Ramaswamy Venkataraman - Revision history

KareemOman9338 at 13:59, 23 February 2026

2026-02-23T13:59:19Z

Show changes

Bot: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

2022-12-21T21:46:14Z

robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

Show changes

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-06-23T13:22:16Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

->Chris the speller: replaced: Iyengar.He → Iyengar. He (2); cap

2021-12-21T04:34:02Z

replaced: Iyengar.He → Iyengar. He (2); cap

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:04, 21 December 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{short description\|Eighth ~~President~~ of India}}		{{short description\|Eighth president of India}}
	{{redirect\|R. Venkataraman\|the Indian cricketer\|R. Venkataraman (Indian cricketer)}}		{{redirect\|R. Venkataraman\|the Indian cricketer\|R. Venkataraman (Indian cricketer)}}
	{{Indian patronymic\|Venkataraman\|Ramaswamy}}		{{Indian patronymic\|Venkataraman\|Ramaswamy}}
Line 10:		Line 10:
	\| office = 8th [[President of India]]		\| office = 8th [[President of India]]
	\| primeminister = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />[[V. P. Singh]]<br />[[Chandra Shekhar]]<br />[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]		\| primeminister = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]<br />[[V. P. Singh]]<br />[[Chandra Shekhar]]<br />[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
	\| vicepresident = [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]		\| vicepresident = Shankar Dayal Sharma
	\| term_start = 25 July 1987		\| term_start = 25 July 1987
	\| term_end = 25 July 1992		\| term_end = 25 July 1992
Line 42:		Line 42:
	\| birth_name = Ramaswamy Venkataraman		\| birth_name = Ramaswamy Venkataraman
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=yes\|1910\|12\|4}}		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=yes\|1910\|12\|4}}
	\| birth_place = [[Rajamadam~~]], [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)\|Tanjore~~]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj\|British India]]<br />(now in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])		\| birth_place = [[Rajamadam]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj\|British India]]<br />(now in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
	\| death_date = {{death date and age\|df=yes\|2009\|1\|27\|1910\|12\|4}}		\| death_date = {{death date and age\|df=yes\|2009\|1\|27\|1910\|12\|4}}
	\| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]		\| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
Line 52:		Line 52:
	\| signature = Ramaswamy Venkataraman's Autograph.jpg		\| signature = Ramaswamy Venkataraman's Autograph.jpg
	}}		}}
	'''Ramaswamy Venkataraman''' ({{audio\|Rsv.ogg\|pronunciation}}, 4 December 1910{{spaced ndash}}27 January 2009)<ref>{{cite book\|author=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.\|title=Encyclopaedia Britannica Almanac 2010\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kd2bAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA87\|date=1 January 2010\|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.\|isbn=978-1-61535-329-3\|pages=87–}}</ref><ref>Vinay Kumar (28 January 2009) [https://web.archive.org/web/20091205191739/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2009/01/28/stories/2009012861430100.htm R. Venkataraman passes away]. ''The Hindu''</ref> was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician who served as a Union Minister and as the eighth [[~~President~~ of India]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://pastpresidentsofindia.indiapress.org/venkat.html \|title=Shri Ramaswami Venkataraman – R.Venkataraman – Past President of India \|publisher=Pastpresidentsofindia.indiapress.org \|access-date=13 September 2012}}</ref>		'''Ramaswamy Venkataraman''' ({{audio\|Rsv.ogg\|pronunciation}}, 4 December 1910{{spaced ndash}}27 January 2009)<ref>{{cite book\|author=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.\|title=Encyclopaedia Britannica Almanac 2010\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kd2bAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA87\|date=1 January 2010\|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.\|isbn=978-1-61535-329-3\|pages=87–}}</ref><ref>Vinay Kumar (28 January 2009) [https://web.archive.org/web/20091205191739/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2009/01/28/stories/2009012861430100.htm R. Venkataraman passes away]. ''The Hindu''</ref> was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician who served as a Union Minister and as the eighth [[president of India]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://pastpresidentsofindia.indiapress.org/venkat.html \|title=Shri Ramaswami Venkataraman – R.Venkataraman – Past President of India \|publisher=Pastpresidentsofindia.indiapress.org \|access-date=13 September 2012}}</ref>
			Venkataraman was born in [[Rajamadam]] village in [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)\|Tanjore district, Madras Presidency]]. He studied law and practised in the [[Madras High Court]] and the [[Supreme Court of India]]. In his young age, he was an activist of the [[Indian independence movement]] and participated in the [[Quit India Movement]]. He was appointed as the member of the Constituent Assembly and the provisional cabinet. He was elected to the Lok Sabha four times and served as Union Finance Minister and Defence Minister. In 1984, he was elected as the seventh [[vice president of India]] and in 1987, he became the eighth President of India and served from 1987 to 1992. He also served as a State minister under [[K. Kamaraj]] and [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]].<ref name="Members Bioprofile">{{Cite web\|title=Members Bioprofile\|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1095.htm\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref>
	Venkataraman was born in [[Rajamadam]] village in [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)\|Tanjore district, Madras Presidency]]. He studied law and practised in the [[Madras High Court]] and the [[Supreme Court of India]]. In his young age, he was an activist of the [[Indian independence movement]] and participated in the [[Quit India Movement]]. He was appointed as the member of the Constituent Assembly and the provisional cabinet. He was elected to the Lok Sabha four times and served as Union Finance Minister and Defence Minister. In 1984, he was elected as the ~~[[List of Vice-Presidents of India\|~~seventh]] [[~~Vice President~~ of India]] and in 1987, he became the ~~8th~~ President of India and served from 1987 to 1992. He also served as a State minister under [[K. Kamaraj]] and [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]].<ref name="Members Bioprofile">{{Cite web\|title=Members Bioprofile\|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1095.htm\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref>

