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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Redirect|Ramappa|the lake|Ramappa Lake}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox temple<br />
| name = Ramappa Temple<br />
| image = File:Ramappa Temple (Human Scale).jpg<br />
| alt = Rudreshswara Temple<br />
| caption = <br />
| map_type = India Telangana<br />
| map_caption = Location in Telangana<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|18|15|33|N|79|56|36|E|scale:5000|display=title}}<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| state = [[Telangana]]<br />
| district = [[Mulugu district|Mulugu]]<br />
| location = Palampet village<br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| deity = Ramalingeswara Swamy<ref name="hin1" /><br />
| festivals = [[Maha Sivaratri]]<br />
| architect = Ramappa<br />
|architecture = [[Kakatiya Dynasty|Kakatiya style]], [[Bhumija]]/[[Vesara]] style<br />
| facade_direction = East-facing<br />
| temple_quantity = <br />
| monument_quantity = <br />
| inscriptions = <br />
| year_completed = 13th Century<br />
| creator = Recharla Rudra<!--Do not add Reddy without discussing at the talk page; most reliable sources mention only Recharla Rudra--><br />
| website = <br />
<!-- DESIGNATION1 --><br />
| designation1 = WHS<br />
| designation1_offname = Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana<br />
| designation1_criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(i)(iii)}}(i)(iii)<br />
| designation1_date = 2021 <small>(44th [[World Heritage Committee|session]])</small><br />
| designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1570 1570]<br />
<!-- FOOTNOTES --><br />
|footnotes=<br />
|religious_affiliation=[[Hinduism]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ramappa Temple''', also known as the '''Rudreshwara''' (Lord Siva) temple, is a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]] located in the state of [[Telangana]] in [[southern India]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Nanisetti|first=Serish|date=2021-07-25|title=Telangana’s Ramappa Temple inscribed as a World Heritage Site|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/telanganas-ramappa-temple-inscribed-as-a-world-heritage-site/article35522471.ece|access-date=2021-07-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It is {{Convert|66|km|abbr=on}} away from [[Warangal]], {{Convert|15|km|abbr=on}} from [[Mulugu]], {{Convert|209|km|abbr=on}} from [[Hyderabad (India)|Hyderabad]]. It lies in a valley in Palampet village of Venkatapur mandal of [[Mulugu district]], a tiny village long past its days of glory in the 13th and 14th centuries.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.indiayogi.com/content/temples/palampet.asp<br />
|title=The Shiva temples at Palampet<br />
|access-date=2006-09-11<br />
}}</ref> An inscription in the temple dates it to the year {{CE|1213}} and says it was built by a [[Kakatiya]] General Recharla Rudra{{sfn|P. V. P. Sastry|1978|p=143}}<!--Do not add Reddy without discussing at the talk page; most reliable sources mention only Recharla Rudra-->, during the period of the Kakatiya ruler [[Ganapatideva|Ganapati Deva]].<ref name="hin1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/ramappa-temple-never-fails-to-surprise-visitors/article6745526.ece|title=Ramappa temple never fails to surprise visitors|access-date=2015-01-01|newspaper=The Hindu|author=Gollapudi Srinivasa Rao}}</ref><br />
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The temple is a Sivalayam, where Lord Ramalingeswara is worshipped. [[Marco Polo]], during his visit to the Kakatiya empire, allegedly called the temple "the brightest star in the galaxy of temples".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dobbie|first=Aline|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ckpEd4emnCkC&pg=|title=India: The Elephant's Blessing|date=2006|publisher=Melrose Press|isbn=978-1-905226-85-6|pages=36|language=en}}</ref> Ramappa Temple stands majestically on a {{Convert|6|ft|m|adj=on}} high star-shaped platform. The hall in front of the sanctum has numerous carved pillars that have been positioned to create an effect that combines light and space wonderfully. The temple is named after the sculptor Ramappa, who built it, and is perhaps the only temple in India to be named after its craftsman.<ref name="Tentative List"/><br />
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The main structure is in a reddish [[sandstone]], but the columns round the outside have large brackets of black [[basalt]] which is rich in iron, magnesium and silica. These are carved as mythical animals or female dancers or musicians, and are "the masterpieces of Kakatiya art, notable for their delicate carving, sensuous postures and elongated bodies and heads".<ref>Michell, 385</ref><br />
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The Temple was included in the proposed [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] "The Glorious Kakatiya Temples and Gateways", in 2019 on the "[[List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_India#Tentative_list_of_Heritage_sites|tentative list]]". The proposal was submitted to UNESCO on 10 September 2015.<ref name="Tentative List">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5889/ UNESCO "The Glorious Kakatiya Temples and Gateways"], Tentative List</ref> On 25 July 2021, the temple was inscribed as a World Heritage Site as "Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana".<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/2317|title=Cultural sites in China, India, Iran and Spain inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List|last=UNESCO|website=UNESCO|date=2021-07-25|access-date=2021-07-25}}</ref><br />
