Raman Viswanathan - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 08:12, 26 October 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=April ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2018}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Raman Viswanathan		\| name = Raman Viswanathan
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	\| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]<br>[[Accademia nazionale delle scienze\|NAS]] Eugeno Morelli Prize<br>Forlanini Medal<br>[[Indian National Science Academy\|INSA]] Dhanwantari Prize		\| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]<br>[[Accademia nazionale delle scienze\|NAS]] Eugeno Morelli Prize<br>Forlanini Medal<br>[[Indian National Science Academy\|INSA]] Dhanwantari Prize
	}}		}}
	'''Raman Viswanathan''' (1899–1982) was an Indian chest physician, medical [[mycologist]] and [[pulmonologist]], considered by many as the father of Chest Medicine in India.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan">{{cite web \| url=http://www.vpci.org.in/pageLevel.php?id=6&cat=implinks&subid=7&subcat=implinks_sublinks_sublinks \| title=Prof. Raman Viswanathan \| publisher=Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name="Dr. Raman Viswanathan – the Father of Chest Medicine in India">{{cite web \| url=http://tvmc.ac.in/pulmonology/ \| title=Dr. Raman Viswanathan – the Father of Chest Medicine in India \| publisher=Tirunelveli Medical College \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name="World' Super Scientists">{{cite web \| url=http://www.winentrance.com/general_knowledge/scientists/viswanathan-raman.html \| title=World' Super Scientists \| publisher=Winentrance \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April ~~2022~~}}</ref> He was the founder director of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]], a postgraduate medical institute based in Delhi. An elected fellow of the [[American College of Chest Physicians]], [[Royal College of Physicians of London]],<ref name="Lives of the fellows">{{cite web \| url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/4565 \| title=Lives of the fellows \| publisher=Royal College of Physicians of London \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April ~~2022~~}}</ref> [[Indian National Science Academy]] and the [[Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom]], he was a recipient of several honors including the ''Forlanini Medal'' by Italian Tuberculosis Association and the ''Eugeno Morelli Prize'' of the [[Accademia nazionale delle scienze\|National Academy of Sciences, Italy]].<ref name="Deceased Fellow">{{cite web \| url=http://insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N690881 \| title=Deceased Fellow \| publisher=Indian National Academy of Sciences \| access-date=23 April ~~2022~~}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 1974, for his contributions to medicine.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web \| url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| title=Padma Awards \| publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India \| date=2016 \| access-date=3 January 2016 \| archive-date=19 October 2017 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| url-status=dead }}</ref>		'''Raman Viswanathan''' (1899–1982) was an Indian chest physician, medical [[mycologist]] and [[pulmonologist]], considered by many as the father of Chest Medicine in India.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan">{{cite web \| url=http://www.vpci.org.in/pageLevel.php?id=6&cat=implinks&subid=7&subcat=implinks_sublinks_sublinks \| title=Prof. Raman Viswanathan \| publisher=Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Dr. Raman Viswanathan – the Father of Chest Medicine in India">{{cite web \| url=http://tvmc.ac.in/pulmonology/ \| title=Dr. Raman Viswanathan – the Father of Chest Medicine in India \| publisher=Tirunelveli Medical College \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="World' Super Scientists">{{cite web \| url=http://www.winentrance.com/general_knowledge/scientists/viswanathan-raman.html \| title=World' Super Scientists \| publisher=Winentrance \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> He was the founder director of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]], a postgraduate medical institute based in Delhi. An elected fellow of the [[American College of Chest Physicians]], [[Royal College of Physicians of London]],<ref name="Lives of the fellows">{{cite web \| url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/4565 \| title=Lives of the fellows \| publisher=Royal College of Physicians of London \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> [[Indian National Science Academy]] and the [[Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom]], he was a recipient of several honors including the ''Forlanini Medal'' by Italian Tuberculosis Association and the ''Eugeno Morelli Prize'' of the [[Accademia nazionale delle scienze\|National Academy of Sciences, Italy]].<ref name="Deceased Fellow">{{cite web \| url=http://insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N690881 \| title=Deceased Fellow \| publisher=Indian National Academy of Sciences \| access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 1974, for his contributions to medicine.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web \| url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| title=Padma Awards \| publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India \| date=2016 \| access-date=3 January 2016 \| archive-date=19 October 2017 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| url-status=dead }}</ref>