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Venkataraman was born in Rajamadam village near in [[Pattukottai]], near [[Tanjore district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] in an [[Iyer]] family.. He had a close friend in Rajamadam village named as Rajamadam Kannan Iyengar.He had his school education in Govt Boys Higher Secondary School, Pattukottai & Undergraduation in [[National College, Tiruchirappalli]].<ref name="Gandhi">{{Cite news\|last=Gandhi\|first=Gopalkrishna\|date=2010-12-04\|title=The value of decency\|language=en-IN\|work=The Hindu\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/The-value-of-decency/article15579183.ece\|access-date=2020-09-18\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>		Venkataraman was born in Rajamadam village near in [[Pattukottai]], near [[Tanjore district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] in an [[Iyer]] family.. He had a close friend in Rajamadam village named as Rajamadam Kannan Iyengar. He had his school education in Govt Boys Higher Secondary School, Pattukottai & Undergraduation in [[National College, Tiruchirappalli]].<ref name="Gandhi">{{Cite news\|last=Gandhi\|first=Gopalkrishna\|date=2010-12-04\|title=The value of decency\|language=en-IN\|work=The Hindu\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/The-value-of-decency/article15579183.ece\|access-date=2020-09-18\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

	Educated locally and in the city of [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]), Venkataraman obtained his master's degree in economics from [[Loyola College, Chennai\|Loyola College]], [[Madras]]. He later qualified in Law from the Law College, Madras. Venkataraman was enrolled in the [[Madras High Court]] in 1935 and in the Supreme Court in 1951.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090129214547/http://hindu.com/2009/01/28/stories/2009012861861400.htm Venkataraman presided over the change to era of coalitions] ''[[The Hindu]]'', 28 January 2009.</ref>		Educated locally and in the city of [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]), Venkataraman obtained his master's degree in economics from [[Loyola College, Chennai\|Loyola College]], [[Madras]]. He later qualified in Law from the Law College, Madras. Venkataraman was enrolled in the [[Madras High Court]] in 1935 and in the Supreme Court in 1951.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090129214547/http://hindu.com/2009/01/28/stories/2009012861861400.htm Venkataraman presided over the change to era of coalitions] ''[[The Hindu]]'', 28 January 2009.</ref>
Line 71:		Line 70:
	===As Minister of Industries===		===As Minister of Industries===

	Venkataraman was appointed a Member of the Union Planning Commission in 1967 and was entrusted the subjects of Industry, Labour, power, Transport, Communications, Railways. He held that office until 1971. In 1977, Venkataraman was elected to the Lok Sabha from Madras (South) Constituency and served as an Opposition Member of Parliament and Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Former President R. Venkataraman Passes Away\|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/former-president-r-venkataraman-passes-away/652721\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref>		Venkataraman was appointed as a Member of the Union Planning Commission in 1967 and was entrusted the subjects of Industry, Labour, power, Transport, Communications, Railways. He held that office until 1971. In 1977, Venkataraman was elected to the Lok Sabha from Madras (South) Constituency and served as an Opposition Member of Parliament and Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Former President R. Venkataraman Passes Away\|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/former-president-r-venkataraman-passes-away/652721\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref>

	Venkataraman was also, variously, a member of the Political Affairs Committee and the Economic Affairs Committee of the Union Cabinet; Governor, [[International Monetary Fund]], the [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]], and the [[Asian Development Bank]]. Venkataraman was a Delegate to the United Nations General Assembly in 1953, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960 and 1961. He was Leader of the Indian Delegation to the 42nd Session of the International Labour Conference at Geneva (1958) and represented India in the Inter Parliamentary Conference in Vienna (1978). He was a member of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal from 1955 to 1979 and was its President from 1968 to 1979.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=R. Venkataraman Biography - Ramaswamy Venkataraman Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline\|url=https://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/r-venkataraman.html\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=www.iloveindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last1=Hazarika\|first1=Sanjoy\|last2=Times\|first2=Special To the New York\|date=1987-07-17\|title=MAN IN THE NEWS; INDIA'S MILD NEW PRESIDENT: Ramaswamy Venkataraman\|language=en-US\|work=The New York Times\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/17/world/man-in-the-news-india-s-mild-new-president-ramaswamy-venkataraman.html\|access-date=2020-09-18\|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>		Venkataraman was also, variously, a member of the Political Affairs Committee and the Economic Affairs Committee of the Union Cabinet; Governor, [[International Monetary Fund]], the [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]], and the [[Asian Development Bank]]. Venkataraman was a Delegate to the United Nations General Assembly in 1953, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960 and 1961. He was Leader of the Indian Delegation to the 42nd Session of the International Labour Conference at Geneva (1958) and represented India in the Inter Parliamentary Conference in Vienna (1978). He was a member of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal from 1955 to 1979 and was its President from 1968 to 1979.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=R. Venkataraman Biography - Ramaswamy Venkataraman Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline\|url=https://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/r-venkataraman.html\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=www.iloveindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last1=Hazarika\|first1=Sanjoy\|last2=Times\|first2=Special To the New York\|date=1987-07-17\|title=MAN IN THE NEWS; INDIA'S MILD NEW PRESIDENT: Ramaswamy Venkataraman\|language=en-US\|work=The New York Times\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/17/world/man-in-the-news-india-s-mild-new-president-ramaswamy-venkataraman.html\|access-date=2020-09-18\|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
Line 84:		Line 83:

