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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:21, 5 May 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~April 2012~~}}		{{short description\|British philologist of Indian languages}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=November 2021}}
	[[Image:Gurkha inscription.JPG\|right\|thumb\|200px\|		[[Image:Gurkha inscription.JPG\|right\|thumb\|200px\|
	{{center\|		{{center\|
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	''than you.''<br/>		''than you.''<br/>
	Professor Sir Ralph Turner MC}}]]		Professor Sir Ralph Turner MC}}]]
	'''Sir Ralph Lilley Turner''' {{post-nominals\|country=GBR\|size-100%\|MC}} (5 October 1888 – 22 April 1983) was a [[England\|British]] [[Languages of India\|Indian languages~~]] [[philologist~~]] and university administrator. He is notable for composing an [[Proto-Indo-Aryan language\|Indo-Aryan]] comparative dictionary. He is also the author of some publications concerning the [[Romani language]].		'''Sir Ralph Lilley Turner''' {{post-nominals\|country=GBR\|size=100%\|MC}} (5 October 1888 – 22 April 1983) was a [[England\|British]] [[philologist]] of [[Languages of India\|Indian languages]] and a university administrator. He is notable for composing an [[Proto-Indo-Aryan language\|Indo-Aryan]] comparative dictionary. He is also the author of some publications concerning the [[Romani language]].

	==Early life and education==		==Early life and education==
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	In 1913, he joined the Indian Educational Service as a lecturer at Queen's College, [[Benares]]. From 1915 to 1919, he served with the 2nd battalion, [[3 Gorkha Rifles\|3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles]] in the [[British Indian Army]] during [[World War I]], winning the [[Military Cross]] in [[Palestine (region)\|Palestine]]. From 1920 to 1922, he was Professor of Indian Linguistics at [[Benares Hindu University]].		In 1913, he joined the Indian Educational Service as a lecturer at Queen's College, [[Benares]]. From 1915 to 1919, he served with the 2nd battalion, [[3 Gorkha Rifles\|3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles]] in the [[British Indian Army]] during [[World War I]], winning the [[Military Cross]] in [[Palestine (region)\|Palestine]]. From 1920 to 1922, he was Professor of Indian Linguistics at [[Benares Hindu University]].

	In 1922, Turner returned to England as Professor of [[Sanskrit]] at the [[School of Oriental Studies]] at the [[University of London]]. Between 1924 and 1932, he also published several papers on Romani Studies in the ''Journal of the [[Gypsy Lore Society]]'', including "On the position of Romani in Indo-Aryan" (1927). He was director of the school from 1937 to 1957, although he continued to occupy his chair as well until 1954. From 1939 onwards he frequently warned the [[War Office]] that given the possibility of war with Japan it was essential to start training linguists immediately, but his warnings were ignored. It was only after the outbreak of war with Japan that, early in 1942, the War Office and the [[Board of Education]] put together a plan with SOAS for short courses in Japanese to meet wartime demands.<ref>Peter Kornicki, ''Eavesdropping on the Emperor: Interrogators and Codebreakers in Britain's War with Japan'' (London: Hurst & Co., 2021), pp. ~~16-17~~, ~~49-50~~, 59.</ref>		In 1922, Turner returned to England as Professor of [[Sanskrit]] at the [[School of Oriental Studies]] at the [[University of London]]. Between 1924 and 1932, he also published several papers on Romani Studies in the ''Journal of the [[Gypsy Lore Society]]'', including "On the position of Romani in Indo-Aryan" (1927). He was director of the school from 1937 to 1957, although he continued to occupy his chair as well until 1954. From 1939 onwards he frequently warned the [[War Office]] that given the possibility of war with Japan it was essential to start training linguists immediately, but his warnings were ignored. It was only after the outbreak of war with Japan that, early in 1942, the [[War Office]] and the [[Board of Education (United Kingdom)\|Board of Education]] put together a plan with SOAS for short courses in Japanese to meet wartime demands.<ref>Peter Kornicki, ''Eavesdropping on the Emperor: Interrogators and Codebreakers in Britain's War with Japan'' (London: Hurst & Co., 2021), pp. 16–17, 49–50, 59.</ref>

	He was [[Knight Bachelor\|knighted]] in 1950. His [[masterpiece\|magnum opus]], the ''Comparative [[Dictionary]] of the [[Indo-Aryan languages]]'' was published in 1966.		He was [[Knight Bachelor\|knighted]] in 1950. His [[masterpiece\|magnum opus]], the ''Comparative [[Dictionary]] of the [[Indo-Aryan languages]]'' was published in 1966.

