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{{short description|Palestinian Islamic militant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=November 2012}}
{{More footnotes|date=November 2012}}
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ramadan Shalah<br />{{lang|ar|رمضان شلح}}
| image = Ramadan Shalah.jpg
| caption = Ramadan Shalah in 2016
| office = Secretary-General of the [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine]]
| term_start = 27 October 1995
| term_end = 27 September 2018
| deputy = [[Ziyad Al-Nakhaleh]]
| predecessor = [[Fathi Shaqaqi]]
| successor = [[Ziyad Al-Nakhaleh]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1958|01|1}}
| birth_place = [[Shuja'iyya]], [[Gaza City]], [[All-Palestine Protectorate|Gaza Strip]], [[Republic of Egypt (1953–58)|Egypt]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2020|6|6|1958|1|1}}
| death_place = [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]
| restingplace = [[Yarmouk Camp]], [[Syria]]
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname = Ramadan Abdullah Mohammad Shalah
| citizenship =
| nationality = [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]]
| party = Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[Durham University]] ([[Ph.D]])
| occupation =
| profession = [[Professor]] of [[Economics]]
| signature =
| website =
}}

'''Ramadan Abdullah Mohammed Shalah''' ({{lang-ar|رمضان عبد الله محمد شلح}}) (1 January 1958<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/ramadan-abdullah-mohammad-shallah/view |title=Archived copy |website=www.fbi.gov |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925091552/http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/ramadan-abdullah-mohammad-shallah/view |archive-date=25 September 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> – 6 June 2020) was the leader of [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] (PIJ) between 27 October 1995 and 2018. PIJ has been designated a terrorist organisation by the [[United States]],<ref>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/2002/9014.htm US – Office of Counterterrorism]</ref> the [[European Union]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_340/l_34020051223en00640066.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205010122/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2005/l_340/l_34020051223en00640066.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2009|title=List of organisations recognized as terrorist groups|website=europa.eu|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref> the [[United Kingdom]],<ref>{{cite act |title=[[Terrorism Act 2000]] |number=11 |year=2000 |article=2 |articletype=Schedule |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2}}</ref> [[Japan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/2005/ch3-a.pdf|title=MoFA Japan|website=mofa.go.jp|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref> [[Canada]],<ref>[http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp#hhi18 Public safety Canada] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119150657/http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp |date=19 November 2006 }}</ref> [[Australia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/PalestinianIslamicJihad.aspx|title=Palestinian Islamic Jihad
|publisher=Australian National Security|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref> [[New Zealand]]<ref name="NZ-r1373-terrorlist">{{cite web |url=http://www.police.govt.nz/advice/personal-community/counterterrorism/designated-entities/lists-associated-with-resolution-1373 |title=Lists associated with Resolution 1373 |publisher=New Zealand Police |date=20 July 2014 |access-date=16 August 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.police.govt.nz/sites/default/files/publications/renew-pij-2-oct-2013.pdf STATEMENT OF CASE TO RENEW THE DESIGNATION OF PALESTINIAN ISLAMIC JIHAD (PIJ) AS A TERRORIST ENTITY], 2013</ref> and [[Israel]]. On becoming secretary-general of PIJ, Shalah was designated a [[Specially Designated Terrorist]] by the United States on 27 November 1995.<ref name=DesigTerror>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2011/195553.htm#PIJ|title=Country Reports on Terrorism 2011 Chapter 6. Foreign Terrorist Organizations|work=U.S. Department of State |access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref> In 2006, he was placed on the United States [[FBI Most Wanted Terrorists]] list.<ref name=fbiList1/> In April 2018, Shalah suffered a series of strokes, and on 28 September 2018 was replaced by [[Ziyad al-Nakhalah]] as PIJ leader. During the 23 years of his leadership of PIJ, the group undertook [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine#Militant activities|numerous attacks on Israeli civilians]], including suicide bombings; and has suffered extensive operations against its infrastructure carried out by the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]], which resulted in severe losses to the group, and it appeared significantly weakened by 2004.<ref name=ANS-indiscriminateTerrorAttacks>{{cite web|title=Palestinian Islamic Jihad -- al-Quds Brigades |url=http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/PalestinianIslamicJihad.aspx |website=Australian National Security|publisher=Australian Attorney-General's Department |access-date=11 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=ICEJ-terropristsLeader_killed>{{cite web|title=IDF uncovers massive tunnel near Gaza fence Four terrorists killed in Gaza City clashes |url=http://nir.icej.org/news/headlines/idf-uncovers-massive-tunnel-near-gaza-fence |website=icej.org |publisher=The International Christian Embassy Jerusalem|access-date=11 July 2014}}</ref>

