->Pikavoom: Reverted 1 edit by Vidhinagpal1009 (talk): Sock revert

2021-12-02T14:52:13Z

Reverted 1 edit by Vidhinagpal1009 (talk): Sock revert

New page

{{EngvarB|date=April 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ramchandra Shukla
| image = File:Ramchandra Shukla.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1884|10|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Basti district|Basti]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|2|2|1884|10|4|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Benares]], [[Benares State]], [[British India]]
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| known_for = Codifier of the history of [[Hindi]] literature in a scientific system.
| occupation = Writer, essayist, scholar, historian, novelist, critic.
}}
'''Ram Chandra Shukla''' (4 October 1884 – 2 February 1941),<ref name="Group1997">{{cite book|author=Pustak Mahal -Editorial Group|title=Over 300 Great Lives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EjS-l5wmR2wC&pg=PT248|date=1 January 1997|publisher=[[Pustak Mahal]]|isbn=978-81-223-0273-8|pages=248–}}</ref> better known as '''Acharya Shukla''', was an Indian historian of [[Hindi]] literature. He is regarded as the first codifier of the history of Hindi literature in a scientific system by using wide, [[empirical]] research<ref>{{cite book |last=George [[K. M. George (writer)|K. M. George]]
|first=Dr Karimpumannil Mathai (K.M.)
|title=Masterpieces of Indian literature, Volume 1
|year=1997|publisher=[[National Book Trust]]|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788123719788|pages=2184}}</ref> with scant resources. As an author he is best known for ''Hindi Sahitya Ka Itihaas'' (1928–29).

==Early life==
Acharya Ramchandra Shukla was born on October 4, 1884, [[Basti district]] in a wealthy [[Brahmin]] family,. His father Chandrabali Shukla was a [[Tehsildar|Revenue Inspector]] (Kanoongo) at that time. Before he did his high school at London Mission School he learned [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]] and [[Urdu]] at his house by qualified teachers and then for further study he came to Prayagraj then [[Allahabad]] and continued his study; after that he wrote and published his valuable literature works and his experienced information.

==Biography==
The work of Shukla traces the genesis of Hindi poetry and [[prose]] since the 6th century and its development through Buddhist and Nath schools and the [[medieval]] contributions of [[Amir Khusro]], [[Kabirdas]], [[Ravidas]], [[Tulsidas]], stretching to the modern realism of [[Nirala]] and [[Premchand]].

In his assessment of Shukla (''Acharya Ramchandra Shukla aur Hindi Alochana'') eminent critic Dr. [[Ram Vilas Sharma]] emphasises the fact that the great writer opposed [[feudal]] and courtly literature as it did not give a true picture of the life of the common people and contemporary society.<ref>{{cite book| first = Mohan| last = Lal| title = Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature| publisher = [[Sahitya Akademi]]| year = 1992| pages = 820
| isbn = 978-81-260-1221-3}}</ref>

His works of literary criticism include ''Kavita Kya Hai'', the most widely read essay explaining poetry and poetics in his outstanding collection ''Chintamani'', published initially in two volumes as a collection of essays on emotions like [[anger]] and hatred. Recently his scattered and unpublished essays have been found and published as ''Chintamani-3'' edited by Namwar Singh and ''Chintamani-4'' by Kusum Chaturvedi.

To enrich the worldview of Hindi speakers, Acharya Shukla translated [[Edwin Arnold]]'s ''[[The Light of Asia]]'' into ''Buddha Charit'' (A biography of [[Gautam Buddha]] in Brij Bhasha verse) and German scholar [[Ernst Haeckel]]'s famous work ''The Riddles of Universe'' into ''Vishwa Prapanch'' where he added his own thought-provoking preface by comparing its findings with Indian philosophical systems.

These works signify that he did not restrict himself to be the foremost moderniser of the Hindi [[language]], literature and thought. He was involved with scientific temper-building by translating and updating works of science and history. In developing a scientific methodology to investigate the literary works of several centuries as creations of socio-economic and political conditions of the respective era, Acharya Shukla became a pathbreaker.

In his view true literature is not merely an expression of human consciousness as an end in itself but accounts for [[Lokmangal]], a concept defining progress of society where common people are supreme and their sufferings are best understood as purpose for amelioration: literature, through aesthetics, must address itself to the pains/woes of the downtrodden and underdog and work for human emancipation from exploitation of all kinds.

Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla was born on 4 October 1884 to Chandrabali Shukla in a small village—Agona, [[Basti district|Basti]], Uttar Pradesh—during British rule over India. He started his work in the world of letters with a poem and an article ''Prachin Bharatiyoin Ka Pahirava'' in Hindi and by writing in English his first published essay at the age of 17—''What Has India to do''. Keeping in the spirit of [[anti-imperialism]], in 1921, he wrote ''Non-co-operation and Non-mercantile Classes of India'' which was an attempt to look at the struggle of Indian classes in the set up of colonial and semi-feudal economy.