	== Biography ==		== Biography ==
	R. Viswanathan was born on 8 September 1899 in [[Nagarcoil]], in the southern tip of India in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] to a government official in the erstwhile [[Travancore\|Travancore state]] as the youngest of his two children.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968">{{cite web \| url=http://insaindia.org/BM/BM34_0802.pdf \| title=Elected Fellow 1968 \| publisher=Indian National Science Academy \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April ~~2022~~}}</ref> After losing his mother at the age of nine, he stayed with his elder sister's family and did his schooling in Nagarcoil. Later, he secured his graduate degree with honours in Science and English literature from the Maharaja's College (present-day [[University College Thiruvananthapuram]]) of the [[University of Madras]] in 1921 after which he graduated in medicine from [[Madras Medical College]] in 1926.<ref name="World' Super Scientists" /> Continuing at the same institution, he passed MD in 1931 and became a member of the [[Royal College of Physicians of London]], the next year.<ref name="Classics in Indian Medicine">{{cite journal \| url=http://www.nmji.in/archives/Volume-26/Issue-6/11-26-6-Classics-Medicine.pdf \| title=Classics in Indian Medicine \| journal=National Medical Journal of India \| year=2013 \| volume=26 \| issue=6 \| access-date=24 April 2016 \| archive-date=24 April 2016 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424223607/http://www.nmji.in/archives/Volume-26/Issue-6/11-26-6-Classics-Medicine.pdf \| url-status=dead }}</ref> During this period, he also worked as an Assistant Professor of Medicine at [[Madras Medical College]] but moved to [[Andhra Medical College]], [[Visakhapatnam]] in 1934 as the Professor of Clinical Medicine, where he worked till 1941. In between, he took a hiatus from work and obtained ''Diploma in Tuberculosis Diseases'' (TDD) from [[Cardiff University School of Medicine]], Wales, UK, in 1938.<ref name="World' Super Scientists" /> When [[World War II]] broke out, he joined [[Indian Army during World War II\|Indian Armed Forces]] in 1942 as an Officer-Commanding of the Medical Division and served as a Medical Specialist and adviser.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> After the war, he retired from the Army and joined the [[Government of India\|Union Government]] and worked in various capacities such as an adviser on Tuberculosis (1946–48) and as the Deputy Director General of Health Services (1948–57).<ref name="Classics in Indian Medicine" /> He was also associated with the [[University of Delhi]] during this period, as the head of the Department of Medicine and as the Dean of the Faculty of Medical Sciences.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" />		R. Viswanathan was born on 8 September 1899 in [[Nagarcoil]], in the southern tip of India in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] to a government official in the erstwhile [[Travancore\|Travancore state]] as the youngest of his two children.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968">{{cite web \| url=http://insaindia.org/BM/BM34_0802.pdf \| title=Elected Fellow 1968 \| publisher=Indian National Science Academy \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> After losing his mother at the age of nine, he stayed with his elder sister's family and did his schooling in Nagarcoil. Later, he secured his graduate degree with honours in Science and English literature from the Maharaja's College (present-day [[University College Thiruvananthapuram]]) of the [[University of Madras]] in 1921 after which he graduated in medicine from [[Madras Medical College]] in 1926.<ref name="World' Super Scientists" /> Continuing at the same institution, he passed MD in 1931 and became a member of the [[Royal College of Physicians of London]], the next year.<ref name="Classics in Indian Medicine">{{cite journal \| url=http://www.nmji.in/archives/Volume-26/Issue-6/11-26-6-Classics-Medicine.pdf \| title=Classics in Indian Medicine \| journal=National Medical Journal of India \| year=2013 \| volume=26 \| issue=6 \| access-date=24 April 2016 \| archive-date=24 April 2016 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424223607/http://www.nmji.in/archives/Volume-26/Issue-6/11-26-6-Classics-Medicine.pdf \| url-status=dead }}</ref> During this period, he also worked as an Assistant Professor of Medicine at [[Madras Medical College]] but moved to [[Andhra Medical College]], [[Visakhapatnam]] in 1934 as the Professor of Clinical Medicine, where he worked till 1941. In between, he took a hiatus from work and obtained ''Diploma in Tuberculosis Diseases'' (TDD) from [[Cardiff University School of Medicine]], Wales, UK, in 1938.<ref name="World' Super Scientists" /> When [[World War II]] broke out, he joined [[Indian Army during World War II\|Indian Armed Forces]] in 1942 as an Officer-Commanding of the Medical Division and served as a Medical Specialist and adviser.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> After the war, he retired from the Army and joined the [[Government of India\|Union Government]] and worked in various capacities such as an adviser on Tuberculosis (1946–48) and as the Deputy Director General of Health Services (1948–57).<ref name="Classics in Indian Medicine" /> He was also associated with the [[University of Delhi]] during this period, as the head of the Department of Medicine and as the Dean of the Faculty of Medical Sciences.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" />

