [[Nadia]], [[Jessore]], [[Birbhum]] and [[Burdwan]]. After the death of her husband, [[Rani]] Bhabani of [[Natore Rajbari]], expanded both the estate and the palace.

	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Born in Chhatimgram village, [[Bogra District]], ~~Her~~ father's name was Atmaram Choudhury. Bhabani was married off to Raja Ramkanta Moitra (Ray), the then zamindar of Rajshahi. After his death, Bhabani became the de jure zamindar, and started being referred to as ''Rani'', or queen~~. She was known as Ardhabangeshwari(অর্ধবঙ্গেশ্বরী)~~.A woman as a zamindar was extremely rare in those days, but Rani Bhabani managed the vast Rajshahi zamindari ~~most~~ efficiently and effectively for over four decades.<ref name=Banglapedia/> ~~John Holwell, an English writer, speculated~~ that the ~~stipulated~~ annual ~~rent~~ of the ~~estate to~~ the ~~crown~~ was ~~7 million rupees,~~ the ~~real revenues being about 15 million~~.~~{{citation needed\|date~~=~~July 2014}}~~		Born in 1716 in a [[Brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite web\|last=বাংলাদেশ\|first=Daily Bangladesh :: ডেইলি\|title='Natorer Rani' Bhabani\|url=https://m.daily-bangladesh.com/english/Natorer-Rani-Bhabani/27611\|access-date=2022-01-11\|website=Daily Bangladesh\|language=en}}</ref> of Chhatimgram village, [[Bogra District]], her father's name was Atmaram Choudhury, a landlord of Chatin village in [[Bogra district]], now in [[Bangladesh]]. Bhabani was married off to Raja Ramkanta Moitra (Ray), the then zamindar of Rajshahi.<ref name="Glass ceiling">{{cite book\|author=Dr. Indu Prabha Pathak, Dr. Payal Khurana\|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Glass_Ceiling_Impact_on_Women/nwmYEAAAQBAJ\|title=Glass Ceiling: Impact on Women\|publisher=Shanlax Publications\|year=\|isbn=9789394899940\|page=80}}</ref> After his death in 1748, Bhabani became the de jure zamindar, and started being referred to as ''Rani'', or queen. A woman as a zamindar was extremely rare in those days, but Rani Bhabani managed the vast Rajshahi zamindari so efficiently and effectively for over four decades,<ref name=Banglapedia/> that the annual income from land exceeded 15 million rupees of which 7 million rupees was paid to the state and the rest was utilised for building [[public utilities]] and supporting the needy.<ref name="Historical Dictionary"/>

	~~However~~, ~~what made~~ Rani Bhabani a household name among the common people ~~was~~ her philanthropy and general generosity, combined with an austere personal life. The number of temples, guesthouses and roads she constructed across Bengal is believed to be in the hundreds. She also built numerous water tanks, alleviating the acute water problem of her subjects. She was also interested in the spread of education and donated generously to many educational institutes.<ref name=Banglapedia/>		After becoming the zamindar, she recognised the need for a strong army to protect her state from the Nawab of Bengal [[Siraj ud-Daulah]], who had a reputation of debauchery, and began to reform and reorganise her army. Her fears came true, and soon the Nawab sent a messenger demanding her daughter Tara to satisfy his lust. When Rani Bhabani refused, the angry Nawab sent an army to abduct Tara, depose the Rani and loot the treasury. The Rani, herself leading her army, routed the nawab's army and drove it out of her territories. The people of Natore also joined the Rani's army in the fight against the Nawab.<ref name="Dutt"/><ref name="Glass ceiling"/>

			Rani Bhabani's house in [[Natore]] remains a major tourist attraction in [[Bangladesh]] to date.

			Rani Bhabani died in 1803, at the age of 79, 46 years after the [[Battle of Plassey]].<ref name="Dutt"/>

			==Contributions and works==
			Rani Bhabani became a household name among the common people due to her philanthropy and general generosity, combined with an austere personal life. The number of temples, guesthouses and roads she constructed across Bengal is believed to be in the hundreds. She also built numerous water tanks, alleviating the acute water problem of her subjects. She built a road from [[Howrah]] to [[Varanasi]], which is still in use today.<ref name="Historical Dictionary">{{cite book\|author=Kunal Chakrabarti, Shubhra Chakrabarti\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ\|title=Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis\|publisher=Scarecrow Press\|year=2013\|isbn=9780810880245\|page=96}}</ref> She was also interested in the spread of education and donated generously to many educational institutes.<ref name=Banglapedia/>