Acharya Shukla taught at [[Banaras Hindu University]] [[Varanasi]] and chaired its department of Hindi during [[Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya]]'s period from 1937 until he died (1941). Although not a regular story writer, he wrote a long Hindi story "Gyarah Varsh Ka Samay" to inspire original writing. His collection of original poems ''Madhushrota'' includes his adolescent hunger for hills, rocks, waterfalls, crops and birds, and images of his childhood sphere. His famous work ''Sahitya ka Itihaas'' was later edited online by a group of eminent Hindi writers and translators, led by Dr. Suresh Kumar Mishra "Uratrupt", writer and methodologist from Ranga Reddy, [[Andhra Pradesh]].''Hindi Sahitya ka Itihaas'' is considered as authentic Hindi literature.

Ram Chandra Shukla was married to Savitri Devi and had two sons, Keshav Chandra and Gokul Chandra, and three daughters, Durgavati, Vidhya and Kamla. He was a painter and designed his own house, which was incomplete when he died in 1941.

''Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla Sahitya Shodh Sansthan'', a [[research institute]] established in 1972 in his name, is a center of literary activities. It was built on the wish of his son Gokul Chandra Shukla and on the land provided by the Varanasi local authority. Later it got financial help from the state government of Uttar Pradesh for building and infrastructure. Its first secretary, [[Kusum Chaturvedi]], published a regular journal ''Naya Mandand'' which established a reputation for its special numbers on women, postmodernism, Dalit Sahitya, among others. Its articles and research papers are acclaimed in Hindi and Indian languages literature. After the death of Kusum Chaturvedi, a connoisseur of literature, Gyan Datta Chaturvedi became the secretary. After his death, Dr. Manjeet Chaturvedi, son of Kusum Chaturvedi and Gyan Datta Chaturvedi, professor, Banaras Hindu University took over as the Secretary (MANTRI) of Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla Sahitya Shodh Sansthan; its Chairperson (ADHYAKSHA) is Dr. Mukta, a famous author of Hindi stories. Kusum Chaturvedi and Mukta have produced a documentary for [[Doordarshan]] on Acharya Shukla and published his authentic biography.

==Works==
Acharya Shukla Sansthan has published following under the editorship of Kusum Chaturvedi.

*Nirala Aur Nazrul Ka Rashtriya Chintan
*Nirvachit Prabandh Sankalan
*Sadi Ke Ant Mein Hindi
*Naya Mandand (research journal in Hindi)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''Alochak Ram Chandra Shukla'' by Ganga Prasad Pandey
*''Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla'' aur ''Hindi Alochana'' by Dr. [[Ram Vilas Sharma]]
*''Lokjagran Aur Acharya Shukla'' by Dr. [[Ram Vilas Sharma]]
*''Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla'' by Professor Joseph Mundasshweri
*''Bharatiya Sahitya Samiksha'' aur ''Acharya Shukla''
*"Acharya Ramchandra Shukla ka Anuvad Karm" by Dr. Anand Kumar Shukla
*"Acharya Ramchandra Shukla Ki Itihas Drishti", Prof. M. P. Sharma

==External links==
* [http://www.gadyakosh.org/gk/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2 Ramchandra Shukla at Gadya Kosh (Online Encyclopedia of Hindi Literature)]
* [http://www.gadyakosh.org/gk/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_/_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2 Complete Hindi Sahitya Ka Itihaas at Gadya Kosh (Online Encyclopedia of Hindi Literature)]
*[http://sabrang.com/cc/comold/july99/essay.htm Sabrang]
*[http://www.motivationalstoriesinhindi.in/2015/09/pdf-hindi-sahitya-ka-itihas.html Hindi Sahitya Ka Itihas PDF (Download)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060830102522/http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/Students/avatans/hindi.html Role in Evolution of Hindi]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131016084339/http://unnao.nic.in/person.htm Personalities]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060907214501/http://jmi.nic.in/FHum/Research_Hindi.htm Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla aur Acharya Hazari Prasad Dwivedi ki Itihaas Drishtiyon ka Tulnatmak Adhyayan]
*[http://languageinindia.com/march2003/hindustani.html Language in India]
*[http://india-seminar.com/2006/558/558%20laura%20r.%20brueck.htm Issues of the journal of the Acharya Ramchandra Shukla Research Institute]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061021054940/http://www.sriramakrishnamath.org/magazine/vk/2006/05-4-1.asp Sri Ramakrishna Math : The Vedanta Kesari, May 2006]
*[http://indianembassylao.com/pdfs/book_by_title_q-s.pdf#search=%22acharya%20ram%20chandra%20shukla%22 Indian Authors-Embassy of India to the Lao PDR]
*Biography of the [http://www.kashibanarasvaranasi.com/acharya-pandit-ramchandra-shukla Acharya Pandit Ramchandra Shukla]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shukla, Ramchandra}}
[[Category:1882 births]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]
[[Category:Scholars from Varanasi]]

Ramchandra Shukla - Revision history

->Pikavoom: Reverted 1 edit by Vidhinagpal1009 (talk): Sock revert