Ramakrishna Hegde - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:39, 26 December 2021
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	==Chief Minister of Karnataka==		==Chief Minister of Karnataka==
	When the Janata Party came to power by emerging as the single largest party in the 1983 State elections, he emerged as a consensus Brahmin candidate between the powerful [[Lingayat]] and [[Vokkaliga]] lobbies.<ref name=stat21>{{cite book\|title=Shift in Indian Politics: 1983 Elections in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka\|year = 1984\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zG4JuQMA-a8C&q=ramakrishna+hegde+manipulator&pg=PA58 \|editor=George Mathew\|publisher=Edited by George Mathew}}</ref> In the process, he became the first non-Congress chief minister of Karnataka.<ref name=stat8>{{cite news\|title=Pillar of anti-Congress movement\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308220400.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129224651/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308220400.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=29 January 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=13 January 2004}}</ref> A master strategist, he cobbled up a two-thirds majority for his government by an arrangement of outside support from other parties. His government secured the outside support of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), Left parties and 16 Independents.<ref name=stat22>{{cite web\|title=State unit History\|url=http://bjpkarnataka.org/history/stgate-history/\|publisher=Bharatiya Janata Party- Karnataka}}</ref>		When the Janata Party came to power by emerging as the single largest party in the 1983 State elections, he emerged as a consensus Brahmin candidate between the powerful [[Lingayat]] and [[Vokkaliga]] lobbies.<ref name=stat21>{{cite book\|title=Shift in Indian Politics: 1983 Elections in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka\|year = 1984\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zG4JuQMA-a8C&q=ramakrishna+hegde+manipulator&pg=PA58 \|editor=George Mathew\|publisher=Edited by George Mathew}}</ref> In the process, he became the first non-Congress chief minister of Karnataka.<ref name=stat8>{{cite news\|title=Pillar of anti-Congress movement\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308220400.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129224651/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308220400.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=29 January 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=13 January 2004}}</ref> A master strategist, he cobbled up a two-thirds majority for his government by an arrangement of outside support from other parties. His government secured the outside support of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), Left parties and 16 Independents.<ref name=stat22>{{cite web\|title=State unit History\|url=http://bjpkarnataka.org/history/stgate-history/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104202925/http://bjpkarnataka.org/history/stgate-history/\|url-status=usurped\|archive-date=4 January 2009\|publisher=Bharatiya Janata Party- Karnataka}}</ref>