	==Honours and accolades==		==Honours and accolades==
	Venkataraman received the Doctorate of Law (Honoris Causa) from the University of Madras. He is an Honorary Fellow, Madras Medical College; a Doctor of Social Sciences, University of Roorkee; Doctor of Law (Honoris Causa) from the University of Burdwan. He was awarded The Tamra Patra for participation in the freedom struggle, the Soviet Land Prize for his travelogue on [[K. Kamaraj]]'s visit to the Socialist countries. He was the recipient of a Souvenir from the Secretary-General of the United Nations for distinguished service as President of the U.N. Administrative Tribunal. The title of "Sat Seva Ratna" was conferred on him by the Sankaracharya of Kancheepuram.He was a devotee of the [[Paramacharya]] of Kanchi.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=July 16, 1987: Venkataraman elected Indian President\|url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/july-16-1987-venkataraman-elected-indian-president-1.2059225\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=gulfnews.com\|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gandhi"/>		Venkataraman received the Doctorate of Law (Honoris Causa) from the University of Madras. He is an Honorary Fellow, Madras Medical College; a Doctor of Social Sciences, University of Roorkee; Doctor of Law (Honoris Causa) from the University of Burdwan. He was awarded The Tamra Patra for participation in the freedom struggle, the Soviet Land Prize for his travelogue on [[K. Kamaraj]]'s visit to the Socialist countries. He was the recipient of a Souvenir from the Secretary-General of the United Nations for distinguished service as President of the U.N. Administrative Tribunal. The title of "Sat Seva Ratna" was conferred on him by the Sankaracharya of Kancheepuram. He was a devotee of the [[Paramacharya]] of Kanchi.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=July 16, 1987: Venkataraman elected Indian President\|url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/july-16-1987-venkataraman-elected-indian-president-1.2059225\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=gulfnews.com\|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gandhi"/>

	==Illness and death==		==Illness and death==

imported>KylieTastic: Reverted 1 edit by 115.99.111.148 (talk) to last revision by DaxServer

2021-08-30T13:46:24Z

Reverted 1 edit by 115.99.111.148 (talk) to last revision by DaxServer

New page

{{short description|Eighth President of India}}
{{redirect|R. Venkataraman|the Indian cricketer|R. Venkataraman (Indian cricketer)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Venkataraman|Ramaswamy}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ramaswamy Venkataraman
| caption = President Venkataraman
| image = File:President Shri R Venkataraman (narendramodiofficial Flickr).jpg
| office = 8th [[President of India]]
| primeminister = [[Rajiv Gandhi]] [[V. P. Singh]] [[Chandra Shekhar]] [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| vicepresident = [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| term_start = 25 July 1987
| term_end = 25 July 1992
| predecessor = [[Zail Singh]]
| successor = [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| office2 = 7th [[Vice President of India]]
| president2 = [[Zail Singh]]
| primeminister2 = [[Indira Gandhi]] [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| term_start2 = 31 August 1984
| term_end2 = 24 July 1987
| predecessor2 = [[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]
| successor2 = [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| office3 = [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| primeminister3 = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| term_start3 = 22 June 1982
| term_end3 = 2 September 1982
| predecessor3 = [[Zail Singh]]
| successor3 = [[Prakash Chandra Sethi]]
| office4 = [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]
| primeminister4 = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| term_start4 = 15 January 1982
| term_end4 = 2 August 1984
| predecessor4 = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| successor4 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| office5 = [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]]
| primeminister5 = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| term_start5 = 14 January 1980
| term_end5 = 15 January 1982
| predecessor5 = [[Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna]]
| successor5 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| birth_name = Ramaswamy Venkataraman
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1910|12|4}}
| birth_place = [[Rajamadam]], [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)|Tanjore]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2009|1|27|1910|12|4}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = [[Janaki Venkataraman]]
| children = 3
| alma_mater = [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College]], [[University of Madras]]
| profession = {{hlist|[[Lawyer]]|[[Politician]]}}
| signature = Ramaswamy Venkataraman's Autograph.jpg
}}
'''Ramaswamy Venkataraman''' ({{audio|Rsv.ogg|pronunciation}}, 4 December 1910{{spaced ndash}}27 January 2009)<ref>{{cite book|author=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.|title=Encyclopaedia Britannica Almanac 2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kd2bAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|date=1 January 2010|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.|isbn=978-1-61535-329-3|pages=87–}}</ref><ref>Vinay Kumar (28 January 2009) [https://web.archive.org/web/20091205191739/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2009/01/28/stories/2009012861430100.htm R. Venkataraman passes away]. ''The Hindu''</ref> was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician who served as a Union Minister and as the eighth [[President of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pastpresidentsofindia.indiapress.org/venkat.html |title=Shri Ramaswami Venkataraman – R.Venkataraman – Past President of India |publisher=Pastpresidentsofindia.indiapress.org |access-date=13 September 2012}}</ref>

Venkataraman was born in [[Rajamadam]] village in [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)|Tanjore district, Madras Presidency]]. He studied law and practised in the [[Madras High Court]] and the [[Supreme Court of India]]. In his young age, he was an activist of the [[Indian independence movement]] and participated in the [[Quit India Movement]]. He was appointed as the member of the Constituent Assembly and the provisional cabinet. He was elected to the Lok Sabha four times and served as Union Finance Minister and Defence Minister. In 1984, he was elected as the [[List of Vice-Presidents of India|seventh]] [[Vice President of India]] and in 1987, he became the 8th President of India and served from 1987 to 1992. He also served as a State minister under [[K. Kamaraj]] and [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]].<ref name="Members Bioprofile">{{Cite web|title=Members Bioprofile|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1095.htm|access-date=2020-09-18|website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref>

