imported>John of Reading: /* Language and religion */Typo fixing, replaced: district district → district

2021-03-15T10:31:18Z

Language and religion: Typo fixing, replaced: district district → district

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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ranaghat I
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.2083762|N|88.5291195|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 145.53
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 16
| population_total = 232,282
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics_type2 = Literacy (2011)
| demographics2_title2 = Total literates
| demographics2_info2 = 163,429 (77.61%)
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 741255 (Anulia)<br/>741403 (Habibpur)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 03473
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-51, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-52
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Ranaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranaghat]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ranaghat Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ranaghat Dakshin]], [[Ranaghat Uttar Paschim (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ranaghat Uttar Paschim]]
| website = {{URL|nadia.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ranaghat I''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Ranaghat subdivision]] of [[Nadia district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Habibpur is located at {{coord|23.2083762|N|88.5291195|E|format=dms|}}.

Ranaghat I CD Block is bounded by [[Hanskhali (community development block)|Hanskhali]] CD Block in the north, [[Ranaghat II]] CD Block in the east, [[Chakdaha (community development block)|Chakdaha]] CD Block in the south and [[Santipur (community development block)|Santipur]] CD Block and [[Balagarh (community development block)|Balagarh]] CD Block in Hooghly district across the [[Hooghly River]] in the west.

Nadia district is mostly alluvial plains lying to the east of [[Hooghly River]], locally known as Bhagirathi. The alluvial plains are cut across by such distributaries as Jalangi, Churni and Ichhamati. With these rivers getting silted up, floods are a recurring feature.<ref>Gangopadhyay, Basudev, ''Paschimbanga Parichay'', 2001, {{in lang|bn}}, p. 70, Sishu Sahitya Sansad</ref>

Ranaghat I CD Block has an area of 145.53 km<sup>2</sup>. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 10 [[gram panchayat]]s, 177 gram sansads (village councils), 64 [[mouza]]s and 55 inhabited villages. Ranaghat and Taherpur police stations serve this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 7 October 2020}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at [[Habibpur, Nadia|Habibpur]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook: Nadia, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Map of Nadia with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 2 May 2017 }}</ref>
It is located 22 km from [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]], the district headquarters.

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Ranaghat I block/ panchayat samiti are: Anulia, Habibpur, Barasat, Kalinarayanpur, Paharpur, Khisma, Nawpara Masunda, Payradanga, Ramnagar I, Ramnagar II and Tarapur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Nadia - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 7 May 2017}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Ranaghat I CD Block had a total population of 232,282, of which 120,847 were rural and 111,435 were urban. There were 119,444 (51%) males and 112,838 (49%) females. The population below 6 years of age was 21,717. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 84,911 (36.56%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 4,438 (1.91%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 25 February 2016}}</ref>

As per the 2001 census, Ranaghat I block had a total population 207,320, out of which 106,134 were males and 101,186 were females. Ranaghat I block registered a population growth of 13.28 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 19.51 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_10.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table 4 |publisher=Census Commissioner of India |work=Census of India 2001, Nadia district (10) |access-date=2011-03-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041622/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_10.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date=2012-04-12 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>

There are several [[census towns]] in Ranaghat I CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets) : [[Gangni]] (5,532), [[Kamgachhi]] (19,998), [[Raghabpur, Nadia|Raghabpur]] (10.280), [[Panpara]] (5,349), [[Aistala]] (20,662), [[Satigachha]] (9,847), [[Anulia]] (5,220), [[Gopalpur, West Bengal|Gopalpur]] (7,818) and [[Parbbatipur]] (9,584).<ref name=census2011/>

Outgrowths in Ranaghat I CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Taherpur]] (Ward No. 14) (3,095), Barasat (Ward No, 15) (6,770), Bhaduri (Ward No. 16)(4,558) and Mahisdanga (Ward No. 17) (2,722).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Ranaghat I CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Krishnapur Chak (4,493), [[Birnagar]] (P) (7,513), [[Habibpur, Nadia|Habibpur]] (13,310), Paschim Noapara (5,030), Ukhil Nara (6,572) and Sundalpur Char (4,642).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Ranaghat I CD Block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Khiima (2,944) and Mashunda (1,304).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Ranaghat I CD Block was 163,429 (77.61% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 88,861 (88.08% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 74,568 (72.89% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 9.19%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Nadia district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Nadia, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 97.9% of the population of Nadia district, followed by [[Hindi]] (1.1%), [[Santali language|Santali]] (0.3%), [[Sadri language|Sadan/ Sadri]] (0.2%), [[Kurukh language|Kurukh/ Oraon]] (0.1%), [[Telugu language|Telugu]] (0.1%) and other languages 0.3%.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Nadia, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 46: Mother tongue| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 7 October 2020}}</ref>