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Career: addition

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
[[Image:Gurkha inscription.JPG|right|thumb|200px|
{{center|
THE GURKHA 
SOLDIER 
''Bravest of the brave,'' 
''most generous of the generous,'' 
''never had country'' 
''more faithful friends'' 
''than you.'' 
Professor Sir Ralph Turner MC}}]]
'''Sir Ralph Lilley Turner''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size-100%|MC}} (5 October 1888 – 22 April 1983) was a [[England|British]] [[Languages of India|Indian languages]] [[philologist]] and university administrator. He is notable for composing an [[Proto-Indo-Aryan language|Indo-Aryan]] comparative dictionary. He is also the author of some publications concerning the [[Romani language]].

==Early life and education==
Turner was born in [[Charlton, London]], the son of Bertha (Lilley) and George S. Turner. He was educated at the [[Perse School]] and [[Christ's College, Cambridge]].

==Career==
In 1913, he joined the Indian Educational Service as a lecturer at Queen's College, [[Benares]]. From 1915 to 1919, he served with the 2nd battalion, [[3 Gorkha Rifles|3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles]] in the [[British Indian Army]] during [[World War I]], winning the [[Military Cross]] in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. From 1920 to 1922, he was Professor of Indian Linguistics at [[Benares Hindu University]].

In 1922, Turner returned to England as Professor of [[Sanskrit]] at the [[School of Oriental Studies]] at the [[University of London]]. Between 1924 and 1932, he also published several papers on Romani Studies in the ''Journal of the [[Gypsy Lore Society]]'', including "On the position of Romani in Indo-Aryan" (1927). He was director of the school from 1937 to 1957, although he continued to occupy his chair as well until 1954. From 1939 onwards he frequently warned the [[War Office]] that given the possibility of war with Japan it was essential to start training linguists immediately, but his warnings were ignored. It was only after the outbreak of war with Japan that, early in 1942, the War Office and the [[Board of Education]] put together a plan with SOAS for short courses in Japanese to meet wartime demands.<ref>Peter Kornicki, ''Eavesdropping on the Emperor: Interrogators and Codebreakers in Britain's War with Japan'' (London: Hurst & Co., 2021), pp. 16-17, 49-50, 59.</ref>

He was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in 1950. His [[masterpiece|magnum opus]], the ''Comparative [[Dictionary]] of the [[Indo-Aryan languages]]'' was published in 1966.

The British memorial in London to the [[Brigade of Gurkhas|Gurkhas]] was unveiled by Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]] on 3 December 1997.<ref name=BBC-97-12-4>Staff. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1997/gurkhas/36397.stm The Gurkhas – Britain's oldest allies] BBC, 4 December 1997</ref> The legend on the [[Brigade of Gurkhas#London memorial|Gurkha memorial]] is taken from the following quotation written by Sir Ralph:

{{cquote|As I write these last words, my thoughts return to you who were my comrades, the stubborn and indomitable peasants of Nepal. Once more I hear the laughter with which you greeted every hardship. Once more I see you in your bivouacs or about your fires, on forced march or in the trenches, now shivering with wet and cold, now scorched by a pitiless and burning sun. Uncomplaining you endure hunger and thirst and wounds; and at the last your unwavering lines disappear into the smoke and wrath of battle. Bravest of the brave, most generous of the generous, never had country more faithful friends than you.}}

==Personal life==
He was married to Dorothy Rivers Goulty. One of his grandchildren is Professor [[Geoffrey L. Smith]], head of the Department of Pathology at the [[University of Cambridge]].

Another grandchild of Sir Ralph Turner is [[David Tee]], who is in the current England 45+ indoor cricket team. Earlier in his career he had a successful few years for Hertfordshire, and toured the [[West Indies]] representing Great British colleges.

Through his daughter, Kathleen L. Turner, one of his great-grandchildren is actor [[Jeremy Irvine]].

==References==
*[[Dictionary of National Biography]]
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/618885 Obituary: Sir Ralph Lilley Turner], Wright, J.C. & Cowan, C.D. (1984) ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies.'' University of London. Vol. 47, No. 3. pp. 540–548.

==Works==
*[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/turner/ A Comparative and Etymological Dictionary of the Nepali Language]
*[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/soas/ A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages]

==Archives==
* Papers of Ralph Turner are held by [http://archives.soas.ac.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=MS+380710&pos=1 SOAS Special Collections]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Turner, Ralph}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Charlton, London]]
[[Category:People educated at The Perse School]]
[[Category:Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:English orientalists]]
[[Category:English philologists]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Academics of SOAS University of London]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Cross]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Fellows of Christ's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal Asiatic Society]]

Ralph Lilley Turner - Revision history

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