	Following the poor performance of the Janata Party in the 1984 elections to the [[8th Lok Sabha]] (it won only 4 out of the 28 seats from Karnataka), Hegde resigned on the grounds that his party had lost its popular mandate and sought a fresh mandate for his government. In the 1985 elections, the Janata Party came to power on its own with a comfortable majority. As Chief Minister between 1983 and 1985 and again between 1985 and 1988, he became an active votary of State rights within a federal set-up, but one who made no concession to regional or linguistic chauvinism. Secondly, he took innovative initiatives in expanding the federal principle within the State, primarily in the area of devolving power to local bodies and in trying to enforce accountability. During his Chief Minister-ship, Karnataka pioneered legislation on Panchayat Raj that devolved a substantial degree of financial and administrative powers to a three-tiered structure of local government. He supported the tireless work of his Minister for Rural Development and Panchayat Raj, Abdul Nazir Sab, in promoting devolution of power to the [[gram panchayat]]s in the state, and the Karnataka implementation became a role model for the rest of India.<ref name=stat7>{{cite news\|title=The man behind panchayat raj\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308260400.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129224659/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308260400.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=29 January 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=13 January 2004}}</ref> In 1984 he introduced legislation to deal with official and administrative corruption through the institution of the Lokayukta.<ref name=stat2>{{cite news\|title=Ramakrishna Hegde, 1926–2004\|url=http://hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011401131000.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129221005/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011401131000.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=29 January 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=14 January 2004}}</ref> Also, he started the 'Kannada watchdog panel' to oversee the implementation of Kannada in administration.<ref name=stat4>{{cite news\|title=Unflinching loyalty to Kannada\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011409450400.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040307170708/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011409450400.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=7 March 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=14 January 2004}}</ref> He has the rare distinction of presenting thirteen finance budgets in the state assembly.<ref name=stat1/>		Following the poor performance of the Janata Party in the 1984 elections to the [[8th Lok Sabha]] (it won only 4 out of the 28 seats from Karnataka), Hegde resigned on the grounds that his party had lost its popular mandate and sought a fresh mandate for his government. In the 1985 elections, the Janata Party came to power on its own with a comfortable majority. As Chief Minister between 1983 and 1985 and again between 1985 and 1988, he became an active votary of State rights within a federal set-up, but one who made no concession to regional or linguistic chauvinism. Secondly, he took innovative initiatives in expanding the federal principle within the State, primarily in the area of devolving power to local bodies and in trying to enforce accountability. During his Chief Minister-ship, Karnataka pioneered legislation on Panchayat Raj that devolved a substantial degree of financial and administrative powers to a three-tiered structure of local government. He supported the tireless work of his Minister for Rural Development and Panchayat Raj, Abdul Nazir Sab, in promoting devolution of power to the [[gram panchayat]]s in the state, and the Karnataka implementation became a role model for the rest of India.<ref name=stat7>{{cite news\|title=The man behind panchayat raj\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308260400.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129224659/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308260400.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=29 January 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=13 January 2004}}</ref> In 1984 he introduced legislation to deal with official and administrative corruption through the institution of the Lokayukta.<ref name=stat2>{{cite news\|title=Ramakrishna Hegde, 1926–2004\|url=http://hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011401131000.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129221005/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011401131000.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=29 January 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=14 January 2004}}</ref> Also, he started the 'Kannada watchdog panel' to oversee the implementation of Kannada in administration.<ref name=stat4>{{cite news\|title=Unflinching loyalty to Kannada\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011409450400.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040307170708/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011409450400.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=7 March 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=14 January 2004}}</ref> He has the rare distinction of presenting thirteen finance budgets in the state assembly.<ref name=stat1/>

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	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Hegde was born at [[Siddapura, Uttara Kannada\|Siddapura]] in [[Uttara Kannada]] district into a [[Havyaka Brahmin]] family, he was son of Mahabaleshwar Hegde and Smt. Saraswati Amma Hegde, who hailed from [[Sirimane]] village near [[sringeri]]. Hegde completed a part of his studies at the [[Benaras Hindu University\|Kashi Vidyapeeth]] in [[Varanasi]] and later obtained a degree in law from Allahabad university.<ref name=stat11>{{cite news\|title=Hegde, a multifaceted personality\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011306771100.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040227170037/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011306771100.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=27 February 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=13 January 2004}}</ref> A lawyer by profession, he participated in the [[Quit India Movement]] of 1942 and was an active member of the [[Indian National Congress\|Congress Party]].<ref name=stat1>{{cite web\|title=Ramakrishna Hegde dead\|url=http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2004/jan/12karna.htm\|~~publisher~~=rediff.com}}</ref>		Hegde was born at [[Siddapura, Uttara Kannada\|Siddapura]] in [[Uttara Kannada]] district into a [[Havyaka Brahmin]] family, he was son of Mahabaleshwar Hegde and Smt. Saraswati Amma Hegde, who hailed from [[Sirimane]] village near [[sringeri]]. Hegde completed a part of his studies at the [[Benaras Hindu University\|Kashi Vidyapeeth]] in [[Varanasi]] and later obtained a degree in law from Allahabad university.<ref name=stat11>{{cite news\|title=Hegde, a multifaceted personality\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011306771100.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040227170037/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011306771100.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=27 February 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=13 January 2004}}</ref> A lawyer by profession, he participated in the [[Quit India Movement]] of 1942 and was an active member of the [[Indian National Congress\|Congress Party]].<ref name=stat1>{{cite web\|title=Ramakrishna Hegde dead\|url=http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2004/jan/12karna.htm\|work=rediff.com}}</ref>

	==Political career==		==Political career==
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	He submitted resignation from Chief Minister-ship on 13 February 1986 when the [[Karnataka High Court]] censured his government for the way it handled arrack bottling contracts, but withdrew his resignation after three days on 16 February.<ref name=stat23>{{cite web\|title=City in a Bottle\|url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/city-bottle?page=0,3\|publisher=The Caravan}}</ref>		He submitted resignation from Chief Minister-ship on 13 February 1986 when the [[Karnataka High Court]] censured his government for the way it handled arrack bottling contracts, but withdrew his resignation after three days on 16 February.<ref name=stat23>{{cite web\|title=City in a Bottle\|url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/city-bottle?page=0,3\|publisher=The Caravan}}</ref>

