Ram Manohar Lohia - Revision history

2402:3A80:123F:F831:C0FE:51A4:54DC:CEB0: /* Early life */

2021-10-27T03:33:07Z

Early life

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:03, 27 October 2021
Line 35:		Line 35:
	==Early life==		==Early life==
	[[File:Mani Ram Bagri1.jpg\|thumbnail\|Dr Ram Manohar Lohia, [[Mani Ram Bagri]], [[Madhu Limaye]], S M Joshi]]		[[File:Mani Ram Bagri1.jpg\|thumbnail\|Dr Ram Manohar Lohia, [[Mani Ram Bagri]], [[Madhu Limaye]], S M Joshi]]
	Ram Manohar Lohia was born on 23 March 1910 at [[Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar\|Akbarpur]], ~~currently part of the state of~~ Uttar Pradesh~~, India~~.		Ram Manohar Lohia was born on 23 March 1910 at [[Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar\|Akbarpur]], modern-day [[Uttar Pradesh]]<ref>https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/ambedkar-nagar/story-akbarpur-tehsil-to-be-named-after-dr-ram-manohar-lohia-om-prakash-4252474.html</ref> in a [[Bania(caste)\|Bania]] family.<ref>https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150218/commentary-op-ed/article/aap-victory-baniya-economics</ref> His mother died in 1912, when he was just two years old, and he was later brought up by his father Hiralal who never remarried. In 1918 he accompanied his father to Bombay where he completed his high school education. He attended the [[Banaras Hindu University]] to complete his intermediate and work after standing first in his school's matriculation examinations in 1927. He then joined the [[Vidyasagar College]], under the [[University of Calcutta]] and in 1929, earned his B.A. degree.<ref>K. Gopinath Pillai (1994). ''Political Philosophy of Rammanohar Lohia: Alternative Development Perceptions''. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 68. {{ISBN\|9788171005659}}</ref> He decided to attend Frederick William University (today's [[Humboldt University of Berlin]], Germany), choosing it over the educational institutes in Britain, to convey his dim view of British philosophy. He soon learnt German and received financial assistance based on his outstanding academic performance, studying national economy as his major subject as a doctoral student from 1929 to 1933.<ref name="PhD" />

	~~{{qn~~\|~~date=January 2018}}~~ His mother died in 1912, when he was just two years old, and he was later brought up by his father Hiralal who never remarried. In 1918 he accompanied his father to Bombay where he completed his high school education. He attended the [[Banaras Hindu University]] to complete his intermediate and work after standing first in his school's matriculation examinations in 1927. He then joined the [[Vidyasagar College]], under the [[University of Calcutta]] and in 1929, earned his B.A. degree.<ref>K. Gopinath Pillai (1994). ''Political Philosophy of Rammanohar Lohia: Alternative Development Perceptions''. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 68. {{ISBN\|9788171005659}}</ref> He decided to attend Frederick William University (today's [[Humboldt University of Berlin]], Germany), choosing it over the educational institutes in Britain, to convey his dim view of British philosophy. He soon learnt German and received financial assistance based on his outstanding academic performance, studying national economy as his major subject as a doctoral student from 1929 to 1933.<ref name="PhD" />