==Early life==
Venkataraman was born in Rajamadam village near in [[Pattukottai]], near [[Tanjore district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] in an [[Iyer]] family.. He had a close friend in Rajamadam village named as Rajamadam Kannan Iyengar.He had his school education in Govt Boys Higher Secondary School, Pattukottai & Undergraduation in [[National College, Tiruchirappalli]].<ref name="Gandhi">{{Cite news|last=Gandhi|first=Gopalkrishna|date=2010-12-04|title=The value of decency|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/The-value-of-decency/article15579183.ece|access-date=2020-09-18|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Educated locally and in the city of [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]), Venkataraman obtained his master's degree in economics from [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College]], [[Madras]]. He later qualified in Law from the Law College, Madras. Venkataraman was enrolled in the [[Madras High Court]] in 1935 and in the Supreme Court in 1951.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090129214547/http://hindu.com/2009/01/28/stories/2009012861861400.htm Venkataraman presided over the change to era of coalitions] ''[[The Hindu]]'', 28 January 2009.</ref>

While practising law, Venkataraman was drawn into the movement for India's freedom from Britain's colonial subjugation. His active participation in the Indian National Congress's celebrated resistance to the British Government, the [[Quit India Movement]] of 1942, resulted in his detention for two years under the Defence of India Rules. Venkataraman's interest in the law continued during this period. In 1946, when the transfer of power from British to Indian hands was imminent, the Government of India included him in the panel of lawyers sent to Malaya and Singapore to defend Indian nationals charged with offences of collaboration during the Japanese occupation of those two places. In the years 1947 to 1950, Venkataraman served as Secretary of the Madras Provincial Bar Federation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=July 16, 1987: Venkataraman elected Indian President|url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/july-16-1987-venkataraman-elected-indian-president-1.2059225|access-date=2020-09-18|website=gulfnews.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==

Law and trade activity led to Venkataraman's increasing association with politics. He was a member of [[Constituent Assembly of India|constituent assembly]] that drafted [[Constitution of India|India's constitution]]. In 1950, he was elected to free India's Provisional Parliament (1950–1952) and to the First Parliament (1952–1957). During his term of legislative activity, Venkataraman attended the 1952 Session of the Metal Trades Committee of International Labour Organisation as a workers' delegate. He was a member of the Indian Parliamentary Delegation to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference in New Zealand. Venkataraman was also Secretary to the Congress Parliamentary Party in 1953–1954.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grewal|first=Kairvy|date=2020-01-27|title=R Venkataraman — President who stuck by rulebook to guide India through troublesome times|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/r-venkataraman-president-who-stuck-by-rulebook-to-guide-india-through-troublesome-times/354007/|access-date=2020-09-18|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Members Bioprofile"/>

Although re-elected to Parliament in 1957, Venkataraman resigned his seat in the Lok Sabha to join the State Government of Madras as a Minister. There Shri Venkataraman held the portfolios of Industries, Labour, Cooperation, Power, Transport and Commercial Taxes from 1957 to 1967. During this time, he was also Leader of the Upper House, namely, the Madras Legislative Council.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=DelhiDecember 4|first1=India Today Web Desk New|last2=January 27|first2=2015UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2016 10:42|title=Remembering R. Venkataraman: 10 facts about the eighth President of India|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/r-venkatraman-275587-2015-12-04|access-date=2020-09-18|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

===As Minister of Industries===

Venkataraman was appointed a Member of the Union Planning Commission in 1967 and was entrusted the subjects of Industry, Labour, power, Transport, Communications, Railways. He held that office until 1971. In 1977, Venkataraman was elected to the Lok Sabha from Madras (South) Constituency and served as an Opposition Member of Parliament and Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former President R. Venkataraman Passes Away|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/former-president-r-venkataraman-passes-away/652721|access-date=2020-09-18|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref>

Venkataraman was also, variously, a member of the Political Affairs Committee and the Economic Affairs Committee of the Union Cabinet; Governor, [[International Monetary Fund]], the [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]], and the [[Asian Development Bank]]. Venkataraman was a Delegate to the United Nations General Assembly in 1953, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960 and 1961. He was Leader of the Indian Delegation to the 42nd Session of the International Labour Conference at Geneva (1958) and represented India in the Inter Parliamentary Conference in Vienna (1978). He was a member of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal from 1955 to 1979 and was its President from 1968 to 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|title=R. Venkataraman Biography - Ramaswamy Venkataraman Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline|url=https://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/r-venkataraman.html|access-date=2020-09-18|website=www.iloveindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hazarika|first1=Sanjoy|last2=Times|first2=Special To the New York|date=1987-07-17|title=MAN IN THE NEWS; INDIA'S MILD NEW PRESIDENT: Ramaswamy Venkataraman|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/17/world/man-in-the-news-india-s-mild-new-president-ramaswamy-venkataraman.html|access-date=2020-09-18|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

=== As Minister of Defence ===
In 1980, Venkataraman was re-elected to the Lok Sabha and was appointed Union Minister of Finance in the Government headed by Smt. [[Indira Gandhi]]. He was later appointed Union Minister of Defence, here he is credited for initiating India's missile programme, he shifted [[A P J Abdul Kalam]] from space programme to the missile programme, and consolidated the entire missile system, naming it as [[Integrated Guided Missile Development Program]].<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200901272126.htm Venkataraman responsible for shaping missile programme: Kalam] ''[[The Hindu]]'', 27 January 2009.</ref><ref>[[Ministry of Defence (India)]]</ref>