	During his tenure with the Government of India, Viswanathan was appointed as the director of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] (VPCI) when the institution was established in 1953.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan" /> He served as the honorary director till 1957 and continued as a full-time director till his superannuation in 1964.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> Post his regular career, he was made the Honorary Professor of VPCI and the Emeritus Scientist of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) and held both the posts till his death, involving himself in research, in post graduate medical education, in organizing medical conferences or delivering keynote addresses at various conferences in India and abroad. He also served as the Honorary Research Director cum Consultant at the [[Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences]], Patna and as a visiting professor at the [[University of Illinois]] (1958) and the [[University of Chicago]], (1964).<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" />		During his tenure with the Government of India, Viswanathan was appointed as the director of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] (VPCI) when the institution was established in 1953.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan" /> He served as the honorary director till 1957 and continued as a full-time director till his superannuation in 1964.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> Post his regular career, he was made the Honorary Professor of VPCI and the Emeritus Scientist of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) and held both the posts till his death, involving himself in research, in post graduate medical education, in organizing medical conferences or delivering keynote addresses at various conferences in India and abroad. He also served as the Honorary Research Director cum Consultant at the [[Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences]], Patna and as a visiting professor at the [[University of Illinois]] (1958) and the [[University of Chicago]], (1964).<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" />
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	== Awards and honors ==		== Awards and honors ==
	Viswanathan, a founder fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]] (1964)<ref name="Founder Fellows">{{cite web \| url=http://nams-india.in/downloads/obit.pdf \| title=Founder Fellows \| publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences \| date=2016 \| access-date=26 April ~~2022~~}}</ref> and an honorary physician to the President of India,<ref name="Lives of the fellows" /> was an elected fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (1968), National College of Chest Physicians (India), [[Royal College of Physicians of London]] (1980), [[American College of Chest Physicians]] (1947) and [[Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom\|Academy of Medical Sciences]].<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /><ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> He was a member of such medical societies as [[American Thoracic Society]], the [[British Thoracic Society]], Indian Association of Pathologists, Associations of Physicians of India and [[Indian Medical Association]].<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> The [[Accademia nazionale delle scienze\|National Academy of Sciences, Italy]] awarded him the Eugeno Morelli Prize in 1969 and the Italian Tuberculosis Association followed suit with its Forlanini Medal.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> He received the Dhanwanthari Prize of the Indian National Science Academy in 1971.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> Three years later, the Government of India included him the 1974 [[Indian honours system\|Republic Day Honours]] list for the third highest civilian award of the [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref name="Padma Awards" />		Viswanathan, a founder fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]] (1964)<ref name="Founder Fellows">{{cite web \| url=http://nams-india.in/downloads/obit.pdf \| title=Founder Fellows \| publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences \| date=2016 \| access-date=26 April 2016}}</ref> and an honorary physician to the President of India,<ref name="Lives of the fellows" /> was an elected fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (1968), National College of Chest Physicians (India), [[Royal College of Physicians of London]] (1980), [[American College of Chest Physicians]] (1947) and [[Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom\|Academy of Medical Sciences]].<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /><ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> He was a member of such medical societies as [[American Thoracic Society]], the [[British Thoracic Society]], Indian Association of Pathologists, Associations of Physicians of India and [[Indian Medical Association]].<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> The [[Accademia nazionale delle scienze\|National Academy of Sciences, Italy]] awarded him the Eugeno Morelli Prize in 1969 and the Italian Tuberculosis Association followed suit with its Forlanini Medal.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> He received the Dhanwanthari Prize of the Indian National Science Academy in 1971.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> Three years later, the Government of India included him the 1974 [[Indian honours system\|Republic Day Honours]] list for the third highest civilian award of the [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref name="Padma Awards" />