According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal. In addition to Bengali, the Nepali language is to be used for official purposes in the three hills subdivisions, namely Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong, in the district of Darjeeling, and Urdu is to be used for official purposes in district/subdivision/ block/ municipality where the population speaking Urdu exceeds 10% of the total population. The English language will continue to be used for official purposes as it was being used prior to the enactment of these laws.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.latestlaws.com/bare-acts/state-acts-rules/west-bengal-state-laws/west-bengal-official-language-act-1961/|title = West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 |publisher= Latest Laws.com| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://advocatetanmoy.com/2018/06/26/the-west-bengal-official-language-act-1961/ |title = The West Bengal Official Language Act 1961|publisher= Advocate Tanmoy Law Library | access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbja.nic.in/wbja_adm/files/The%20Bengal%20Official%20Language%20Act,%201961_1.pdf |title = The West Bengal Official Language Act, 1961| access-date = 10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/official-language-status-for-urdu-in-some-west-bengal-areas/article3274293.ece |title = Official status for Urdu in some West Bengal Areas |publisher= The Hindu, 2 April 2012 | access-date = 7 October 2020}}</ref>

The West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2012, included Hindi, Santhali, Odiya and Punjabi as official languages if it is spoken by a population exceeding 10 per cent of the whole in a particular block or sub-division or a district. Subsequently, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi and Kurmali were also included in the list of minority languages by the West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2018.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/multi-lingual-bengal/cid/358751 |title = Multilingual Bengal |publisher= The Telegraph, 11 December 2012 | access-date = 15 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kamtapuri-rajbanshi-make-it-to-list-of-official-languages-in-bengal/1263116 |title = Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to the list of official languages in Bengal |publisher= Outlook, 28 February 2015 | access-date = 7 October 2020}}</ref> However, as of 2020, there is no official / other reliable information about the areas covered. Census 2011 provides language data only at the district and above level.

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Ranaghat I CD Block
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindu]]|Orange|93.82}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslim]]|Green|5.67}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians|Christian]]|Blue|0.39}}
{{bar percent|Others|Yellow|0.12}}
}}

In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 201,832 and formed 93.82% of the population in Ranaghat I CD Block. Muslims numbered 12,208 and formed 5.67% of the population. Christians numbered 837 and formed 0.39% of the population. Others numbered 260 and formed 0.12% of the population.<ref name=censusreligion2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |title = C1 Population by Religious Community | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 May 2017}}</ref>

In the 2001 census, Hindus numbered 480,008 and formed 89.28% of the combined population of Ranaghat I and Ranaghat II CD Blocks. Muslims numbered 50,640 and formed 9.42% of the combined population. In the 1991 census, Hindus numbered 438,924 and formed 93.50% of the combined population of Ranaghat I and Ranaghat II CD Blocks. Muslims numbered 24,349 and formed 5.19% of the combined population.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/download.php?v=13 |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia |work = Table 17.1 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 May 2017 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170302072706/http://dospiwb.org.in/download.php?v=13 |archive-date = 2 March 2017 }}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
The District [[Human Development Report]] for Nadia has provided a CD Block-wise data table for [[Human Poverty Index|Modified Human Vulnerability Index]] of the district. Ranaghat I CD Block registered 34.08 on the MHPI scale. The CD Block-wise mean MHVI was estimated at 33.92. A total of 8 out of the 17 CD Blocks in Nadia district were found to be severely deprived when measured against the CD Block mean MHVI - Karimpur I and Karimpur II (under Tehatta subdivision), Kaliganj, Nakashipara, Chapra, Krishnanagar I and Nabadwip (under Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision) and Santipur (under Ranaghat subdivision) appear to be backward.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR%20Nadia.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Nadia|work = June 2012. Pages: 211-212| publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 May 2017}}</ref>

As per the ''Human Development Report 2004 for West Bengal'', the rural poverty ratio in Nadia district was 28.35%. The estimate was based on Central Sample data of NSS 55th round 1999–2000.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| title = West Bengal Human Development Report 2004| work = Page 80: Table 4.5 Per capita consumption in rural and urban areas by district| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 20 November 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120501201321/http://planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| archive-date = 1 May 2012| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
In Ranaghat I CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 13.66%, agricultural labourers 20.99, household industry workers 10.34% and other workers 55.01%.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia | work = Tables 2.7, 17.2, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 7 October 2020}}</ref>