	He resigned and quit office in 1988 after allegations of phone tapping of prominent politicians and businessmen in the State.<ref name=stat27>{{cite web\|title=Phone tapping: What 1997 Supreme Court verdict says\|url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/apr/26/phone-tapping-what-1997-supreme-court-verdict-says.htm\|~~publisher~~=rediff.com}}</ref><ref>http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIBG/2010/04/26&ID=Ar01501</ref> Hegde then filed a case against [[Subramanian Swamy]] in 1989 and 1990 after Swamy accused him in tapping.<ref>http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1559770/</ref><ref>http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=39307</ref><ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Watch-out-Your-phone-may-be-tapped/articleshow/1190723.cms?referral=PM</ref> Soon after, he quit the [[Janata Party]] and joined the [[Janata Dal]].		He resigned and quit office in 1988 after allegations of phone tapping of prominent politicians and businessmen in the State.<ref name=stat27>{{cite web\|title=Phone tapping: What 1997 Supreme Court verdict says\|url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/apr/26/phone-tapping-what-1997-supreme-court-verdict-says.htm\|work=rediff.com}}</ref><ref>http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIBG/2010/04/26&ID=Ar01501</ref> Hegde then filed a case against [[Subramanian Swamy]] in 1989 and 1990 after Swamy accused him in tapping.<ref>http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1559770/</ref><ref>http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=39307</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Watch-out-Your-phone-may-be-tapped/articleshow/1190723.cms?referral=PM\|title=Watch out! Your phone may be tapped \| India News - Times of India}}</ref> Soon after, he quit the [[Janata Party]] and joined the [[Janata Dal]].

	He contested [[10th Lok Sabha\|Lok Sabha]] [[1991 Indian general election\|elections]] from Bagalkot in [[1991 Indian general election\|1991]] and was defeated by [[Indian National Congress\|Congress]] candidate [[Siddu Nyamagouda]].<ref>https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/former-union-minister-and-congress-mla-siddu-b-nyamagouda-dies-road-accident-82012 Former Union Minister and Congress MLA Siddu B Nyamagouda dies in road accident</ref>		He contested [[10th Lok Sabha\|Lok Sabha]] [[1991 Indian general election\|elections]] from Bagalkot in [[1991 Indian general election\|1991]] and was defeated by [[Indian National Congress\|Congress]] candidate [[Siddu Nyamagouda]].<ref>https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/former-union-minister-and-congress-mla-siddu-b-nyamagouda-dies-road-accident-82012 Former Union Minister and Congress MLA Siddu B Nyamagouda dies in road accident</ref>
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	Despite the weakening of his political stock, Hegde continued to play the role of elder statesman in the fractious Janata Parivar.<ref name=stat8/> He gradually moved away from active politics owing to poor health. He died in Bangalore on 12 January 2004 after prolonged illness at the age of 77.<ref name=stat6>{{cite news\|title=Ramakrishna Hegde passes away\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011307360100.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040120101117/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011307360100.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=20 January 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=13 January 2004}}</ref> His death caused an outpouring of grief in Karnataka.<ref name=stat9>{{cite news\|title=Leaders recall Hegde's contribution\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308280400.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129224707/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308280400.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=29 January 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=13 January 2004}}</ref><ref name=stat10>{{cite news\|title=Admirers throng Hegde's residence\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011305740600.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129224552/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011305740600.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=29 January 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=13 January 2004}}</ref><ref name=stat19>{{cite web\|title=A Tribute to Hegde\|url=http://www.havyaka.itgo.com/Accessories/Hegde/hegdelifepolitics.html}}</ref>		Despite the weakening of his political stock, Hegde continued to play the role of elder statesman in the fractious Janata Parivar.<ref name=stat8/> He gradually moved away from active politics owing to poor health. He died in Bangalore on 12 January 2004 after prolonged illness at the age of 77.<ref name=stat6>{{cite news\|title=Ramakrishna Hegde passes away\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011307360100.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040120101117/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011307360100.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=20 January 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=13 January 2004}}</ref> His death caused an outpouring of grief in Karnataka.<ref name=stat9>{{cite news\|title=Leaders recall Hegde's contribution\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308280400.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129224707/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308280400.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=29 January 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=13 January 2004}}</ref><ref name=stat10>{{cite news\|title=Admirers throng Hegde's residence\|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011305740600.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129224552/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011305740600.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=29 January 2004\|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]\|date=13 January 2004}}</ref><ref name=stat19>{{cite web\|title=A Tribute to Hegde\|url=http://www.havyaka.itgo.com/Accessories/Hegde/hegdelifepolitics.html}}</ref>