	After his death in 1982, [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] renamed the main hospital complex as ''Viswanathan Chest Hospital'' in honor of its founder director.<ref name="Institutions - Patel Chest Institute">{{cite web \| url=http://www.fmsc.ac.in/patelchest.htm \| title=Institutions - Patel Chest Institute \| publisher=Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April ~~2022~~}}</ref> National Conference on Pulmonary Diseases (NAPCON) has instituted an annual oration, ''Prof. Raman Viswanathan Memorial Chest Oration'', in his honor; the 2015 lecture was delivered by noted [[pulmonologist]], S. K. Katiyar.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan Memorial Chest Oration">{{cite web \| url=http://www.napcon2015.org/ScientificProgramDay2.aspx \| title=Prof. Raman Viswanathan Memorial Chest Oration \| publisher=NAPCON \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April 2016 \| archive-date=29 September 2015 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929021032/http://www.napcon2015.org/ScientificProgramDay2.aspx \| url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Candida viswanathii]], a [[yeast]] species and a common [[pathogen]] causing fungal infections, is named after him.<ref name="Lives of the fellows" /><ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /><ref name="Pathogenicity of Candida viswanathii for normal and cortisone-treated mice">{{cite journal \| url=http://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/1015363 \| title=Pathogenicity of Candida viswanathii for normal and cortisone-treated mice \|author1=H.S. Randhawa \|author2=S. K. Mishra \|author3=V. N. Damodaran \|author4=A. Prakash \|author5=A. Chowdhary \|author6=Z. U. Khan \| journal=Journal de Mycologie Médicale \| volume=25 \| issue=4 \| pages=287–92 \| date=October 2015 \| doi=10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.10.010\| pmid=26597146 \| s2cid=9161400 }}</ref> His life has been documented in his autobiography, ''While the Light Lives - Reminiscences of a Medical Scientist'',<ref name="While the Light Lives - Reminiscences of a Medical Scientist">{{cite book \| url=http://lrsitbrd.nic.in/IJTB/Year%201976/January%201976.pdf \| title=While the Light Lives - Reminiscences of a Medical Scientist \| publisher=Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis Foundation of India \| author=Viswanathan, R. \| year=1975 \| pages=288 \| access-date=24 April 2016 \| archive-date=19 June 2009 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619092431/http://lrsitbrd.nic.in/IJTB/Year%201976/January%201976.pdf \| url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as in an article, ''Dr. R. Viswanathan : a profile'', published in the ''Indian Journal of Chest Disease and Allied Science'', the official journal of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] and the National College of Chest Physicians.<ref name="Dr. R. Viswanathan : a profile">{{cite journal \| title=Dr. R. Viswanathan : a profile \| author=Jaggi O. P. \| journal=Indian J Chest Dis. \| date=September 1974 \| volume=16 \| issue=vii-viii \| pages=vii–viii \| pmid=4613640}}</ref>		After his death in 1982, [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] renamed the main hospital complex as ''Viswanathan Chest Hospital'' in honor of its founder director.<ref name="Institutions - Patel Chest Institute">{{cite web \| url=http://www.fmsc.ac.in/patelchest.htm \| title=Institutions - Patel Chest Institute \| publisher=Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> National Conference on Pulmonary Diseases (NAPCON) has instituted an annual oration, ''Prof. Raman Viswanathan Memorial Chest Oration'', in his honor; the 2015 lecture was delivered by noted [[pulmonologist]], S. K. Katiyar.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan Memorial Chest Oration">{{cite web \| url=http://www.napcon2015.org/ScientificProgramDay2.aspx \| title=Prof. Raman Viswanathan Memorial Chest Oration \| publisher=NAPCON \| date=2016 \| access-date=23 April 2016 \| archive-date=29 September 2015 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929021032/http://www.napcon2015.org/ScientificProgramDay2.aspx \| url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Candida viswanathii]], a [[yeast]] species and a common [[pathogen]] causing fungal infections, is named after him.