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	{{short description\|Bird sanctuary in the Mandya District of Karnataka, India}}		{{short description\|Bird sanctuary in the Mandya District of Karnataka, India}}
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2017}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2017}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2017}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2017}}

67.82.171.44: Undid revision 1037672602 by 67.82.171.44 (talk)my mistake

2021-08-08T01:14:23Z

Undid revision 1037672602 by 67.82.171.44 (talk)my mistake

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{{pp-pc1|expiry=September 18, 2021}}
{{short description|Bird sanctuary in the Mandya District of Karnataka, India}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| map = India Karnataka
| map_caption = Location in Map of [[Karnataka]]
| photo = Painted Stork.jpg
| photo_width = 200
| photo_caption = A painted stork in the sanctuary
| location = [[Mandya]], [[Karnataka]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|12|24|N|76|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| area_acre = 40
| established = 1940
| visitation_num = 304,000
| visitation_year = 2016–17
| governing_body = [[Ministry of Environment and Forests]], [[Government of India]]
}}
'''Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary''' (also known as ''Pakshi Kashi of Karnataka''),<ref>{{cite news|title=From Here and There|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/114903/from-here-amp-there.html|access-date=23 November 2010|newspaper=Deccan Herald}}</ref> is a bird sanctuary in the [[Mandya District]] of the state of [[Karnataka]] in India. It is the largest bird sanctuary in the state,<ref name=hin11>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/08/stories/2011010854020700.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016084418/http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/08/stories/2011010854020700.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-10-16 |title=Karnataka News : Rs. 1 crore sanctioned for developing Bonal Bird Sanctuary near Surpur |date=2011-01-08 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2012-12-05}}</ref> {{convert|40|acre}} in area,<ref name=expand /> and comprises six islets on the banks of the [[Kaveri]] river.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mysore.nic.in/tourism_ranganatittu_bird_sanctuary.htm |title=Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary }}</ref>

Ranganathittu is located 3 kilometers from the historic town of [[Srirangapattana]] and {{convert|16|km|mi}} north of [[Mysore]].<ref name=hindu /> The sanctuary attracted about 3 lakh visitors during 2016–17.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shivakumar|first1=M. K.|title=Ranganathittu draws over 24 lakh tourists since 2008-09|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/ranganathittu-draws-over-24-lakh-tourists-since-2008-09/article18196352.ece|website=The Hindu|access-date=26 April 2017|date=24 April 2017}}</ref>

== History of the Park ==
Ranganathittu's islets were formed when an embankment across the Kaveri river was built between 1645 and 1648 by the then [[Kingdom of Mysore|king of Mysore]], [[Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar]].<ref name=flood>{{cite news | title =Heavy rainfall causes flooding in Ranganathittu bird sanctuary | date =25 October 2005 | url =http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/25/stories/2005102512320300.htm | archive-url =https://archive.today/20130411025829/http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/25/stories/2005102512320300.htm | url-status =dead | archive-date =11 April 2013 | newspaper =[[The Hindu]] |access-date=19 February 2013}}</ref> These islets, originally numbering 25, soon started attracting birds. The [[ornithologist]] [[Salim Ali (ornithologist)|Salim Ali]] observed that the islets formed an important nesting ground for a large variety of birds, and persuaded the king of Mysore to declare the area a protected area in 1940.<ref name=hindu>{{cite news|title=Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/09/25/stories/2006092500330300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123213910/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/09/25/stories/2006092500330300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 January 2011|access-date=23 November 2010|location=Chennai, India|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 September 2006}}</ref> The sanctuary is currently maintained by the Forest Department of Karnataka and efforts are ongoing to improve the sanctuary, including purchasing nearby private land to expand the protected area.<ref name=expand>{{cite news | last =Shiva Kumar | first =M T | title =Creating more space for the birds | newspaper =The Hindu | date =9 June 2012 | url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-districtplus/article3506721.ece?css=print|access-date=19 February 2013}}</ref> In 2014, around 28 square km around the sanctuary was declared as an [[Eco-Sensitive Zone|eco-sensitive zone]], meaning that certain commercial activities cannot take place without the government’s permission.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/ranganathittu-bird-sanctuary-braces-for-the-monsoon/article28805970.ece|title=Ranganathittu bird sanctuary braces for the monsoon|last=Arasu|first=Sibi|date=2019-08-03|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-15|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Flooding ===
The sanctuary with its islets experience heavy flooding during certain rainy seasons when water is released from [[Krishna Raja Sagara]] dam upstream, due to heavy rains. During heavy flooding boating is suspended and tourists are allowed to watch the nesting birds from a distance.<ref name=flood /> Frequent flooding has also damaged some portions of three islands over past few decades.<ref name=damage>{{cite news | last =R | first =Krishna Kumar | title = Ranganathittu gets a new look| date =4 May 2009 | url =http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/04/stories/2009050451410300.htm | archive-url =https://archive.today/20130426121051/http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/04/stories/2009050451410300.htm | url-status =dead | archive-date =26 April 2013 | newspaper =[[The Hindu]] |access-date=19 February 2013}}</ref>