	Lohia wrote his Ph.D thesis paper on the topic of ''[[Salt Satyagraha\|Salt Taxation in India]]'',<ref name=PhD>{{cite web\|title=Ram Manohar Lohia as a Doctoral Student in Berlin (1929–1933)\|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/de/lohia\|website=The Institute of Asian and African Studies (IAAW)\|publisher=Humboldt University of Berlin\|access-date=30 March 2015}}</ref> focusing on [[Mahatma Gandhi\|Gandhi's]] socio-economic theory.		Lohia wrote his Ph.D thesis paper on the topic of ''[[Salt Satyagraha\|Salt Taxation in India]]'',<ref name=PhD>{{cite web\|title=Ram Manohar Lohia as a Doctoral Student in Berlin (1929–1933)\|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/de/lohia\|website=The Institute of Asian and African Studies (IAAW)\|publisher=Humboldt University of Berlin\|access-date=30 March 2015}}</ref> focusing on [[Mahatma Gandhi\|Gandhi's]] socio-economic theory.
Line 73:		Line 71:
	* [[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences]] is a medical institute for undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Lucknow.		* [[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences]] is a medical institute for undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Lucknow.
	*Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya Bhawan is a community hall in his hometown of [[Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar]] and is the only memorial in his name.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=148882\|title=Ram Vilas Paswan to visit birthplace of Dr Ram Manohar Lohia at Akhbarpur\|date=2016-08-13\|work=PIB\|access-date=2019-12-11\|language=en-IN}}</ref>		*Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya Bhawan is a community hall in his hometown of [[Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar]] and is the only memorial in his name.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=148882\|title=Ram Vilas Paswan to visit birthplace of Dr Ram Manohar Lohia at Akhbarpur\|date=2016-08-13\|work=PIB\|access-date=2019-12-11\|language=en-IN}}</ref>
	* Lohiya Prakashana, Ballary was a famous publication house in Karnataka.

	==See also==		==See also==

imported>ClueBot NG: Reverting possible vandalism by Iamgreat4eva to version by Serols. Report False Positive? Thanks, ClueBot NG. (4023316) (Bot)

2021-08-17T08:04:23Z

Reverting possible vandalism by Iamgreat4eva to version by Serols. Report False Positive? Thanks, ClueBot NG. (4023316) (Bot)

New page

{{Short description|20th-century Indian independence activist and socialist political leader}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ram Manohar Lohia
| image = Ram Manohar Lohia 1977 stamp of India.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Lohia on a 1977 stamp of India
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1910|03|23}}
| birth_place = [[Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar|Akbarpur]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1967|10|12|1910|03|23}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| movement = [[Quit India Movement]]<br>[[Indian independence movement]]
| education =
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]] ([[B.A.|BA]])<br>[[Humboldt University of Berlin]] ([[PhD]])
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br>[[Praja Socialist Party]]<br>[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
| religion =
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| awards =
| signature =
| footnotes =
| website = {{URL|www.lohiatoday.com}}
}}

'''Ram Manohar Lohia''' {{audio|Ram manohar Lohia.ogg|pronunciation}}, (23 March 1910 – 12 October 1967) was an activist in the [[Indian independence movement]] and a [[socialist]] political leader.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.lokniti.org/pdfs_dataunit/publications2010/on_remembering_lohia.pdf |title=On Remembering Lohia |volume=45 |issue = 40 |date=2 October 2010 |author=Yogendra Yadav |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|pages=46}}</ref> During the last phase of British rule in India, he worked with the Congress Radio which was broadcast secretly from various places in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] until 1942.<ref>Bipan Chandra pal, et AL, India's Struggle for Independence</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:Mani Ram Bagri1.jpg|thumbnail|Dr Ram Manohar Lohia, [[Mani Ram Bagri]], [[Madhu Limaye]], S M Joshi]]
Ram Manohar Lohia was born on 23 March 1910 at [[Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar|Akbarpur]], currently part of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

{{qn|date=January 2018}} His mother died in 1912, when he was just two years old, and he was later brought up by his father Hiralal who never remarried. In 1918 he accompanied his father to Bombay where he completed his high school education. He attended the [[Banaras Hindu University]] to complete his intermediate and work after standing first in his school's matriculation examinations in 1927. He then joined the [[Vidyasagar College]], under the [[University of Calcutta]] and in 1929, earned his B.A. degree.<ref>K. Gopinath Pillai (1994). ''Political Philosophy of Rammanohar Lohia: Alternative Development Perceptions''. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 68. {{ISBN|9788171005659}}</ref> He decided to attend Frederick William University (today's [[Humboldt University of Berlin]], Germany), choosing it over the educational institutes in Britain, to convey his dim view of British philosophy. He soon learnt German and received financial assistance based on his outstanding academic performance, studying national economy as his major subject as a doctoral student from 1929 to 1933.<ref name="PhD" />

Lohia wrote his Ph.D thesis paper on the topic of ''[[Salt Satyagraha|Salt Taxation in India]]'',<ref name=PhD>{{cite web|title=Ram Manohar Lohia as a Doctoral Student in Berlin (1929–1933)|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/de/lohia|website=The Institute of Asian and African Studies (IAAW)|publisher=Humboldt University of Berlin|access-date=30 March 2015}}</ref> focusing on [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi's]] socio-economic theory.