	A versatile personality, Hegde also acted in many dramas and films such as ''[[Marana Mrudanga]]'', ''Prajashakti''.<ref name=stat102>{{cite web\|title=Hero Hedge!\|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/aug/21heg.htm\|~~publisher~~=Rediff.com}}</ref> He was the political mentor of a large number of politicians such as [[Jeevaraj Alva]], [[Abdul Samad Siddiqui]], [[M. P. Prakash]], P. G. R. Sindhia, [[R. V. Deshpande]], and groomed many younger politicians. In the latter part of his life he became depressed and trusted only few friends like Alva, Siddiqui and advocate Manas Ranjan, along with his partner, Prathibha Prahlad, who he confided in and spent his free time with. His wife, Shakuntala, unsuccessfully contested for Rajya Sabha as a BJP candidate in 2004.<ref name=stat100>{{cite news\|title=Shakuntala fails to make it to RS\|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun292004/i2.asp\|newspaper=Deccan Herald\|date=29 June 2004}}</ref>		A versatile personality, Hegde also acted in many dramas and films such as ''[[Marana Mrudanga]]'', ''Prajashakti''.<ref name=stat102>{{cite web\|title=Hero Hedge!\|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/aug/21heg.htm\|work=Rediff.com}}</ref> He was the political mentor of a large number of politicians such as [[Jeevaraj Alva]], [[Abdul Samad Siddiqui]], [[M. P. Prakash]], P. G. R. Sindhia, [[R. V. Deshpande]], and groomed many younger politicians. In the latter part of his life he became depressed and trusted only few friends like Alva, Siddiqui and advocate Manas Ranjan, along with his partner, Prathibha Prahlad, who he confided in and spent his free time with. His wife, Shakuntala, unsuccessfully contested for Rajya Sabha as a BJP candidate in 2004.<ref name=stat100>{{cite news\|title=Shakuntala fails to make it to RS\|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun292004/i2.asp\|newspaper=Deccan Herald\|date=29 June 2004}}</ref>

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{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Refimprove|date=June 2008}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| name = Ramakrishna Hegde
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date ={{birth date |df=yes|1926|8|29|}}
| birth_place =[[Dodmane]], [[Siddapur taluk|Siddapura]], [[Kanara]], [[Bombay Presidency]], British India
| death_date ={{death date and age|df=yes|2004|1|12|1926|8|29}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], India
| order = 10th
| office = Chief Minister of Karnataka
| term_start = 10 January 1983
| term_end = 29 December 1984
| governor = [[Ashoknath Banerji]]
| term_start1 = 8 March 1985
| term_end1 = 10 August 1988
| governor1 = [[Ashoknath Banerji]]<br />[[Pendekanti Venkatasubbaiah]]
| predecessor = [[R. Gundu Rao]]
| successor = himself
| predecessor1 = himself
| successor1 = [[S. R. Bommai]]
| office2 = [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of Commerce]]
| primeminister2 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| term_start2 = 1998
| term_end2 = 1999
| predecessor2 = [[Bolla Bulli Ramaiah]]
| successor2 = [[Murasoli Maran]]
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]], [[Janata Party]], [[Janata Dal]], [[Lok Shakti]]
| spouse = Shakuntala Hegde
}}