== President and Vice President of India ==
{{Infobox president styles|name=Ramaswamy Venkataraman|image=[[File:Emblem of India.svg|75px]]|altstyle=Mr. President|image2=R Venkataraman.jpg|spoken=President R. Venkataraman}}
Later he was to serve as [[Vice-President of India]] and then as a [[President of India]] starting 1987, where he worked with four prime ministers, and appointed three of them: V P Singh, Chandra Shekhar and P V Narasimha Rao, during his five-year term, which saw the advent of coalition politics in India. His successor [[Shankar Dayal Sharma|S D Sharma]] was the only other Indian President in 20th Century to work with four prime ministers and appoint three of them.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023030553/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-01-28/india/28054987_1_rashtrapati-bhavan-zail-singh-rv Former President Venkataraman passes away] ''[[The Times of India]]'', 28 January 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/former-president-r-venkataraman-passes-away/415704/ Former President R Venkataraman passes away] ''[[Indian Express]]'', 27 January 2009.</ref>
[[File:State Visits by R Venkataraman.png|thumbnail|As President of India Venkataraman led 11 state visits including to [[USSR]], [[Pakistan]], Japan and China.<ref>{{cite web|title=DETAILS OF MEDIA PERSONS ACCOMPANYING THE PRESIDENT IN HIS/HER VISITS ABROAD SINCE 1947 TO 2012|url=http://rashtrapatisachivalaya.gov.in/media_abroad.pdf|publisher=The President's Secretariat|access-date=5 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817094728/http://rashtrapatisachivalaya.gov.in/media_abroad.pdf|archive-date=17 August 2013}}</ref>]]

==Honours and accolades==
Venkataraman received the Doctorate of Law (Honoris Causa) from the University of Madras. He is an Honorary Fellow, Madras Medical College; a Doctor of Social Sciences, University of Roorkee; Doctor of Law (Honoris Causa) from the University of Burdwan. He was awarded The Tamra Patra for participation in the freedom struggle, the Soviet Land Prize for his travelogue on [[K. Kamaraj]]'s visit to the Socialist countries. He was the recipient of a Souvenir from the Secretary-General of the United Nations for distinguished service as President of the U.N. Administrative Tribunal. The title of "Sat Seva Ratna" was conferred on him by the Sankaracharya of Kancheepuram.He was a devotee of the [[Paramacharya]] of Kanchi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=July 16, 1987: Venkataraman elected Indian President|url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/july-16-1987-venkataraman-elected-indian-president-1.2059225|access-date=2020-09-18|website=gulfnews.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gandhi"/>

==Illness and death==
On 12 January 2009, Venkataraman was admitted to the Army Hospital (Research and Referral ) with complaints of Urosepsis (sepsis caused by a urinary tract infection).<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|title=Former President R Venkataraman dies|url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20090081563|work=[[NDTV]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131152540/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20090081563|archive-date=31 January 2009}}</ref> His condition grew critical on 20 January, when he was detected with low blood pressure and [[E. coli]] tract infection.

Venkataraman died at the Army Hospital (was Research and Referral) New Delhi on 27 January 2009 at 14:30 IST<ref name="ndtv" /> due to multiple organ failure at the age of 98.<ref name="sindh_today">{{cite news|url=http://www.sindhtoday.net/south-asia/56521.htm|title=Former President Venkataraman dead|date=27 January 2009|work=Sindh Today|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20090131060735/http://www.sindhtoday.net/south-asia/56521.htm|archive-date=31 January 2009}}</ref> Since he died on the day after [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]], some programmes coinciding it were cancelled to mark the respect towards the late former President. He was cremated with full state honours at Ekta Sthal near [[Raj Ghat]]. President [[Pratibha Patil]], Vice President [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]], Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] and various other leaders condoled his death.

==Books by Venkataraman==
* ''Role of Planning in Industrial Development'', by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Govt. of India Press, 1969.
* ''The Role of a Private Member of Parliament'', by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Harold Laski Institute of Political Science, 1986.
* ''My Presidential Years – R Venkataraman'', by R Venkataraman. 1995. HarperCollins/Indus. {{ISBN|81-7223-202-0}}.
* ''R. Venkataraman on Contemporary Issues'', by Ramaswami Venkataraman, K. Venkatasubramanian. Published by Variant Communications, 1996.
* ''Relevance of Gandhi: And Other Essays'', by K Swaminathan, Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Gandhigram Trust, 1998.

==Books on R. Venkataraman==
* ''President R. Venkataraman'', by Nand Gopal Chaudhry. Published by Manas Publications, 1987. {{ISBN|81-7049-018-9}}.
* ''The Great Humanist Ramaswami Venkataraman'', by Attar Chand. Published by Gian Pub. House, 1987. {{ISBN|81-212-0106-3}}.
* ''So May India be Great: Selected Speeches and Writings of President R. Venkataraman'', by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1990.
* ''Selected Speeches, 1984–87, 10 September 1984 – 14 May 1987: 10 September 1984 – 14 May 198''7, by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1991.
* ''President R. Venkataraman Selected Speeches: July 1987 – December 1989.'', by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1991.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news|title=Ramaswamy Venkataraman:Eighth President of India|work=[[The Times]]|date=30 January 2009|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article5613765.ece}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Ramaswamy Venkataraman}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090131204755/http://www.patrika.com/Venkatraman/index.html Late R.Venkatraman's Journey]
* [http://www.presidentvenkataraman.in maintained by RV Foundation], a Trust founded by him and administered by the family.