The southern part of Nadia district starting from Krishnanagar I down to Chakdaha and Haringhata has some urban pockets specialising in either manufacturing or service related economic activity and has reflected a comparatively higher concentration of population but the urban population has generally stagnated. Nadia district still has a large chunk of people living in the rural areas.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR%20Nadia.pdf|title = District Human Development Report: Nadia | work = Chapter IV: Livelihood and occupational structure, pages 63-73 | publisher= Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 6 May 2017}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 55 inhabited villages in Ranaghat I CD Block. 100% villages have power supply and drinking water supply. 9 Villages (16.36%) have post offices. 54 villages (98.18%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 43 villages (78.18%) have a pucca approach road and 12 villages (21.82%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 9 villages (16.36%) have agricultural credit societies and 5 villages (9.09%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Nadia, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 91-92 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities,2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 4 May 2017}}</ref> However, although 100% villages in Nadia district had power supply in 2011, a survey in 2007-08 revealed that less than 50% of households had electricity connection. In rural areas of the country, the tube well was for many years considered to be the provider of safe drinking water, but with arsenic contamination of ground water claiming public attention it is no longer so. Piped water supply is still a distant dream. In 2007–08, the availability of piped drinking water in Nadia district was as low as 8.6%, well below the state average of around 20%.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR%20Nadia.pdf | title = District Human Development Report, Nadia | work = Pages 54-55, published in 2012, Infrastructure development across the district | publisher = Department of Planning, Government of West Bengal. | access-date = 4 May 2017}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture<br/>in Ranaghat I CD Block'''
|value1 = 4.18
|label1 = Bargadars
|value2 = 13.57
|label2 = Patta holders
|value3 = 5.04
|label3 = Small farmers
|value4 = 37.09
|label4 = Marginal farmers
|value5 = 40.12
|label5= Agricultural labourers}}

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title=District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work= (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33|publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 7 August 2016}}</ref> Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in Ranaghat II CD Block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 3.30%, patta (document) holders 8.61%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 7.00%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 35.55% and agricultural labourers 40.12%.<ref name=handbook2014/> As the proportion of agricultural labourers is very high, the real wage in the agricultural sector has been a matter of concern.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR%20Nadia.pdf | title = District Human Development Report, Nadia | work = Pages 71-72, published in 2012, Infrastructure development across the district | publisher = Department of Planning, Government of West Bengal. | access-date = 4 May 2017}}</ref>

Ranaghat I CD Block had 189 fertiliser depots, 1 seed stores and 77 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in 2013–14.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013–14, Ranaghat I CD Block produced 10,255 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop from 2,692 hectares, 12,416 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,518 hectares, 11,159 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 4,120 hectares, 252 tonnes of wheat from 93 hectares, 67,959 tonnes of jute from 3,230 hectares and 85 tonnes of potatoes from 3 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Ranaghat I CD Block was 2,103 hectares, out of which 894 hectares were irrigated by river lift irrigation, 1,079 hectares by deep tube wells and 130 hectares by shallow tube wells.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013–14, Ranaghat I CD Block had offices of 10 commercial banks and 1 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin bank]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

==Transport==
Ranaghat I CD Block has 7 ferry service and 4 originating/ terminating bus services.<ref name=handbook2014/>

[[National Highway 12 (India)|NH 12]] (old number NH 34) passes through this block.<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date= 10 February 2017|location=New Delhi}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2013–14, Ranaghat I CD Block had 123 primary schools with 8,301 students, 9 middle schools with 535 students, 5 high schools with 2,106 students and 15 higher secondary schools with 20,171 students. Ranaghat I CD Block had 1 technical/ professional institution with 100 students and 435 institutions for special and non-formal education with 11,718 students<ref name=handbook2014/>

In Ranaghat I CD Block, amongst the 55 inhabited villages, 5 villages did not have any school, 24 had more than 1 primary school, 16 had at least 1 primary and 10 had 1 middle school and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Nadia, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 591, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 4 May 2017}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Ranaghat I CD Block had 1 hospital, 1 block primary health cene, 3 [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] and 1 private nursing home with total 300 beds and 50 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 21 family welfare subcentres. 32,559 patients were treated indoor and 373,260 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Habibpur (Jadav Dutta) Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at [[Habibpur, Nadia|Habibpur]], is the major government medical facility in the Ranaghat I CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Paschim Noapara Bhabasundari (with 10 beds), Paharpur (with 6 beds) and Taherpur (with 6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 3 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 4 October 2020}}</ref>

Ranaghat I CD Block is one of the areas of Nadia district where ground water is affected by high level of [[Arsenic contamination of groundwater|arsenic contamination]]. The [[World Health Organization|WHO]] guideline for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. All the 17 blocks of Nadia district have arsenic contamination above this level. The maximum concentration in Ranaghat I CD Block is 566 mg/litre.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb3.htm| title = Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (20 years study )| publisher = SOES | work = Nadia| access-date = 6 May 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Nadia topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Nadia district]]

Ranaghat I - Revision history

AmieLearmonth67: rework references to improve readability further and updated info

imported>John of Reading: /* Language and religion */Typo fixing, replaced: district district → district