<ref name="Lives of the fellows" /><ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /><ref name="Pathogenicity of Candida viswanathii for normal and cortisone-treated mice">{{cite journal \| url=http://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/1015363 \| title=Pathogenicity of Candida viswanathii for normal and cortisone-treated mice \|author1=H.S. Randhawa \|author2=S. K. Mishra \|author3=V. N. Damodaran \|author4=A. Prakash \|author5=A. Chowdhary \|author6=Z. U. Khan \| journal=Journal de Mycologie Médicale \| volume=25 \| issue=4 \| pages=287–92 \| date=October 2015 \| doi=10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.10.010\| pmid=26597146 \| s2cid=9161400 }}</ref> His life has been documented in his autobiography, ''While the Light Lives - Reminiscences of a Medical Scientist'',<ref name="While the Light Lives - Reminiscences of a Medical Scientist">{{cite book \| url=http://lrsitbrd.nic.in/IJTB/Year%201976/January%201976.pdf \| title=While the Light Lives - Reminiscences of a Medical Scientist \| publisher=Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis Foundation of India \| author=Viswanathan, R. \| year=1975 \| pages=288 \| access-date=24 April 2016 \| archive-date=19 June 2009 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619092431/http://lrsitbrd.nic.in/IJTB/Year%201976/January%201976.pdf \| url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as in an article, ''Dr. R. Viswanathan : a profile'', published in the ''Indian Journal of Chest Disease and Allied Science'', the official journal of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] and the National College of Chest Physicians.<ref name="Dr. R. Viswanathan : a profile">{{cite journal \| title=Dr. R. Viswanathan : a profile \| author=Jaggi O. P. \| journal=Indian J Chest Dis. \| date=September 1974 \| volume=16 \| issue=vii-viii \| pages=vii–viii \| pmid=4613640}}</ref>

	== Selected bibliography ==		== Selected bibliography ==

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Raman Viswanathan
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1899|09|08}}
| birth_place = [[Nagarcoil]], [[Travancore]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1982|07|14|1899|09|08}}
| death_place = India
| occupation = [[Pulmonologist]] Physician Medical [[mycologist]]
| known for = Chest diseases
| spouse = Sharda
| children = A son and a daughter
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] [[Accademia nazionale delle scienze|NAS]] Eugeno Morelli Prize Forlanini Medal [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] Dhanwantari Prize
}}
'''Raman Viswanathan''' (1899–1982) was an Indian chest physician, medical [[mycologist]] and [[pulmonologist]], considered by many as the father of Chest Medicine in India.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan">{{cite web | url=http://www.vpci.org.in/pageLevel.php?id=6&cat=implinks&subid=7&subcat=implinks_sublinks_sublinks | title=Prof. Raman Viswanathan | publisher=Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="Dr. Raman Viswanathan – the Father of Chest Medicine in India">{{cite web | url=http://tvmc.ac.in/pulmonology/ | title=Dr. Raman Viswanathan – the Father of Chest Medicine in India | publisher=Tirunelveli Medical College | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="World' Super Scientists">{{cite web | url=http://www.winentrance.com/general_knowledge/scientists/viswanathan-raman.html | title=World' Super Scientists | publisher=Winentrance | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> He was the founder director of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]], a postgraduate medical institute based in Delhi. An elected fellow of the [[American College of Chest Physicians]], [[Royal College of Physicians of London]],<ref name="Lives of the fellows">{{cite web | url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/4565 | title=Lives of the fellows | publisher=Royal College of Physicians of London | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> [[Indian National Science Academy]] and the [[Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom]], he was a recipient of several honors including the ''Forlanini Medal'' by Italian Tuberculosis Association and the ''Eugeno Morelli Prize'' of the [[Accademia nazionale delle scienze|National Academy of Sciences, Italy]].<ref name="Deceased Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N690881 | title=Deceased Fellow | publisher=Indian National Academy of Sciences | access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 1974, for his contributions to medicine.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | access-date=3 January 2016 | archive-date=19 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215108/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Biography ==
R. Viswanathan was born on 8 September 1899 in [[Nagarcoil]], in the southern tip of India in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] to a government official in the erstwhile [[Travancore|Travancore state]] as the youngest of his two children.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.org/BM/BM34_0802.pdf | title=Elected Fellow 1968 | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> After losing his mother at the age of nine, he stayed with his elder sister's family and did his schooling in Nagarcoil. Later, he secured his graduate degree with honours in Science and English literature from the Maharaja's College (present-day [[University College Thiruvananthapuram]]) of the [[University of Madras]] in 1921 after which he graduated in medicine from [[Madras Medical College]] in 1926.<ref name="World' Super Scientists" /> Continuing at the same institution, he passed MD in 1931 and became a member of the [[Royal College of Physicians of London]], the next year.<ref name="Classics in Indian Medicine">{{cite journal | url=http://www.nmji.in/archives/Volume-26/Issue-6/11-26-6-Classics-Medicine.pdf | title=Classics in Indian Medicine | journal=National Medical Journal of India | year=2013 | volume=26 | issue=6 | access-date=24 April 2016 | archive-date=24 April 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424223607/http://www.nmji.in/archives/Volume-26/Issue-6/11-26-6-Classics-Medicine.