== Natural History of the Park ==

=== Biomes ===
Most of the park is within a [[riparian]] area.

=== Flora ===
Riverine reed beds cover the banks of the islands, while the islands themselves are covered in [[broadleaf forest]]s, with dominant species being ''[[Terminalia arjuna]]'' (Arjun tree), [[bamboo]] groves, and ''[[Pandanus]]'' trees. [[Eucalyptus]] and [[acacia]] trees have also been planted, which might lead to long-term eradication of native species. The [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] and threatened lily ''[[Iphigenia mysorensis]]'' of the family [[Colchicaceae]] also grows in the sanctuary.

===Fauna===
==== Birds ====
Roughly 170 bird species<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mysorenature.org/around-mysore/mandya-sector/ranganathittu-bird-sanctuary/bird-checklist|title=Bird Checklist – Mysore Nature|website=www.mysorenature.org|access-date=2018-01-05}}</ref> have been recorded. Of these, the [[painted stork]], [[Asian openbill stork]], [[common spoonbill]], [[woolly-necked stork]], [[black-headed ibis]], [[lesser whistling duck]], [[Indian shag]], [[stork-billed kingfisher]], [[egret]], [[cormorant]], [[Oriental darter]], [[spot-billed pelican]] and [[heron]] breed at Ranganathittu regularly. The [[great thick-knee|great stone plover]], and [[River tern (bird)|river tern]] also nest there, while the park is also home to a large flock of [[streak-throated swallow]]s.<ref name=hindu /> Ranganathittu is a popular nesting site and about 8,000 nestlings were sighted during June 2011.<ref name=nestlings>{{cite news | last =DHNS | title =8,000 nestlings sighted at Ranganathittu | newspaper =Deccan Herald | date =10 June 2011 | url =http://www.deccanherald.com/content/167949/8000-nestlings-sighted-ranganathittu.html |access-date=19 February 2013}}</ref> About 50 pelicans have made Ranganathittu their permanent home.<ref name=damage />

During winter months, starting from mid-December, as many as 40,000 birds congregate at Ranganathittu, some migrating from [[Siberia]], [[Latin America]] and parts of [[north India]].<ref name=alive>{{cite news | last =M.T. | first =Shiva Kumar | title =Ranganathittu comes alive with winged beauties | newspaper =The Hindu | date =28 January 2013 | url =http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/ranganathittu-comes-alive-with-winged-beauties/article4352532.ece |access-date=19 February 2013}}</ref>
During January and February, more than 30 species of migratory birds can be found in the sanctuary.<ref name=season>{{cite news | title =Ranganathittu reports record revenue | newspaper =The Hindu | date =9 January 2012 | url =http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/ranganathittu-reports-record-revenue/article2786551.ece?css=print |access-date=19 February 2013}}</ref>