{{Navboxes
|title=Offices and distinctions
|list1=
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]]|years=1980–1982}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Pranab Mukherjee]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Indira Gandhi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]|years=1982–1984}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Shankarrao Chavan]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Zail Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]|years=1982}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Prakash Chandra Sethi]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Vice-President of India]]|years=1984–1987}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Zail Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[President of India]]|years=1987–1992}}
{{s-end}}
}}

{{Navboxes
|list =
{{Presidents of India}}
{{IndianVicePresidents}}
{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{Indian independence movement}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Venkataraman, R.}}
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:1st Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Deaths from multiple organ failure]]
[[Category:Defence Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Finance Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:People from Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Presidents of India]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu ministers]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Union Ministers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Vice presidents of India]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2nd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:6th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:7th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:Indian technology writers]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:National College, Tiruchirappalli alumni]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:State funerals in India]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:52, 23 June 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{~~short~~ description\|~~Eighth~~ president of India}}		{{Short description\|8th president of India (1987–1992)}}
	{{redirect\|R. Venkataraman\|the Indian cricketer\|R. Venkataraman (Indian cricketer)}}		{{redirect\|R. Venkataraman\|the Indian cricketer\|R. Venkataraman (Indian cricketer)}}
	{{Indian patronymic\|Venkataraman\|Ramaswamy}}		{{Indian patronymic\|Venkataraman\|Ramaswamy}}
Line 52:		Line 52:
	\| signature = Ramaswamy Venkataraman's Autograph.jpg		\| signature = Ramaswamy Venkataraman's Autograph.jpg
	}}		}}
	'''Ramaswamy Venkataraman''' ({{audio\|Rsv.ogg\|pronunciation}}, 4 December 1910{{spaced ndash}}27 January 2009)<ref>{{cite book\|author=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.\|title=Encyclopaedia Britannica Almanac 2010\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kd2bAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA87\|date=1 January 2010\|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.\|isbn=978-1-61535-329-3\|pages=87–}}</ref><ref>Vinay Kumar (28 January 2009) [https://web.archive.org/web/20091205191739/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2009/01/28/stories/2009012861430100.htm R. Venkataraman passes away]. ''The Hindu''</ref> was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician who served as a Union Minister and as the eighth [[president of India]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://pastpresidentsofindia.indiapress.org/venkat.html \|title=Shri Ramaswami Venkataraman – R.Venkataraman – Past President of India \|publisher=Pastpresidentsofindia.indiapress.org \|access-date=13 September 2012}}</ref>		'''Ramaswamy Venkataraman''' ({{audio\|Rsv.ogg\|pronunciation}}, 4 December 1910{{spaced ndash}}27 January 2009)<ref>{{cite book\|author=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.\|title=Encyclopaedia Britannica Almanac 2010\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kd2bAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA87\|date=1 January 2010\|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.\|isbn=978-1-61535-329-3\|pages=87–}}</ref><ref>Vinay Kumar (28 January 2009) {{usurped\|[https://web.archive.org/web/20091205191739/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2009/01/28/stories/2009012861430100.htm R. Venkataraman passes away]}}. ''The Hindu''</ref> was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician who served as a Union Minister and as the eighth [[president of India]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://pastpresidentsofindia.indiapress.org/venkat.html \|title=Shri Ramaswami Venkataraman – R.Venkataraman – Past President of India \|publisher=Pastpresidentsofindia.indiapress.org \|access-date=13 September 2012}}</ref>
	Venkataraman was born in [[Rajamadam]] village in [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)\|Tanjore district, Madras Presidency]]. He studied law and practised in the [[Madras High Court]] and the [[Supreme Court of India]]. In his young age, he was an activist of the [[Indian independence movement]] and participated in the [[Quit India Movement]]. He was appointed as the member of the Constituent Assembly and the provisional cabinet. He was elected to the Lok Sabha four times and served as Union Finance Minister and Defence Minister. In 1984, he was elected as the seventh [[vice president of India]] and in 1987, he became the eighth President of India and served from 1987 to 1992. He also served as a State minister under [[K. Kamaraj]] and [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]].<ref name="Members Bioprofile">{{Cite web\|title=Members Bioprofile\|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1095.htm\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref>		Venkataraman was born in [[Rajamadam]] village in [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)\|Tanjore district, Madras Presidency]]. He studied law and practised in the [[Madras High Court]] and the [[Supreme Court of India]]. In his young age, he was an activist of the [[Indian independence movement]] and participated in the [[Quit India Movement]]. He was appointed as the member of the Constituent Assembly and the provisional cabinet. He was elected to the Lok Sabha four times and served as Union Finance Minister and Defence Minister. In 1984, he was elected as the seventh [[vice president of India]] and in 1987, he became the eighth President of India and served from 1987 to 1992. He also served as a State minister under [[K. Kamaraj]] and [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]].<ref name="Members Bioprofile">{{Cite web\|title=Members Bioprofile\|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1095.htm\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref>

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Venkataraman was born in Rajamadam village near in [[Pattukottai]], near [[Tanjore district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] in an [[Iyer]] family.. He had a close friend in Rajamadam village named as Rajamadam Kannan Iyengar. He had his school education in Govt Boys Higher Secondary School, Pattukottai & Undergraduation in [[National College, Tiruchirappalli]].<ref name="Gandhi">{{Cite news\|last=Gandhi\|first=Gopalkrishna\|date=2010-12-04\|title=The value of decency\|language=en-IN\|work=The Hindu\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/The-value-of-decency/article15579183.ece\|access-date=2020-09-18\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>		Venkataraman was born during the [[British Raj\|British colonial rule]] in Rajamadam village near in [[Pattukottai]], near [[Tanjore district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] in an [[Iyer]] family. He had a close friend in Rajamadam village named as Rajamadam Kannan Iyengar. He had his school education in Govt Boys Higher Secondary School, Pattukottai & Undergraduation in [[National College, Tiruchirappalli]].<ref name="Gandhi">{{Cite news\|last=Gandhi\|first=Gopalkrishna\|date=2010-12-04\|title=The value of decency\|language=en-IN\|work=The Hindu\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/The-value-of-decency/article15579183.ece\|access-date=2020-09-18\|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