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> During this period, he also worked as an Assistant Professor of Medicine at [[Madras Medical College]] but moved to [[Andhra Medical College]], [[Visakhapatnam]] in 1934 as the Professor of Clinical Medicine, where he worked till 1941. In between, he took a hiatus from work and obtained ''Diploma in Tuberculosis Diseases'' (TDD) from [[Cardiff University School of Medicine]], Wales, UK, in 1938.<ref name="World' Super Scientists" /> When [[World War II]] broke out, he joined [[Indian Army during World War II|Indian Armed Forces]] in 1942 as an Officer-Commanding of the Medical Division and served as a Medical Specialist and adviser.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> After the war, he retired from the Army and joined the [[Government of India|Union Government]] and worked in various capacities such as an adviser on Tuberculosis (1946–48) and as the Deputy Director General of Health Services (1948–57).<ref name="Classics in Indian Medicine" /> He was also associated with the [[University of Delhi]] during this period, as the head of the Department of Medicine and as the Dean of the Faculty of Medical Sciences.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" />

During his tenure with the Government of India, Viswanathan was appointed as the director of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] (VPCI) when the institution was established in 1953.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan" /> He served as the honorary director till 1957 and continued as a full-time director till his superannuation in 1964.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> Post his regular career, he was made the Honorary Professor of VPCI and the Emeritus Scientist of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) and held both the posts till his death, involving himself in research, in post graduate medical education, in organizing medical conferences or delivering keynote addresses at various conferences in India and abroad. He also served as the Honorary Research Director cum Consultant at the [[Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences]], Patna and as a visiting professor at the [[University of Illinois]] (1958) and the [[University of Chicago]], (1964).<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" />

Dr. Viswanathan was first married to Parvathi, a homemaker, and then to Dr. Sharada, a gynaecologist at the Government Hospital, Delhi. Dr. Viswanathan has two children from his first marriage to Parvathi; his son, Prof. V. Raman, who was an Environmental Engineering scientist and the daughter, V. Kamla, a homemaker.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> He died on 14 July 1982, at the age of 82.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" />

== Legacy ==
Viswanathan was involved in the establishment of several medical organizations. He was among the group of medical professionals who founded the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]] in 1961.<ref name="Lives of the fellows" /> He was the founder president of the Association of Chest Physicians of India and stayed at the post till its reorganization in 1981. He was one of the founders of the Asthma and Bronchitis Foundation of India and was its president since its inception. He also served as the president of many national and international conferences including the 8th ''National Congress of Diseases of the Chest'' (1963), the ''Conference of the Association of Physicians of India'' (1968), the ''National Tuberculosis Conference'' (1968) and the ''World Congress on Asthma, Bronchitis and Allied Conditions'' (1974).<ref name="Lives of the fellows" /> He was also involved with the activities of the ''Tuberculosis Association of India'' as a member of its various committees,<ref name="Lives of the fellows" /> and was the leader of the USAID Exchange Program of 1953 as well as the Indian Regent of [[American College of Chest Physicians]] during 1957–58 when he was entrusted with the investigation of infectious [[hepatitis]] in Delhi.<ref name="World' Super Scientists" />

Viswanathan was credited with pioneering research in bronchopulmonary diseases and was reported to be the first researcher to propose [[tropical eosinophilia]] as a distinct clinical entity in 1936.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> His studies of autopsy reports of the patients died of tropical eosinophilia helped to define the pathology of the disease for the first time and established ''positive leucocyte adhesion phenomenon with M. bancrofit''. He developed a novel [[bronchography]] technique and made innovations in [[tomography]] procedures.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> His researches also covered several other diseases such as [[cerebral malaria]], basal [[tuberculosis]], lung [[atelectasis]], [[bronchiectasis]], [[emphysema]], [[bagassosis]], [[byssinosis]], and high altitude [[pulmonary oedema]], among others.