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== Description ==<br />
The roof (garbhalayam) of the temple is built with bricks, which are so light that they are able to float on water.<ref>[http://www.telanganatourism.gov.in/partials/destinations/divine-destinations/warangal/ramappa-temple.html]</ref> <br />
{{Cquote |Some bricks of the Ramappa temple and Humayun's tomb were sent for examination to Dr. Habib Haman, Chief Chemist of Government Industrial Laboratory, Hyderabad, Dn. He has kindly reported as follows: 'The samples of floating bricks from Bidar are similar to those from Warangal as far as the method of manufacture is concerned. The material used to make the brick spongy was apparently saw-dust. The weight of the specimens is {{frac|3|}} to {{frac|4|}} of the ordinary bricks of the same size. The Bidar specimens show better quality as regards homogeneous mixing and uniform burning than their proto-types from Ramappa, as a result of which the porosity is well-maintained in the body of bricks from Bidar and they float well in water, the reason for this could be that the Ramappa temple was built almost three centuries prior to the Humayun's tomb.<ref>Bidar, Its History and Monuments, Yazdani, G., https://books.google.co.in/books?id=w6xpQpOCtzAC, 1947, Oxford University Press, p. 133</ref>}}{{verify quote|date=July 2021}}<br />
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There are two small Shiva [[shrine]]s on either side of the main temple. The enormous [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] within, facing the shrine of Shiva, remains in good condition.<br />
<br />
[[Nataraja Ramakrishna]] revived [[Perini Shivatandavam]] (Perini Dance), by seeing the sculptures in this temple. The dance poses, written in Nritta Rathnavalid by Jayapa Senaani, also appear in these sculptures.<br />
<br />
The temple remained intact even after repeated wars, plunder and destruction during wars and natural disasters. There was a major earthquake during the 17th century which caused some damage. It survived the earthquake due to its 'sandbox technique' of laying foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Did Kakatiya rulers hold the secret to earthquake-proof buildings?|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2018/oct/25/did-kakatiya-rulers-hold-the-secret-to-earthquake-proof-buildings-1889809.html|access-date=2021-07-26|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><br />
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Many of the smaller structures were neglected and are in ruins. The [[Archaeological Survey of India]] has taken charge of it. The main entrance gate in the outer wall of the temple is ruined.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.cultureholidays.com/Temples/waragal.htm<br />
|title=Warangal Temples, Telangana<br />
|access-date=2006-09-11<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Location==<br />
Ramappa temple is located in Palampet, [[Venkatapur]] mandal which is {{Convert|19|km|abbr=on}} from Mulugu mandal (around {{Convert|70|km|abbr=on}} off Warangal city). It is located {{Convert|6|km|abbr=on}} away from [[Kota Gullu]] where another Shiva temple is located.<br />
<br />
== Nearest cities ==<br />
<br />
*[[Bhupalpally]] - 29 km<br />
*[[Warangal]] - 66 km <br />
*[[Ramagundam]] - 94 km <br />
*[[Karimnagar]] - 113 km <br />
*[[Khammam]] - 153 km <br />
*[[Suryapet]] - 180 km <br />
*[[Hyderabad]] - 209 km<br />
*[[Mahabubnagar]] - 325.5km<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"><br />
File:Ramappa Temple (Human Scale).jpg|From the side<br />
File:Ramappa Temple 02.jpg<br />
File:Temple - Front view.JPG|Front<br />
File:Temples of India.jpg<br />
File:A view of Ramappa Temple 01.JPG|From behind<br />
File:Ramappa Temple by Varsha Bhargavi Kondapalli 21.jpg|One of the distinctive dancers<br />
File:Ramappa Temple by Varsha Bhargavi Kondapalli 38.jpg|Dancer<br />
File:Ramappa Temple by Varsha Bhargavi Kondapalli 09.jpg|Pillar inside the mandapa<br />
File:Ramappa Temple by Varsha Bhargavi Kondapalli 14.jpg|Inside the mandapa<br />
File:Ramappa temple...JPG|Smaller temple<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
=== Bibliography ===<br />
* {{cite book |author=P. V. P. Sastry|author-link=P. V. Parabrahma Sastry |editor=N. Ramesan |title=The Kākatiyas of Warangal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FiRuAAAAMAAJ |year=1978 |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |location=Hyderabad |oclc=252341228 }}<br />
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== Further reading ==<br />
*Michell, George, ''The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu'', 1989, Penguin Books, {{ISBN|0140081445}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{Commons category}}<br />
<br />
{{Hindu Temples in Telangana |state=collapsed}}<br />
{{World Heritage Sites in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Hanamkonda district]]<br />
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Warangal]]<br />
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Shiva temples in Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu temples in Telangana]]<br />
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in India]]<br />
[[Category:Mulugu district]]</div>imported>Princepratap1234