'''Ramakrishna Mahabaleshwar Hegde''' (29 August 1926 – 12 January 2004) was an Indian politician who served as the tenth [[Chief Minister of Karnataka]] for three terms between 1983 and 1988. He was elected to the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] in 1957, 1962, 1967, 1983, 1985 and 1989, and to the [[Rajya Sabha]] for two terms, 1978–83 and 1996–2002. He also served as [[Minister of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of Commerce and Industry]] in the [[Council of Ministers, India|Union government]] (1998–1999).<ref name=rajya>{{cite web |title=Rajya Sabha Members Biographical Sketches 1952 – 2003: H| url = http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/h.pdf | access-date = 1 September 2014|pages=3–4}}</ref>

==Early life==
Hegde was born at [[Siddapura, Uttara Kannada|Siddapura]] in [[Uttara Kannada]] district into a [[Havyaka Brahmin]] family, he was son of Mahabaleshwar Hegde and Smt. Saraswati Amma Hegde, who hailed from [[Sirimane]] village near [[sringeri]]. Hegde completed a part of his studies at the [[Benaras Hindu University|Kashi Vidyapeeth]] in [[Varanasi]] and later obtained a degree in law from Allahabad university.<ref name=stat11>{{cite news|title=Hegde, a multifaceted personality|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011306771100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040227170037/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011306771100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 February 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 January 2004}}</ref> A lawyer by profession, he participated in the [[Quit India Movement]] of 1942 and was an active member of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]].<ref name=stat1>{{cite web|title=Ramakrishna Hegde dead|url=http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2004/jan/12karna.htm|publisher=rediff.com}}</ref>

==Political career==
Hegde became the president of the Uttara Kannada District Congress Committee from 1954 to 1957 and rose to become the general secretary of the Mysore Pradesh Congress Committee in 1958, a post he held until 1962. Much of his early administrative experience was built up during the governments of [[S. Nijalingappa]] (1956–58 and 1962–68) and [[Veerendra Patil]] (1968–71). He was first elected to the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] in 1957 and appointed a deputy minister. He was later promoted to cabinet-minister rank, holding diverse portfolios such as Youth Welfare and Sports, Cooperation, Industries, Planning, Panchayat Raj, Development, Information and Publicity, Excise and Finance between 1962–71.<ref name=stat1/>

During the famous split in the Congress in 1969, Hegde followed in the footsteps of his mentor Nijalingappa and joined the [[Congress (O)|Congress]](O), the faction that was opposed to Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]]. He was Leader of the Opposition in the [[Karnataka Legislative Council]] for a few years until 1974. The 1975 [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]] crackdown on opposition leaders saw his arrest along with several other state and national level leaders. When the emergency was lifted, he joined the [[Janata Party]] and became the first general secretary of its Karnataka state unit. He was a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] during 1978–83.

==Chief Minister of Karnataka==
When the Janata Party came to power by emerging as the single largest party in the 1983 State elections, he emerged as a consensus Brahmin candidate between the powerful [[Lingayat]] and [[Vokkaliga]] lobbies.<ref name=stat21>{{cite book|title=Shift in Indian Politics: 1983 Elections in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka|year = 1984|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zG4JuQMA-a8C&q=ramakrishna+hegde+manipulator&pg=PA58 |editor=George Mathew|publisher=Edited by George Mathew}}</ref> In the process, he became the first non-Congress chief minister of Karnataka.<ref name=stat8>{{cite news|title=Pillar of anti-Congress movement|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308220400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129224651/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308220400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 January 2004}}</ref> A master strategist, he cobbled up a two-thirds majority for his government by an arrangement of outside support from other parties. His government secured the outside support of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), Left parties and 16 Independents.<ref name=stat22>{{cite web|title=State unit History|url=http://bjpkarnataka.org/history/stgate-history/|publisher=Bharatiya Janata Party- Karnataka}}</ref>