			She tried to bring social reform by introducing widow remarriage in society but was unsuccessful. During the [[Great Bengal famine of 1770]], she helped the poor by hiring eight [[vaidya]]s to help the people at her own expense.<ref name="Dutt"/>

			In Baranagar, from 1753 to 1760, she commissioned the building of 108 [[terracotta]] Shiva temples, with the aim of turning the place into a second Varanasi. Many of the temples are lost due to the changing course of the river. Among the surviving temples are the [[Char Bangla Temples]].<ref name="FE">{{cite news \|last= Dey\|first= Monidipa\|date=5 September 2019\|title=West Bengal's unique terracotta temples: Devotion moulded in clay\|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/travel-tourism/west-bengals-unique-terracotta-temples-devotion-moulded-in-clay/1696326/\|newspaper=Financial Express\| access-date= 27 November 2022}}</ref>

			She also made great contributions in [[Tarapith]] and [[Varanasi\|Benaras]]. [[Tarapith]], a [[Hindu Temple]] town situated in the Indian province of [[West Bengal]] is famous for (goddess [[Tara (Devi)\|Tara]]) & Hindu saint [[Bamakhepa]]. The [[Durga Mandir, Varanasi\|Durga Kund Mandir]] in [[Varanasi]] was constructed by Rani Bhabani.<ref name="IE">{{cite news \|last= Roychowdhury\|first= Adrija\|date=16 December 2021\|title=Explained: Salar Masud-Raja Suhaldev battle and other historical episodes that PM Modi spoke about in Kashi\|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/salar-masud-raja-suhaldev-battle-historical-episodes-pm-modi-kashi-7674668/\|newspaper=Indian Express\| access-date= 27 November 2022}}</ref>

	During the era of Rani Bhabani, she made some great contributions for the development and renovation of [[Bhabanipur Shaktipeeth\|Bhabanipur]] temple.<ref name=Banglapedia1>{{cite book \|last=Togawa \|first=Masahiko \|year=2012 \|chapter=Sakta-pitha \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sakta-pitha \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> Bhabanipur is a [[shakti Peethas\|shakti-peeth]] which is located at Sherpur Upazila of [[Bogra District]].		During the era of Rani Bhabani, she made some great contributions for the development and renovation of [[Bhabanipur Shaktipeeth\|Bhabanipur]] temple.<ref name=Banglapedia1>{{cite book \|last=Togawa \|first=Masahiko \|year=2012 \|chapter=Sakta-pitha \|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sakta-pitha \|editor1-last=Islam \|editor1-first=Sirajul \|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam \|editor2-last=Jamal \|editor2-first=Ahmed A. \|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh \|edition=Second \|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> Bhabanipur is a [[shakti Peethas\|shakti-peeth]] which is located at Sherpur Upazila of [[Bogra District]].

	Rani Bhabani'~~s house in [[Natore]] remains~~ a ~~main tourist attraction in [[Bangladesh]] to date~~.		==In popular culture==
			'Rani Bhabani', a 1952 film directed by B.Ratan Chatterjee.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Ashish Rajadhyaksha, Paul Willemen\|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Indian_Cinema/rF8ABAAAQBAJ\|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|year=2014\|isbn=9781135943257\|page=}}</ref>
	~~==Contributions==~~
	{{~~more citations needed section~~\|~~date~~=~~January 2016}}~~
	~~Rani Bhabani is also famous as 'Natorer Rani' or the Queen of [[Natore]]~~. ~~She also made great contributions in [[Tarapith]] & [[Varanasi~~\|~~Benaras]]. [[Tarapith]], a [[Hindu Temple]] town situated in the~~ Indian ~~province of [[West Bengal]] is famous for (goddess [[Tara (Devi)~~\|~~Tara]])~~ & ~~Hindu saint [[Bamakhepa]]. In [[Varanasi]], [[Durga Mandir, Varanasi~~\|~~Durga Kund Mandir]] was constructed in 18th century by Rani Bhabani.~~

	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:Women of the Mughal Empire]]		[[Category:Women of the Mughal Empire]]
	[[Category:Mughal nobility]]		[[Category:Mughal nobility]]
			[[Category:Indian women in war]]