	Educated locally and in the city of [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]), Venkataraman obtained his master's degree in economics from [[Loyola College, Chennai\|Loyola College]], [[Madras]]. He later qualified in Law from the Law College, Madras. Venkataraman was enrolled in the [[Madras High Court]] in 1935 and in the Supreme Court in 1951.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090129214547/http://hindu.com/2009/01/28/stories/2009012861861400.htm Venkataraman presided over the change to era of coalitions] ''[[The Hindu]]'', 28 January 2009.</ref>		Educated locally and in the city of [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]), Venkataraman obtained his master's degree in economics from [[Loyola College, Chennai\|Loyola College]], [[Madras]]. He later qualified in Law from the Law College, Madras. Venkataraman was enrolled in the [[Madras High Court]] in 1935 and in the Supreme Court in 1951.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090129214547/http://hindu.com/2009/01/28/stories/2009012861861400.htm Venkataraman presided over the change to era of coalitions] ''[[The Hindu]]'', 28 January 2009.</ref>
Line 66:		Line 66:
	Law and trade activity led to Venkataraman's increasing association with politics. He was a member of [[Constituent Assembly of India\|constituent assembly]] that drafted [[Constitution of India\|India's constitution]]. In 1950, he was elected to free India's Provisional Parliament (1950–1952) and to the First Parliament (1952–1957). During his term of legislative activity, Venkataraman attended the 1952 Session of the Metal Trades Committee of International Labour Organisation as a workers' delegate. He was a member of the Indian Parliamentary Delegation to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference in New Zealand. Venkataraman was also Secretary to the Congress Parliamentary Party in 1953–1954.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Grewal\|first=Kairvy\|date=2020-01-27\|title=R Venkataraman — President who stuck by rulebook to guide India through troublesome times\|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/r-venkataraman-president-who-stuck-by-rulebook-to-guide-india-through-troublesome-times/354007/\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=ThePrint\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Members Bioprofile"/>		Law and trade activity led to Venkataraman's increasing association with politics. He was a member of [[Constituent Assembly of India\|constituent assembly]] that drafted [[Constitution of India\|India's constitution]]. In 1950, he was elected to free India's Provisional Parliament (1950–1952) and to the First Parliament (1952–1957). During his term of legislative activity, Venkataraman attended the 1952 Session of the Metal Trades Committee of International Labour Organisation as a workers' delegate. He was a member of the Indian Parliamentary Delegation to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference in New Zealand. Venkataraman was also Secretary to the Congress Parliamentary Party in 1953–1954.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Grewal\|first=Kairvy\|date=2020-01-27\|title=R Venkataraman — President who stuck by rulebook to guide India through troublesome times\|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/r-venkataraman-president-who-stuck-by-rulebook-to-guide-india-through-troublesome-times/354007/\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=ThePrint\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Members Bioprofile"/>

	Although re-elected to Parliament in 1957, Venkataraman resigned his seat in the Lok Sabha to join the State Government of Madras as a Minister. There Shri Venkataraman held the portfolios of Industries, Labour, Cooperation, Power, Transport and Commercial Taxes from 1957 to 1967. During this time, he was also Leader of the Upper House, namely, the Madras Legislative Council.<ref>{{Cite ~~web~~\|~~last1=DelhiDecember 4\|first1=India Today Web Desk New\|last2~~=January 27~~\|first2=2015UPDATED\|last3=Ist\|first3=2016 10:42~~\|title=Remembering R. Venkataraman: 10 facts about the eighth President of India\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/r-venkatraman-275587-2015-12-04\|access-date=2020-09-18\|~~website~~=India Today\|language=en}}</ref>		Although re-elected to Parliament in 1957, Venkataraman resigned his seat in the Lok Sabha to join the State Government of Madras as a Minister. There Shri Venkataraman held the portfolios of Industries, Labour, Cooperation, Power, Transport and Commercial Taxes from 1957 to 1967. During this time, he was also Leader of the Upper House, namely, the Madras Legislative Council.<ref>{{Cite magazine\|date=January 27, 2015 \|title=Remembering R. Venkataraman: 10 facts about the eighth President of India\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/r-venkatraman-275587-2015-12-04\|access-date=2020-09-18\|magazine=India Today\|language=en}}</ref>

