Raju - Revision history

Geri3389994518: small improve information for consistency and fixed typos per sources

2026-03-23T15:38:29Z

small improve information for consistency and fixed typos per sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:08, 23 March 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Short description\|Raju, Telugu Caste}}		{{Short description\|Raju, Telugu Caste}}
			{{for-multi\|the village in Iran\|Raju, Iran\|other uses\|Raju (disambiguation)}}
			{{protection padlock\|small=yes}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2019}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2019}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=May 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=May 2019}}

	~~{{for multi\|the village in Iran\|Raju, Iran\|other uses\|Raju (disambiguation)}}~~

	{{Infobox caste		{{Infobox caste
	\| caste_name = Raju		\| caste_name = Raju
Line 11:		Line 10:
	\| religions =		\| religions =
	}}		}}
	The '''Raju''' are a [[Telugu people\|Telugu]] caste found mostly in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].		The '''Raju''' are a [[Telugu people\|Telugu]] caste found mostly in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].

	==~~Varna Status==~~		==Etymology and Early references==
	The Raju caste, which A. Satyanarayana calls the "locally dominant landed gentry", claims [[Kshatriya]] status in the [[Varna (Hinduism)\|varna]] system despite there being "no real Kshatriya varna" in the Andhra region.<ref>{{cite book \|chapter=Growth of Education among the Dalit-Bahujan Communities in Modern Andhra, 1893-1947 \|first=A. \|last=Satyanarayana \|title=Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India \|editor-first=Sabyasachi \|editor-last=Bhattacharya \|publisher=Orient Blackswan \|year=2002 \|isbn=978-81-250-2192-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-jBIp3iWdEC \|page=53 \|access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>{{efn\|The anthropologist Minna Säävälä [[Glossary\|glossarises]] the present-day Rajus as a "higher caste of traditional warriors and rulers; Kshatriya",<ref>{{cite book\|first=Minna \|last=Säävälä \|title=Fertility and familial power relations: procreation in south India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c9FwQxGqwOUC&pg=PA16 \|access-date=4 March 2014 \|year=2001 \|publisher=[[Psychology Press]] \|isbn=~~978-0-7007-1484-1 \|page~~=~~xvi}}</ref> but does not provide an explanation or source for this description.}}~~

	''Raju'' is a [[Telugu language]] variant of the [[Sanskrit]] title ''[[Raja]]'', a term for a monarch or princely ruler. Cynthia Talbot describes the term as being:		''Raju'' is a [[Telugu language]] variant of the [[Sanskrit]] title ''[[Raja]]'', a term for a monarch or princely ruler. Cynthia Talbot describes the term as being:
	{{~~quote~~\|...most often used by members of noble or princely lineages. [But it] could also designate an individual employed by a lord or prince.<ref name="talbot" />}}		{{blockquote\|...most often used by members of noble or princely lineages. [But it] could also designate an individual employed by a lord or prince.<ref name="talbot" />}}

	In medieval Andhra Pradesh, the title was used in both senses, and was very likely adopted by some secular [[Brahmin]]s, who occupied important advisory functions. The royal usage at that time was particularly prevalent in the northern coastal areas of the region. Talbot also notes that the title, and others in use at that time, do not align with the [[Vedic]] four-fold varna system and in that sense could not refer to a [[caste]].<ref name="talbot">{{cite book \|title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra \|first=Austin Cynthia \|last=Talbot \|location=Oxford \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|year=2001 \|isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C \|pages=57–58 \|access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref> However, they do appear to have conformed to		In medieval Andhra Pradesh, the title was used in both senses, and was very likely adopted by some secular [[Brahmin]]s, who occupied important advisory functions. The royal usage at that time was particularly prevalent in the northern coastal areas of the region. Talbot also notes that the title, and others in use at that time, do not align with the [[Vedic]] four-fold varna system and in that sense could not refer to a [[caste]].<ref name="talbot">{{cite book \|title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra \|first=Austin Cynthia \|last=Talbot \|location=Oxford \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|year=2001 \|isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C \|pages=57–58 \|access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref> However, they do appear to have conformed to
	{{~~quote~~\|...the existence of broad social categories based primarily on occupation. Although [the title] did not necessarily designate a distinct class, much less a bounded community, or a hereditary grouping, various sets of these titles differentiated social types marked by a common status and shared occupation.<ref name="Talbot">{{cite book \|title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra \|first=Austin Cynthia \|last=Talbot \|location=Oxford \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|year=2001 \|isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C \|page=61 \|access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>}}		{{blockquote\|...the existence of broad social categories based primarily on occupation. Although [the title] did not necessarily designate a distinct class, much less a bounded community, or a hereditary grouping, various sets of these titles differentiated social types marked by a common status and shared occupation.<ref name="Talbot">{{cite book \|title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra \|first=Austin Cynthia \|last=Talbot \|location=Oxford \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|year=2001 \|isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C \|page=61 \|access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>}}