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2021-08-09T00:17:37Z

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New page

{{Short description|Queen}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=September 2009}}
{{Cleanup|date=June 2011}}
{{Fanpov|date=April 2019}}
}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Rani Bhabani
| title =
| image =
| caption =
| coronation =
| full name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Bogra]], [[Bengal Subah]]
| death_date =
| death_place = [[Natore]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| place of burial =
| reign =
| succession =
| predecessor = Raja Ramkanta Moitra
| successor =
| spouse = Raja Ramkanta Moitra
| issue =
| royal house =
| dynasty =
| father =
| mother =
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|}}
'''Rani Bhabani''' ({{lang-bn|[[:bn:নাটোরের মহারানী|রাণী ভবাণী]]}}) (1716–1795) was a [[Hindu]] [[zamindar]], also known as the 'Queen of [[Natore]]'<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/250-year-old-temple-in-bengal-village-faces-wrath-of-a-river-administration-sleeps/story-8T0s4N64y8k38uZdvpSEDN.html|title=250-year-old temple in Bengal village faces wrath of a river, administration sleeps|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> during the British colonial era in what is now of [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]], [[Bangladesh]].<ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite book |last=Mahmood |first=ABM |year=2012 |chapter=Rani Bhabani |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rani_Bhabani |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> She was married to Maharaja Ramkanta Moitra (Ray), 'Zamindar' of [[Natore Rajbari|Natore estate]]. [[Rajshahi Raj]] or Natore estate was a large [[zamindari]] which occupied a vast position of [[Bengal]]. The [[Natore Rajbari|Natore estate]] had an area of nearly {{convert|13,000|sqmi|km2|order=flip}} and included not only much of North Bengal but also large parts of the areas later comprising the administrative districts of Murshidabad, Nadia, Jessore, Birbhum and Burdwan. After the death of her husband, [[Rani]] Bhabani of [[Natore Rajbari]], expanded both the estate and the palace.

==Biography==
Born in Chhatimgram village, [[Bogra District]], Her father's name was Atmaram Choudhury. Bhabani was married off to Raja Ramkanta Moitra (Ray), the then zamindar of Rajshahi. After his death, Bhabani became the de jure zamindar, and started being referred to as ''Rani'', or queen. She was known as Ardhabangeshwari(অর্ধবঙ্গেশ্বরী).A woman as a zamindar was extremely rare in those days, but Rani Bhabani managed the vast Rajshahi zamindari most efficiently and effectively for over four decades.<ref name=Banglapedia/> John Holwell, an English writer, speculated that the stipulated annual rent of the estate to the crown was 7 million rupees, the real revenues being about 15 million.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}

However, what made Rani Bhabani a household name among the common people was her philanthropy and general generosity, combined with an austere personal life. The number of temples, guesthouses and roads she constructed across Bengal is believed to be in the hundreds. She also built numerous water tanks, alleviating the acute water problem of her subjects. She was also interested in the spread of education and donated generously to many educational institutes.<ref name=Banglapedia/>

During the era of Rani Bhabani, she made some great contributions for the development and renovation of [[Bhabanipur Shaktipeeth|Bhabanipur]] temple.<ref name=Banglapedia1>{{cite book |last=Togawa |first=Masahiko |year=2012 |chapter=Sakta-pitha |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sakta-pitha |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> Bhabanipur is a [[shakti Peethas|shakti-peeth]] which is located at Sherpur Upazila of [[Bogra District]].

Rani Bhabani's house in [[Natore]] remains a main tourist attraction in [[Bangladesh]] to date.

==Contributions==
{{more citations needed section|date=January 2016}}
Rani Bhabani is also famous as 'Natorer Rani' or the Queen of [[Natore]]. She also made great contributions in [[Tarapith]] & [[Varanasi|Benaras]]. [[Tarapith]], a [[Hindu Temple]] town situated in the Indian province of [[West Bengal]] is famous for (goddess [[Tara (Devi)|Tara]]) & Hindu saint [[Bamakhepa]]. In [[Varanasi]], [[Durga Mandir, Varanasi|Durga Kund Mandir]] was constructed in 18th century by Rani Bhabani.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhabani, Rani}}
[[Category:1716 births]]
[[Category:1795 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bogra District]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:18th-century philanthropists]]
[[Category:Women in British Overseas Territories]]
[[Category:Indian women philanthropists]]
[[Category:Women in India]]
[[Category:Indian nobility]]
[[Category:Women of the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Mughal nobility]]