https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Ramanthali_inscriptionsRamanthali inscriptions - Revision history2026-10-27T15:50:49ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramanthali_inscriptions&diff=529143&oldid=prevBaileyMetzler: Starting Bio2026-02-04T15:52:34Z<p>Starting Bio</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox artifact<br />
| name = Ramanthali Inscription (Mushika) <br />
| native_name = Ezhimala-Narayankannur Inscription<br />
| native_name_lang = Malayalam<br />
| material = Granite <br />
| writing = Early Malayalam<br />
| created = 929 CE; [[Kerala]]<br />
| location = Narayankannur Temple<br />
| image =<br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_caption = Ezhimala, [[Kannur district|Kannur]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox artifact<br />
| name = Ramanthali Inscription (Alupa)<br />
| native_name = Ezhimala-Narayankannur Inscription<br />
| native_name_lang = Malayalam<br />
| material = Granite <br />
| writing = Early Malayalam<br />
| created = 1075 CE; [[Kerala]]<br />
| location = Narayankannur Temple<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
}}<br />
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'''Ramanthali inscriptions,''' also known as '''Ezhimala-Narayankannur inscriptions,''' are two medieval stone epigraphs from [[Ramanthali]], near [[Ezhimala (hill, Kannur)|Ezhimala]] in [[Kannur district]], [[Kerala]]. The first inscription, mentioning [[Mushika dynasty|Mushika]] ([[Malayalam]]: Ezhimala) Validhara Vikrama Rama and the merchant guild [[manigramam]], is dated to 929 CE and the second inscription, mentioning [[Alupa dynasty|Alupa]] king Kunda Alupa, is dated to 1075 CE. Both inscriptions are written in [[old Malayalam]] with [[Vatteluttu script|Vattezhuthu]] script (with some [[Grantha script|Grantha]] characters).<ref name=":1">Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 475-76.</ref><ref name=":0">Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 483.</ref><br />
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* The first inscription can be found on a single granite slab in the courtyard of the Narayankannur Temple.<ref name=":1" /> It records the original endowment to the temple by Mushika Validhara Vikrama Rama in 929 CE.<ref name=":1" /> He donates land for nanda vilakku (the permanent lamp) and nivedyam (the food offering) to the deity Narasinga Vinnakar Thevar. The so-called Agreement of Muzhikkulam is quoted in the record. Merchant guild [[manigramam]] was appointed as the guardian of the temple.<ref name=":1" /><br />
* The second inscription, dated to 1075 CE, is engraved on obverse sides of three granite blocks in the base of central shrine of Narayankannur Temple.<ref name=":0" /> This is the second dated inscription of [[Alupa dynasty|Alupa]] king Kunda Alupa who probably extended his influence to northern parts of the [[Kannur district]] in the 11th century CE.<ref name=":0" /> The temple inscription shows the time of the renovation of the temple (including construction of the image of the deity, and the srikoyil, and the shrine).<ref name=":0" /> The srikoyil (central shrine) of the temple was built in granite with the help of king Kunda Alupa.<ref name=":0" /><br />
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King Kunda Alupa is also mentioned in a Sanskrit record (dated 1068 AD) from [[Kadri Manjunath Temple|Kadri Manjunatha Temple]], [[Mangalore]] also.<ref name=":0" /><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Kerala history inscriptions]]<br />
[[Category:Vatteluttu]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam inscriptions]]<br />
[[Category:10th-century inscriptions]]<br />
[[Category:11th-century inscriptions]]</div>BaileyMetzler