Following the poor performance of the Janata Party in the 1984 elections to the [[8th Lok Sabha]] (it won only 4 out of the 28 seats from Karnataka), Hegde resigned on the grounds that his party had lost its popular mandate and sought a fresh mandate for his government. In the 1985 elections, the Janata Party came to power on its own with a comfortable majority. As Chief Minister between 1983 and 1985 and again between 1985 and 1988, he became an active votary of State rights within a federal set-up, but one who made no concession to regional or linguistic chauvinism. Secondly, he took innovative initiatives in expanding the federal principle within the State, primarily in the area of devolving power to local bodies and in trying to enforce accountability. During his Chief Minister-ship, Karnataka pioneered legislation on Panchayat Raj that devolved a substantial degree of financial and administrative powers to a three-tiered structure of local government. He supported the tireless work of his Minister for Rural Development and Panchayat Raj, Abdul Nazir Sab, in promoting devolution of power to the [[gram panchayat]]s in the state, and the Karnataka implementation became a role model for the rest of India.<ref name=stat7>{{cite news|title=The man behind panchayat raj|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308260400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129224659/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308260400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 January 2004}}</ref> In 1984 he introduced legislation to deal with official and administrative corruption through the institution of the Lokayukta.<ref name=stat2>{{cite news|title=Ramakrishna Hegde, 1926–2004|url=http://hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011401131000.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129221005/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011401131000.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 January 2004}}</ref> Also, he started the 'Kannada watchdog panel' to oversee the implementation of Kannada in administration.<ref name=stat4>{{cite news|title=Unflinching loyalty to Kannada|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011409450400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040307170708/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011409450400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 March 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 January 2004}}</ref> He has the rare distinction of presenting thirteen finance budgets in the state assembly.<ref name=stat1/>

As Chief Minister, Hegde enjoyed immense personal popularity and was acknowledged as an efficient administrator.<ref name=stat3>{{cite news|title=Hegde termed a model administrator|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011409610400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040224200300/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/14/stories/2004011409610400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 January 2004}}</ref> However, as days passed by, his rule was mired with several scams involving alleged corruption on the part of his own family. His son was accused of taking money for a medical seat. There were allegations made by the Congress (I) against him in a case involving the transfer of shares by the [[NGEF]] company.<ref name=stat25>{{cite web|title=A Bomb waiting to explode|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?203521|publisher=Outlook}}</ref>

He submitted resignation from Chief Minister-ship on 13 February 1986 when the [[Karnataka High Court]] censured his government for the way it handled arrack bottling contracts, but withdrew his resignation after three days on 16 February.<ref name=stat23>{{cite web|title=City in a Bottle|url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/city-bottle?page=0,3|publisher=The Caravan}}</ref>

He resigned and quit office in 1988 after allegations of phone tapping of prominent politicians and businessmen in the State.<ref name=stat27>{{cite web|title=Phone tapping: What 1997 Supreme Court verdict says|url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/apr/26/phone-tapping-what-1997-supreme-court-verdict-says.htm|publisher=rediff.com}}</ref><ref>http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOIBG/2010/04/26&ID=Ar01501</ref> Hegde then filed a case against [[Subramanian Swamy]] in 1989 and 1990 after Swamy accused him in tapping.<ref>http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1559770/</ref><ref>http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=39307</ref><ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Watch-out-Your-phone-may-be-tapped/articleshow/1190723.cms?referral=PM</ref> Soon after, he quit the [[Janata Party]] and joined the [[Janata Dal]].

He contested [[10th Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha]] [[1991 Indian general election|elections]] from Bagalkot in [[1991 Indian general election|1991]] and was defeated by [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] candidate [[Siddu Nyamagouda]].<ref>https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/former-union-minister-and-congress-mla-siddu-b-nyamagouda-dies-road-accident-82012 Former Union Minister and Congress MLA Siddu B Nyamagouda dies in road accident</ref>

He was also the Deputy Chairman of the [[Planning Commission of India]] during the tenure of [[V. P. Singh]]. He was expelled from [[Janata Dal]] by its president [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]], as per the instructions of Prime Minister [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] in 1996.<ref name=stat18>{{cite web|title=Taming A Rival|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?201613|publisher=Outlook}}</ref> Following his expulsion, Hegde formed the '''Rashtreeya Nava nirmana vedike''' a social organisation and then his own political party [[Lok Shakti]].<ref name=stat13>{{cite news|title=Hegde launches national party Lok Shakti|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/hegde-launches-national-party-lok-shakti/33397/|newspaper=Business Standard|date=17 February 1997}}</ref> He allied with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and the alliance won a majority of the Lok Sabha seats from Karnataka in the 1998 General Elections.<ref name=stat14>{{cite web|title=Messages from the states: Karnataka|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1506/15060480.htm|publisher=frontline}}</ref> He became the Commerce minister in the BJP led NDA government in 1998.<ref name=stat15>{{cite web|title=The swadeshi route to liberalisation|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1509/15091000.htm|publisher=frontline}}</ref> After the [[Janata Dal]] split of 1999, the faction led by his protégé, Chief Minister [[J. H. Patel]], and the [[Lok Shakti]] merged to form the [[Janata Dal (United)]] and allied with the BJP. However, the alliance suffered a setback in the 1999 General Elections owing to the anti-incumbency against the Patel Government and the Congress party emerged victorious in Karnataka.