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> He published seven books <ref name="Lives of the fellows" /> which included ''Pulmonary Tuberculosis'',<ref name="Pulmonary Tuberculosis">{{cite book | title=Pulmonary Tuberculosis | publisher=Asia Publishing House | author=R. Viswanathan | date=July 1996 | pages=150 | isbn=978-0210312148| id= {{ASIN|0210312149|country=uk}} }}</ref> ''Diseases of the Chest'',<ref name="Diseases of the Chest">{{cite book | title=Diseases of the Chest | publisher=Asia Publishing House | author=R. Viswanathan | date=January 1968 | pages=376 | isbn=978-0210312438}}</ref> ''Medical Problems of Old Age''<ref name="Medical Problems of Old Age">{{cite book | title=Medical Problems of Old Age | publisher=Current Technical Literature | author=R. Viswanathan | year=1969 | pages=126 | oclc=69810}}</ref> and more than 230 medical articles in peer reviewed journals, ''Epidemiology'',<ref name="Epidemiology">{{cite journal | title=Epidemiology | author=Viswanathan R. | journal=Indian J Med Res | date=January 1957 | volume=45 | issue=Suppl | pages=1–29 | pmid=13438536}}</ref> ''Infectious hepatitis in Delhi (1955-56): a critical study-epidemiology''<ref name="Infectious hepatitis in Delhi (1955-56): a critical study-epidemiology. 1957.">{{cite journal | title=Infectious hepatitis in Delhi (1955-56): a critical study-epidemiology. 1957. | author=Viswanathan R. | journal=Natl Med J India | date=January 2013 | volume=26 | issue=6 | pages=362–77 | pmid=25074004}}</ref> and ''A review of the literature on the epidemiology of infectious hepatitis''<ref name="A review of the literature on the epidemiology of infectious hepatitis">{{cite journal | title=A review of the literature on the epidemiology of infectious hepatitis | author=Viswanathan R. | journal=Indian J Med Res | date=January 1957 | volume=45 | issue=Suppl | pages=145–55 | pmid=13438550}}</ref> being some of the notable ones; his articles and books have been cited in several medical journals and text books, too.<ref name="JindalShankar2011">{{cite book |author1=SK Jindal |author2=Suhail Raoof |author3=PS Shankar |author4=Dheeraj Gupta | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w59zyljtCtEC&pg=PA472 | title=Textbook of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Vols 1 and 2 | publisher=Jaypee Brothers Publishers | date=31 January 2011 | pages=472– | isbn=978-93-5025-073-0}}</ref><ref name="PrietoRodes2012">{{cite book|author1=Jesus Prieto|author2=Joan Rodes|author3=David A. Shafritz|title=Hepatobiliary Diseases|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uYjuCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA525|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-76802-6|pages=525–}}</ref><ref name="ColacinoHeinz2012">{{cite book|author1=Joseph M. Colacino|author2=Beverly A. Heinz|title=Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LX8ECAAAQBAJ&pg=PA21|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Birkhäuser|isbn=978-3-0348-7903-3|pages=21–}}</ref> He also founded a medical journal, the ''Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences'' (IJCDAS) in 1959 as the publishing arm of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]].<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" />

== Awards and honors ==
Viswanathan, a founder fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]] (1964)<ref name="Founder Fellows">{{cite web | url=http://nams-india.in/downloads/obit.pdf | title=Founder Fellows | publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref> and an honorary physician to the President of India,<ref name="Lives of the fellows" /> was an elected fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (1968), National College of Chest Physicians (India), [[Royal College of Physicians of London]] (1980), [[American College of Chest Physicians]] (1947) and [[Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom|Academy of Medical Sciences]].<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /><ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> He was a member of such medical societies as [[American Thoracic Society]], the [[British Thoracic Society]], Indian Association of Pathologists, Associations of Physicians of India and [[Indian Medical Association]].<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> The [[Accademia nazionale delle scienze|National Academy of Sciences, Italy]] awarded him the Eugeno Morelli Prize in 1969 and the Italian Tuberculosis Association followed suit with its Forlanini Medal.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> He received the Dhanwanthari Prize of the Indian National Science Academy in 1971.<ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /> Three years later, the Government of India included him the 1974 [[Indian honours system|Republic Day Honours]] list for the third highest civilian award of the [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref name="Padma Awards" />

After his death in 1982, [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] renamed the main hospital complex as ''Viswanathan Chest Hospital'' in honor of its founder director.<ref name="Institutions - Patel Chest Institute">{{cite web | url=http://www.fmsc.ac.in/patelchest.htm | title=Institutions - Patel Chest Institute | publisher=Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> National Conference on Pulmonary Diseases (NAPCON) has instituted an annual oration, ''Prof. Raman Viswanathan Memorial Chest Oration'', in his honor; the 2015 lecture was delivered by noted [[pulmonologist]], S. K. Katiyar.<ref name="Prof. Raman Viswanathan Memorial Chest Oration">{{cite web | url=http://www.napcon2015.org/ScientificProgramDay2.aspx | title=Prof. Raman Viswanathan Memorial Chest Oration | publisher=NAPCON | date=2016 | access-date=23 April 2016 | archive-date=29 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929021032/http://www.napcon2015.org/ScientificProgramDay2.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Candida viswanathii]], a [[yeast]] species and a common [[pathogen]] causing fungal infections, is named after him.