	Temple inscriptions from the period of the [[Kakatiya dynasty]], a [[South India]]n dynasty that flourished between 1175-1324 CE in the Telugu-speaking lands now in Andhra Pradesh, refer both to royal and clerical ''rajus'' as donors, together with peasant leaders called ''[[Reddy\|Reddies]]''.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra \|first=Austin Cynthia \|last=Talbot \|location=Oxford \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|year=2001 \|isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C \|pages=17, 112 \|access-date=2014-03-04}}</ref>		Temple inscriptions from the period of the [[Kakatiya dynasty]], a [[South India]]n dynasty that flourished between 1175 and 1324 CE in the Telugu-speaking lands now in Andhra Pradesh, refer both to royal and clerical ''rajus'' as donors, together with peasant leaders called ''[[Reddy\|Reddies]]''.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra \|first=Austin Cynthia \|last=Talbot \|location=Oxford \|publisher=Oxford University Press \|year=2001 \|isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C \|pages=17, 112 \|access-date=2014-03-04}}</ref>

	==Modern ~~community~~==		==Varna Status==
			The Raju caste, which A. Satyanarayana calls the "locally dominant landed gentry", claims [[Kshatriya]] status in the [[Varna (Hinduism)\|varna]] system despite there being "no real Kshatriya varna" in the Andhra region.<ref>{{cite book \|chapter=Growth of Education among the Dalit-Bahujan Communities in Modern Andhra, 1893-1947 \|first=A. \|last=Satyanarayana \|title=Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India \|editor-first=Sabyasachi \|editor-last=Bhattacharya \|publisher=Orient Blackswan \|year=2002 \|isbn=978-81-250-2192-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-jBIp3iWdEC \|page=53 \|access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>{{efn\|The anthropologist Minna Säävälä [[Glossary\|glossarises]] the present-day Rajus as a "higher caste of traditional warriors and rulers; Kshatriya",<ref>{{cite book\|first=Minna \|last=Säävälä \|title=Fertility and familial power relations: procreation in south India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c9FwQxGqwOUC&pg=PA16 \|access-date=4 March 2014 \|year=2001 \|publisher=[[Psychology Press]] \|isbn=978-0-7007-1484-1 \|page=xvi}}</ref> but does not provide an explanation or source for this description.}} A. Satyanarayana further classifies the Raju/Kshatriya caste as one of the three communities—alongside the Brahmins and the Arya Vaishya/Komati—that constitute the upper-caste [[Dvija\|dwijas]] segment in the local social order and are recognized as claimants to the "twice-born" status.<ref>{{cite book \|chapter=Growth of Education among the Dalit-Bahujan Communities in Modern Andhra, 1893-1947 \|first=A. \|last=Satyanarayana \|title=Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India \|editor-first=Sabyasachi \|editor-last=Bhattacharya \|publisher=Orient Blackswan \|year=2002 \|isbn=978-81-250-2192-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-jBIp3iWdEC \|pages=17, 54 \|access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>

	===Population===		==Population==
	A report published by the [[Overseas Development Institute]] in 2002, describing the Rajus of Andhra as an ex-warrior caste, noted that along with the [[Kapu (caste)\|Kapu]] and [[Velama (caste)\|Velama]] they were		A report published by the Overseas Development Institute in 2002, describing the Rajus of Andhra as an ex-warrior caste, noted that along with the [[Kapu (caste)\|Kapu]] and [[Velama (caste)\|Velama]] they were
	{{~~quote~~\|...important communities with considerable political significance in the State, although in numerical terms they constitute only a small percentage of the population and spatially are confined only to small pockets.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories \|first=K. \|last=Srinivasulu \|page=3 \|location=London \|publisher=Overseas Development Institute \|date=September 2002 \|url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp179.pdf \|isbn=0-85003-612-7 \|access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>}}		{{blockquote\|...important communities with considerable political significance in the State, although in numerical terms they constitute only a small percentage of the population and spatially are confined only to small pockets.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories \|first=K. \|last=Srinivasulu \|page=3 \|location=London \|publisher=Overseas Development Institute \|date=September 2002 \|url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp179.pdf \|isbn=0-85003-612-7 \|access-date=2012-02-29 \|archive-date=28 September 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928021821/http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp179.pdf \|url-status=dead }}</ref>}}

	{{As of\|2002}} the Rajus constituted less than 1 per cent of the population in Andhra Pradesh, concentrated mainly in the [[Coastal Andhra\|coastal region]].<ref>{{cite book \|title=Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India \|first=K. C. \|last=Suri \|publisher=Overseas Development Institute \|location=London \|date=September 2002 \|page=10 \|isbn=0-85003-613-5 \|url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp180.pdf \|access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>		{{As of\|2002}} the Rajus constituted less than 1 per cent of the population in Andhra Pradesh, concentrated mainly in the [[Coastal Andhra\|coastal region]].<ref>{{cite book \|title=Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India \|first=K. C. \|last=Suri \|publisher=Overseas Development Institute \|location=London \|date=September 2002 \|page=10 \|isbn=0-85003-613-5 \|url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp180.pdf \|access-date=2012-02-29 \|archive-date=28 September 2007 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928021624/http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp180.pdf \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
Line 42:		Line 41:
	[[Category:Indian castes]]		[[Category:Indian castes]]
	[[Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh]]		[[Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh]]
			[[Category:South Indian communities]]