==Early life==
Shalah was born in [[Shuja'iyya]], also called Gaza Sejaiya district, a neighborhood in eastern [[Gaza City]].<ref name=fbiList1/>

Shalah earned a [[Ph.D.]] in banking and [[economics]] from the [[University of Durham]], England.<ref name=fbiList1/> Professor [[Sami Al-Arian]] helped bring Shalah to Al-Arian's university, the [[University of South Florida]], in [[Tampa, Florida]], where Shalah taught as an adjunct professor, and where he was appointed by Al-Arian as head of [[World and Islamic Studies Enterprise|WISE]]. Shalah left in 1995 to head PIJ.

Al-Arian would later plead guilty to helping PIJ, and was sentenced to 57 months in prison. Al-Arian said he was shocked to learn Shalah was "anything other than a scholar."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/13/us/professor-talked-of-understanding-but-now-reveals-ties-to-terrorists.html|title= Professor Talked of Understanding But Now Reveals Ties to Terrorists |work=New York Times|date= 13 November 1995 |access-date= 29 April 2015|last1= Niebuhr |first1= Gustav }}</ref>

==Palestinian Islamic Jihad activity==
Shalah became secretary-general of PIJ in 1995, after the assassination of its previous leader, [[Fathi Shiqaqi]] in [[Malta]]. On becoming secretary-general of PIJ, Shalah was designated a [[Specially Designated Terrorist]] by the United States on 27 November 1995.<ref name=DesigTerror/>

Along with fellow PIJ member, [[Abd Al Aziz Awda]], Shalah was indicted in a 53 count indictment in the [[United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida]], [[Tampa, Florida]], on [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act]] (RICO) charges of alleged involvement in racketeering activities for Palestinian Islamic Jihad, a US designated international terrorist organization.<ref name="arrest">{{cite web|url=http://nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/U.S._v_Al-Arian_dojprind.pdf|title=Members of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad Arrested; Charged with Racketeering and Conspiracy to Provide Support to Terrorists|last=U.S. Department of Justice|date=February 20, 2003|work=Press Release|access-date=March 8, 2010}}</ref> Shalah was wanted for conspiracy to conduct the affairs of the PIJ through a pattern of racketeering activities such as bombings, murders, extortion, and money laundering.<ref name=fbiList1>{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/ramadan-abdullah-mohammad-shallah/view |title=FBI — Ramadan Abdullah Mohammad Shalah |work=FBI|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref>

For that indictment, Shalah then became one of six alleged and indicted terrorist fugitives among the second and most recent group of indicted fugitives to be added to the United States [[FBI Most Wanted Terrorists]] list on 24 February 2006,<ref name=fbiList1/> along with Abd Al Aziz Awda.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/abd-al-aziz-awda|title=FBI — ABD AL AZIZ AWDA |work=FBI|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref> They were wanted for conspiracy to conduct the affairs of the designated international terrorist organization, known as the "Palestinian Islamic Jihad".

==Death==
Shalah died on 6 June 2020 in Lebanon after a long illness that included two years in a [[coma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former chief of Palestinian Islamic Jihad dies — report|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/former-chief-of-palestinian-islamic-jihad-dies-report/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref> His funeral was held in [[Damascus]] and was attended by, among others the head of the [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|PIJ]] movement who replaced him, [[Ziyad al-Nakhalah]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/terrorists/tershallah.htm FBI's Most Wanted Terrorists wanted poster of Shalah]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070615021047/http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/english/index.cfm?page=shallah Rewards for Justice wanted poster of Shalah] from US State Dept., similar to the preceding

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shalah, Ramadan}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Durham University]]
[[Category:FBI Most Wanted Terrorists]]
[[Category:Fugitives]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted by the United States]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on organised crime charges]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on terrorism charges]]
[[Category:Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine members]]
[[Category:Leaders of Islamic terror groups]]
[[Category:People convicted of racketeering]]
[[Category:People from Gaza City]]
[[Category:University of South Florida faculty]]
[[Category:Zagazig University alumni]]

Ramadan Shalah - Revision history

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