==== Other Fauna ====
The islands are host to numerous small mammals including [[bonnet macaque]], [[smooth coated otter]], colonies of [[flying fox]] and common small mammals such as [[common palm civet]] and [[Indian gray mongoose]]. Additionally, there is a population of [[monitor lizard]]s. The [[mugger crocodile]] or marsh crocodile is a common inhabitant of the riverine reed beds and Ranganathittu has largest fresh water crocodile population in Karnataka state.<ref name=crocodile>{{cite news | last =TNN | title =Sanctuary crocs fear extinction | newspaper =The Times of India mobile edition | url =http://mobilepaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=7&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIBG&mydateHid=10-08-2012&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Bangalore&edname=&articleid=Ar00701&publabel=TOI |access-date=19 February 2013}}</ref>

== Activities ==
Ranger-guided boat tours of the isles are available throughout the day, and are a good way to watch birds, crocodiles, otters, and bats. There is no lodging within the sanctuary, so visitors typically stay over at [[Mysuru]] or Srirangapatna. The seasons for visiting the park are June–November (during the nesting season of the water birds). The best time to watch migratory birds is usually December but it can vary year to year.

[[File:Salim Ali quote at Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|Salim Ali quote at Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary]]
The Salim Ali Interpretation Centre, maintained by Forest Department, screens a 4- minute documentary to special interest groups.<ref name=damage />

== Accessibility ==
*Nearest Town: [[Srirangapatna]] (3 km)
*Nearest City: [[Mysuru]] (19 km)
*Nearest Railhead: Srirangapatna
*Nearest Airport: [[Mysore Airport]] (25 km)
*Nearest Highway: Bangalore – Mysuru highway (2 km)

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode=packed heights=130 style="font-size:100%; line-height:130%">
File:Ranganthittu Bird Sanctuary (6099939566).jpg|Road entrance to the sanctuary
File:Ceryle rudis -Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, Karnataka, India -pair-8-2c.jpg|[[Pied kingfisher]]s
File:Open billed Stork at the Ranganathittu bird sanctuary.jpg|[[Asian openbill|Open-billed stork]]s
File:Painted Stork pair at Ranganathittu bird sanctuary.jpg|Meal partners, [[painted stork]]s aiding each other
File:Egret pair at Ranganathittu Bird Sancutary.jpg|[[Snowy egret]] pair
File:Stony Plover pair at Ranganathittu bird sanctuary.jpg|Pair of [[great stone-curlew]]s
File:White Ibis flock at Ranganathittu bird sanctuary.jpg|Troop of [[Black-headed ibis|white ibis]]es
File:Crocodile Gaping.jpg|[[Mugger crocodile|Crocodile]] basking
File:Migrated Bird.jpg|[[Cattle egret]] in breeding plumage
File:River Tern Mating.jpg|[[River Tern]]s mating
File:River Tern Chick.JPG|River Tern chick
File:Pelican Ranganathittu.jpg|[[Spot-billed pelican]] taking flight
File:Spot-billed pelican, at Ranganathittu..jpg|Spot-billed pelican in flight
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071231095439/http://greenwaysroad.com/MyAlbums/India2/Ranganathittu/index.html Ranganathittu Photos]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120617095221/http://www.mysorenature.org/mandya-sector/ranganathittu-bird-sanctuary Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary- A Report]
{{Bird Sanctuaries}}

{{Protected areas of Karnataka}}

[[Category:Bird sanctuaries of Karnataka]]
[[Category:South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests]]
[[Category:Villages in Mandya district]]
[[Category:Srirangapatna]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1940]]
[[Category:1940 establishments in India]]

Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary - Revision history

CleanupBot: /* top */robot: remove incorrect protection templates

67.82.171.44: Undid revision 1037672602 by 67.82.171.44 (talk)my mistake