==National Movement==
[[File:Ram Manohar Lohia 1997 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Lohia on a 1997 stamp of India]]
[[File:Lohia Maidan.jpg|thumb|Statue of Lohia in [[Margao]], [[Goa]].]]
Lohia was one of the founders of the [[Congress Socialist Party]] and editor of its mouthpiece ''Congress Socialist''. In 1936, he was selected by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] as the secretary of the Foreign Department of the All India Congress Committee (A.I.C.C), the highest body of the Congress Party. By the time he quit that responsibility in 1938, Lohia started to develop his own political standpoint by critically examining positions held by the Gandhian leadership of the Congress<ref>R. Lohia, ''The Conquest of violence'', Congress Socialist, 9 April 14 May, 28 May & 4 June 1938, Collected Works of Dr Rammanohar Lohia, vol. 8: 402–417. {{ISBN|9788179753798}}.</ref> and the Communists who had poured into the CSP.<ref>R. Lohia, ''The Russian Trials'', Congress Socialist, 9 April & 7 May 1938, Collected Works of Dr. Rammanohar Lohia, vol. 8: 395–401. {{ISBN|9788179753798}}.</ref> In June 1940, he was arrested and sentenced to a jail term of two years for delivering anti-war speeches.<ref>Onkar Sharad (1972) ''Lohia''. Lucknow, Prakashan Kendra. pp. 103f.</ref> Already released by the end of 1941, Lohia became one of the leading figures of the Central Directorate which clandestinely tried to organise the [[Quit India]] revolt, sparked by Gandhi in August 1942. Captured in May 1944, he was incarcerated and tortured in Lahore Fort. As one of the last high security prisoners, Lohia, together with [[Jayaprakash Narayan]], was finally released on 11 April 1946.<ref>The Times, 15 April 1946, p. 4.</ref> He was the one who gave the idea of sapta kranti.

==Later Political Career==

As a member of the Congress Socialist Party Lohia joined with that party when it left Congress. He remained a member of the Socialist Party when it fused in 1952 with the Kisan Majdoor Praja Party to form the Praja Socialist Party. Unhappy with the new party Lohia led a split from it to reform the Socialist Party (Lohia) in 1956. He lost to Nehru in 1962 general election in Phulpur. In 1963 Lohia became a member of the Lok Sabha after a by-election in [[Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency)]] and in 1965 merged the Socialist Party (Lohia) into the ranks of the Samyukta Socialist Party. The two socialist factions merged, split and re-merged several times. In 1967, Lohia played an instrumental role in formation of the first non-Congress government in Uttar Pradesh. This alliance was formed by Lohia and Bharatiya Jan Sangh leader [[Nanaji Deshmukh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/india/nanaji-deshmukh-key-architect-of-janata-party-who-quit-politics-to-transform-rural-india/521300/|title=Nanaji Deshmukh — key architect of Janata Party, who quit politics to transform rural India|website=The Print|accessdate=8 April 2021}}</ref> He won Lok Sabha general election of 1967 from [[Kannauj (Lok Sabha constituency)]], but died a few months later.