	===As Minister of Industries===		===As Minister of Industries===
Line 79:		Line 79:
	== President and Vice President of India ==		== President and Vice President of India ==
	{{Infobox president styles\|name=Ramaswamy Venkataraman\|image=[[File:Emblem of India.svg\|75px]]\|altstyle=Mr. President\|image2=R Venkataraman.jpg\|spoken=President R. Venkataraman}}		{{Infobox president styles\|name=Ramaswamy Venkataraman\|image=[[File:Emblem of India.svg\|75px]]\|altstyle=Mr. President\|image2=R Venkataraman.jpg\|spoken=President R. Venkataraman}}
	Later he was to serve as [[Vice-President of India]] and then as a [[President of India]] starting 1987, where he worked with four prime ministers, and appointed three of them: V P Singh, Chandra Shekhar and P V Narasimha Rao, during his five-year term, which saw the advent of coalition politics in India. His successor [[Shankar Dayal Sharma\|S D Sharma]] was the only other Indian President in 20th Century to work with four prime ministers and appoint three of them.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023030553/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-01-28/india/28054987_1_rashtrapati-bhavan-zail-singh-rv Former President Venkataraman passes away] ''[[The Times of India]]'', 28 January 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/former-president-r-venkataraman-passes-away/415704/ Former President R Venkataraman passes away] ''[[Indian Express]]'', 27 January 2009.</ref>		Later he was to serve as [[Vice-President of India]] and then as a [[President of India]] starting 1987, where he worked with four prime ministers, and appointed three of them: [[V. P. Singh]], [[Chandra Shekhar]] and [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], during his five-year term, which saw the advent of coalition politics in India. His successor [[Shankar Dayal Sharma\|S. D. Sharma]] was the only other Indian President in 20th Century to work with four prime ministers and appoint three of them.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023030553/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-01-28/india/28054987_1_rashtrapati-bhavan-zail-singh-rv Former President Venkataraman passes away] ''[[The Times of India]]'', 28 January 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/former-president-r-venkataraman-passes-away/415704/ Former President R Venkataraman passes away] ''[[Indian Express]]'', 27 January 2009.</ref>
	[[File:State Visits by R Venkataraman.png\|thumbnail\|As President of India Venkataraman led 11 state visits including to [[USSR]], [[Pakistan]], Japan and China.<ref>{{cite web\|title=DETAILS OF MEDIA PERSONS ACCOMPANYING THE PRESIDENT IN HIS/HER VISITS ABROAD SINCE 1947 TO 2012\|url=http://rashtrapatisachivalaya.gov.in/media_abroad.pdf\|publisher=The President's Secretariat\|access-date=5 June 2013\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817094728/http://rashtrapatisachivalaya.gov.in/media_abroad.pdf\|archive-date=17 August 2013}}</ref>]]		[[File:State Visits by R Venkataraman.png\|thumbnail\|As President of India Venkataraman led 11 state visits including to [[USSR]], [[Pakistan]], Japan and China.<ref>{{cite web\|title=DETAILS OF MEDIA PERSONS ACCOMPANYING THE PRESIDENT IN HIS/HER VISITS ABROAD SINCE 1947 TO 2012\|url=http://rashtrapatisachivalaya.gov.in/media_abroad.pdf\|publisher=The President's Secretariat\|access-date=5 June 2013\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817094728/http://rashtrapatisachivalaya.gov.in/media_abroad.pdf\|archive-date=17 August 2013}}</ref>]]

	==Honours and accolades==		==Honours and accolades==
	Venkataraman received the Doctorate of Law (Honoris Causa) from the University of Madras. He is an Honorary Fellow, Madras Medical College; a Doctor of Social Sciences, University of Roorkee; Doctor of Law (Honoris Causa) from the University of Burdwan. He was awarded The Tamra Patra for participation in the freedom struggle, the Soviet Land Prize for his travelogue on [[K. Kamaraj]]'s visit to the Socialist countries. He was the recipient of a Souvenir from the Secretary-General of the United Nations for distinguished service as President of the U.N. Administrative Tribunal. The title of "Sat Seva Ratna" was conferred on him by the Sankaracharya of Kancheepuram. He was a devotee of the [[Paramacharya]] of Kanchi.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=July 16, 1987: Venkataraman elected Indian President\|url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/july-16-1987-venkataraman-elected-indian-president-1.2059225\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=gulfnews.com\|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gandhi"/>		Venkataraman received the Doctorate of Law (Honoris Causa) from the University of Madras. He is an Honorary Fellow, Madras Medical College; a Doctor of Social Sciences, University of Roorkee; Doctor of Law (Honoris Causa) from the University of Burdwan. He was awarded The Tamra Patra for participation in the freedom struggle, the Soviet Land Prize for his travelogue on [[K. Kamaraj]]'s visit to the Socialist countries. He was the recipient of a Souvenir from the Secretary-General of the United Nations for distinguished service as President of the U.N. Administrative Tribunal. The title of "Sat Seva Ratna" was conferred on him by the Sankaracharya of Kancheepuram. He was a great devotee of the [[Paramacharya]] of Kanchi.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=July 16, 1987: Venkataraman elected Indian President\|url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/july-16-1987-venkataraman-elected-indian-president-1.2059225\|access-date=2020-09-18\|website=gulfnews.com\|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gandhi"/>

	==Illness and death==		==Illness and death==
Line 101:		Line 101:
	* ''The Great Humanist Ramaswami Venkataraman'', by Attar Chand. Published by Gian Pub. House, 1987. {{ISBN\|81-212-0106-3}}.		* ''The Great Humanist Ramaswami Venkataraman'', by Attar Chand. Published by Gian Pub. House, 1987. {{ISBN\|81-212-0106-3}}.
	* ''So May India be Great: Selected Speeches and Writings of President R. Venkataraman'', by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1990.		* ''So May India be Great: Selected Speeches and Writings of President R. Venkataraman'', by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1990.
	* ''Selected Speeches, 1984–87, 10 September 1984 – 14 May 1987~~: 10 September 1984 – 14 May 198''7~~, by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1991.		* ''Selected Speeches, 1984–87, 10 September 1984 – 14 May 1987, by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1991.
	* ''President R. Venkataraman Selected Speeches: July 1987 – December 1989.'', by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1991.		* ''President R. Venkataraman Selected Speeches: July 1987 – December 1989.'', by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1991.

Line 181:		Line 181:
	[[Category:National College, Tiruchirappalli alumni]]		[[Category:National College, Tiruchirappalli alumni]]
	[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]		[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]
	~~[[Category:State funerals in India]]~~