<ref name="Lives of the fellows" /><ref name="Elected Fellow 1968" /><ref name="Pathogenicity of Candida viswanathii for normal and cortisone-treated mice">{{cite journal | url=http://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/1015363 | title=Pathogenicity of Candida viswanathii for normal and cortisone-treated mice |author1=H.S. Randhawa |author2=S. K. Mishra |author3=V. N. Damodaran |author4=A. Prakash |author5=A. Chowdhary |author6=Z. U. Khan | journal=Journal de Mycologie Médicale | volume=25 | issue=4 | pages=287–92 | date=October 2015 | doi=10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.10.010| pmid=26597146 | s2cid=9161400 }}</ref> His life has been documented in his autobiography, ''While the Light Lives - Reminiscences of a Medical Scientist'',<ref name="While the Light Lives - Reminiscences of a Medical Scientist">{{cite book | url=http://lrsitbrd.nic.in/IJTB/Year%201976/January%201976.pdf | title=While the Light Lives - Reminiscences of a Medical Scientist | publisher=Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis Foundation of India | author=Viswanathan, R. | year=1975 | pages=288 | access-date=24 April 2016 | archive-date=19 June 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619092431/http://lrsitbrd.nic.in/IJTB/Year%201976/January%201976.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as in an article, ''Dr. R. Viswanathan : a profile'', published in the ''Indian Journal of Chest Disease and Allied Science'', the official journal of [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]] and the National College of Chest Physicians.<ref name="Dr. R. Viswanathan : a profile">{{cite journal | title=Dr. R. Viswanathan : a profile | author=Jaggi O. P. | journal=Indian J Chest Dis. | date=September 1974 | volume=16 | issue=vii-viii | pages=vii–viii | pmid=4613640}}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{cite journal | title=Epidemiology | author=R. Viswanathan | journal=Indian J Med Res | date=January 1957 | volume=45 | issue=Suppl | pages=1–29 | pmid=13438536}}
* {{cite journal | title=A review of the literature on the epidemiology of infectious hepatitis | author=R. Viswanathan | journal=Indian J Med Res | date=January 1957 | volume=45 | issue=Suppl | pages=145–55 | pmid=13438550}}
* {{cite journal | title=Infectious hepatitis in Delhi (1955-56): a critical study-epidemiology | author=R. Viswanathan | journal=Natl Med J India | year=1957 | volume=26 | issue=6 | pages=362–77 | pmid=25074004}}
* {{cite book | title=Respiratory allergy; a symposium | publisher=Asia Publishing House | author=R. Vishwanathan | year=1964 | pages=131 | oclc=2558217}}
* {{cite book | title=Diseases of the Chest | publisher=Asia Publishing House | author=R. Viswanathan | date=January 1968 | pages=376 | isbn=978-0210312438}}
* {{cite book | title=Postgraduate medical education in India | publisher=Asia Publishing House | author=R. Viswanathan, A. S. Paintal (editors) | year=1968 | pages=723 | oclc=155748194}}
* {{cite book | title=Medical Problems of Old Age | publisher=Current Technical Literature | author=R. Viswanathan | year=1969 | pages=126 | oclc=69810}}
* {{cite book | title=Advances in medicine | publisher=Association of Physicians of India | editor=R. Vishwanathan | year=1972 | pages=483 | oclc=3613230}}
* {{cite book | title=Advances in medicine | publisher=Association of Physicians of India | editor=R. Vishwanathan | year=1972 | pages=483 | oclc=14426689}}
* {{cite book | title=While the Light Lives - Reminiscences of a Medical Scientist | publisher=Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis Foundation of India | author=R. Viswanathan | year=1975 | pages=288}}
* {{cite book | title=Advances in chronic obstructive lung disease : proceedings of the World Congress on Asthma, Bronchitis & Conditions Allied | publisher=Asthma and Bronchitis Foundation of India | author=R. Viswanathan, O. P. Jaggi (editors) | year=1977 | pages=893 | oclc=4655837}}
* {{cite journal | title=Smoking and health | author=R. Viswanathan | journal=Indian Journal of Chest Diseases & Allied Sciences | year=1982 | pages=240 | oclc=35380316}}
* {{cite book | title=Pulmonary Tuberculosis | publisher=Asia Publishing House | author=R. Viswanathan | date=July 1996 | pages=150 | isbn=978-0210312148}}
* {{cite book | title=Pulmonary tuberculosis | publisher=Asia Publishing House | author=R. Viswanathan | year=1966 | pages=150 | oclc=6325416}}

== See also ==
{{Div col}}
* [[University College Thiruvananthapuram]]
* [[Madras Medical College]]
* [[Andhra Medical College]]
* [[Cardiff University School of Medicine]]
* [[Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute]]
* [[Candida viswanathii]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Medicine}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal | title=Dr. R. Viswanathan : a profile | author=Jaggi O. P. | journal=Indian J Chest Dis. | date=September 1974 | volume=16 | issue=vii-viii | pages=vii–viii | pmid=4613640}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Viswanathan, Raman}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in medicine]]
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[[Category:Medical doctors from Tamil Nadu]]
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[[Category:Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences]]
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[[Category:Madras Medical College alumni]]
[[Category:Andhra University faculty]]
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[[Category:1899 births]]
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