==Personal life==
Hegde was married at a very young age to Shakuntala Amma, in a match arranged by their families in the usual Indian way. The marriage, which lasted throughout their lives, was blessed with three children, a son named Bharath appa and two daughters named Mamata and Samata. Shakuntala is a conventional lady, a devoted wife and mother, who adhered to the traditional view that a woman's dignity exists in staying away from the public gaze and the rough and tumble of public life. She continues to reside in Bangalore after Hegde's death, and had to suffer the pain of witnessing the early death of her only son, Bharath, who died of liver cancer in February 2013. Shakuntala Amma Hegde is now of very advanced age and is being cared for by her two daughters.

Hegde was also the romantic partner of a renowned Indian classical dancer [[Pratibha Prahlad]] who was junior to him by 36 years, from the 1980s till his death in 2004. He is also the biological father of her twin sons, Chirantan and Chirayu, who were born in 1998. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bangalore-times/Destinys-child/articleshow/444762.cms|title=Destiny's child|work=Sudha Pillai|publisher=Times Of India|date=25 January 2004}}</ref>

==Later life==
Despite the weakening of his political stock, Hegde continued to play the role of elder statesman in the fractious Janata Parivar.<ref name=stat8/> He gradually moved away from active politics owing to poor health. He died in Bangalore on 12 January 2004 after prolonged illness at the age of 77.<ref name=stat6>{{cite news|title=Ramakrishna Hegde passes away|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011307360100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040120101117/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011307360100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 January 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 January 2004}}</ref> His death caused an outpouring of grief in Karnataka.<ref name=stat9>{{cite news|title=Leaders recall Hegde's contribution|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308280400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129224707/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011308280400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 January 2004}}</ref><ref name=stat10>{{cite news|title=Admirers throng Hegde's residence|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011305740600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129224552/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/13/stories/2004011305740600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 January 2004}}</ref><ref name=stat19>{{cite web|title=A Tribute to Hegde|url=http://www.havyaka.itgo.com/Accessories/Hegde/hegdelifepolitics.html}}</ref>

A versatile personality, Hegde also acted in many dramas and films such as ''[[Marana Mrudanga]]'', ''Prajashakti''.<ref name=stat102>{{cite web|title=Hero Hedge!|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/aug/21heg.htm|publisher=Rediff.com}}</ref> He was the political mentor of a large number of politicians such as [[Jeevaraj Alva]], [[Abdul Samad Siddiqui]], [[M. P. Prakash]], P. G. R. Sindhia, [[R. V. Deshpande]], and groomed many younger politicians. In the latter part of his life he became depressed and trusted only few friends like Alva, Siddiqui and advocate Manas Ranjan, along with his partner, Prathibha Prahlad, who he confided in and spent his free time with. His wife, Shakuntala, unsuccessfully contested for Rajya Sabha as a BJP candidate in 2004.<ref name=stat100>{{cite news|title=Shakuntala fails to make it to RS|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun292004/i2.asp|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=29 June 2004}}</ref>

{{s-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{succession box|
before=[[R. Gundu Rao]]|
title=[[Chief Minister of Karnataka]]|
years= 10 January 1983 – 10 August 1988|
after=[[S. R. Bommai]]
}}
{{s-end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{KarnatakaChiefMinisters}}
{{Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)}}
{{Karnataka ministries}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hegde, Ramakrishna}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Karnataka]]
[[Category:People from Uttara Kannada]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Janata Party]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress (Organisation) politicians]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Indian states]]
[[Category:Lok Shakti politicians]]
[[Category:Commerce and Industry Ministers of India]]