==Major writings in English==
* ''The Caste System'': Hyderabad, Navahind [1964] 147 p.
* ''Foreign Policy'': Aligarh, P.C. Dwadash Shreni, [1963?] 381 p.
* ''Fragments of World Mind'': Maitrayani Publishers & Booksellers ; Allahabad [1949] 262 p.
* ''Fundamentals of a World Mind'': ed. by K.S. Karanth. Bombay, Sindhu Publications, [1987] 130 p.
* ''Guilty Men of India’s Partition'': Lohia Samata Vidyalaya Nyas, Publication Dept.,[1970] 103 p.
* ''India, China, and Northern Frontiers'': Hyderabad, Navahind [1963] 272 p.
* ''Interval During Politics'': Hyderabad, Navahind [1965] 197 p.
* ''Marx, Gandhi and Socialism'': Hyderabad, Navahind [1963] 550 p.
* ''Collected Works of Dr Lohia'' A nine volume set edited by veteran Socialist writer Dr Mastram Kapoor in English and published by Anamika Publications, New Delhi.

==Writings in Kannada Translation==

* The complete works of Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia were translated and published in six volumes by the Government of Karnataka at the subsidized price.
* There were lot of books available in Kannada about Lohia and also many private publications published the works of Lohia.

==Memorials==
* [[Avadh University]] in [[Faizabad]] was renamed as "[[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University]]".
* The [[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University]] in [[Lucknow]], one of India's top National law schools, is named after him.
* [[18th June Road]], in [[Panjim]], Goa, is named after him. It was that date in 1946 where he launched an agitation against colonial rule.
* The Willingdon Hospital of [[New Delhi]] was renamed [[Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital]] in the 1970s. Ram Manohar Lohia died in this hospital due to health complications following a surgery<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archives/dr-ram-manohar-lohia-dead/article19841089.ece|title=Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia dead|date=2017-10-12|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-05-24|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences]] is a medical institute for undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Lucknow.
*Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya Bhawan is a community hall in his hometown of [[Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar]] and is the only memorial in his name.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=148882|title=Ram Vilas Paswan to visit birthplace of Dr Ram Manohar Lohia at Akhbarpur|date=2016-08-13|work=PIB|access-date=2019-12-11|language=en-IN}}</ref>
* Lohiya Prakashana, Ballary was a famous publication house in Karnataka.

==See also==
*[[Jagdeo Prasad]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''Makers of Modern India'', by Ramachandra Guha. Published by Penguin Viking (2010), {{ISBN|0674725964|}} [https://books.google.co.uk/books?redir_esc=y&id=Kkyom-cQNecC&q=Lohia+was+an+early+recruit+into+the+Congress+Socialist+Party#v=snippet&q=Lohia%20was%20an%20early%20recruit%20into%20the%20Congress%20Socialist%20Party&f=false]
* ''Socialist Thought in India: The Contribution of Ram Manohar Lohia'', by M. Arumugam, New Delhi, Sterling (1978)
* ''Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, his Life and Philosophy'', by Indumati Kelkar. Published for Samajwadi Sahitya Sansthan, Delhi by Anamika Publishers & Distributors (2009) {{ISBN|978-81-7975-286-9}}
* ''Lohia, A Study'', by N. C. Mehrotra, Atma Ram (1978)
* ''Lohia and Parliament'', Published by Lok Sabha Secretariat (1991)
* ''Lohia thru Letters'', Published by Roma Mitra (1983)
* ''Lohia and America Meet'', by Harris Woofford, Sindhu (1987)
* ''Leftism in India: 1917–1947'', by Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri, London and New Delhi, Palgrave Macmillan (2008)
* ''Lohia Ek Jeevani'', by Omprakash Deepak And Arvind Mohan, Published by Wagdevi Prakashan (2006)
* Rammanohar Lohia: The Man and his Ism, by Girish Mishra and Braj Kumar Pandey, Eastern Books, New Delhi, 1992

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ram Manohar Lohia}}
* [http://www.kamat.com/database/biographies/ram_manohar_lohia.htm Lohia Pictures at Kamat]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lohia, Ram Manohar}}
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]
[[Category:Vidyasagar College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni]]
[[Category:Goa liberation activists]]
[[Category:Indian socialists]]
[[Category:Praja Socialist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Ambedkar Nagar district]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:4th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:3rd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:People from Farrukhabad]]
[[Category:People from Kannauj district]]
[[Category:Samyukta Socialist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party politicians]]