Ajay Kumar: Added citation

2023-07-23T15:09:50Z

Added citation

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:39, 23 July 2023
Line 3:		Line 3:
	{{Use Indian English\|date=May 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=May 2019}}

	{{~~about\|~~\|the village in Iran\|Raju, Iran\|~~others~~\|Raju (disambiguation)}}		{{for multi\|the village in Iran\|Raju, Iran\|other uses\|Raju (disambiguation)}}

	{{Infobox caste		{{Infobox caste
Line 28:		Line 28:
	===Population===		===Population===
	A report published by the [[Overseas Development Institute]] in 2002, describing the Rajus of Andhra as an ex-warrior caste, noted that along with the [[Kapu (caste)\|Kapu]] and [[Velama (caste)\|Velama]] they were		A report published by the [[Overseas Development Institute]] in 2002, describing the Rajus of Andhra as an ex-warrior caste, noted that along with the [[Kapu (caste)\|Kapu]] and [[Velama (caste)\|Velama]] they were
	{{quote\|...important communities with considerable political significance in the State, although in numerical terms they constitute only a small percentage of the population and spatially are confined only to small pockets.<ref>{{cite ~~web~~ \|title=Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories \|first=K. \|last=Srinivasulu \|page=3 \|location=London \|publisher=Overseas Development Institute \|date=September 2002 \|url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp179.pdf \|isbn=0-85003-612-7 \|access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>}}		{{quote\|...important communities with considerable political significance in the State, although in numerical terms they constitute only a small percentage of the population and spatially are confined only to small pockets.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories \|first=K. \|last=Srinivasulu \|page=3 \|location=London \|publisher=Overseas Development Institute \|date=September 2002 \|url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp179.pdf \|isbn=0-85003-612-7 \|access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>}}

	{{As of\|2002}} the Rajus constituted less than 1 per cent of the population in Andhra Pradesh, concentrated mainly in the [[Coastal Andhra\|coastal region]].<ref>{{cite ~~web~~ \|title=Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India \|first=K. C. \|last=Suri \|publisher=Overseas Development Institute \|location=London \|date=September 2002 \|page=10 \|isbn=0-85003-613-5 \|url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp180.pdf \|access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>		{{As of\|2002}} the Rajus constituted less than 1 per cent of the population in Andhra Pradesh, concentrated mainly in the [[Coastal Andhra\|coastal region]].<ref>{{cite book \|title=Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India \|first=K. C. \|last=Suri \|publisher=Overseas Development Institute \|location=London \|date=September 2002 \|page=10 \|isbn=0-85003-613-5 \|url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp180.pdf \|access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==

ImportMaster: robot: import pages using Special:Import

2022-05-15T05:20:09Z

robot: import pages using Special:Import

New page

{{Short description|Raju, Telugu Caste}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}

{{about||the village in Iran|Raju, Iran|others|Raju (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox caste
| caste_name = Raju
| populated_states = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| languages = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| religions =
}}
The '''Raju''' are a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] caste found mostly in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].

==Varna Status==
The Raju caste, which A. Satyanarayana calls the "locally dominant landed gentry", claims [[Kshatriya]] status in the [[Varna (Hinduism)|varna]] system despite there being "no real Kshatriya varna" in the Andhra region.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Growth of Education among the Dalit-Bahujan Communities in Modern Andhra, 1893-1947 |first=A. |last=Satyanarayana |title=Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India |editor-first=Sabyasachi |editor-last=Bhattacharya |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2002 |isbn=978-81-250-2192-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-jBIp3iWdEC |page=53 |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>{{efn|The anthropologist Minna Säävälä [[Glossary|glossarises]] the present-day Rajus as a "higher caste of traditional warriors and rulers; Kshatriya",<ref>{{cite book|first=Minna |last=Säävälä |title=Fertility and familial power relations: procreation in south India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c9FwQxGqwOUC&pg=PA16 |access-date=4 March 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=[[Psychology Press]] |isbn=978-0-7007-1484-1 |page=xvi}}</ref> but does not provide an explanation or source for this description.}}

''Raju'' is a [[Telugu language]] variant of the [[Sanskrit]] title ''[[Raja]]'', a term for a monarch or princely ruler. Cynthia Talbot describes the term as being:
{{quote|...most often used by members of noble or princely lineages. [But it] could also designate an individual employed by a lord or prince.<ref name="talbot" />}}

In medieval Andhra Pradesh, the title was used in both senses, and was very likely adopted by some secular [[Brahmin]]s, who occupied important advisory functions. The royal usage at that time was particularly prevalent in the northern coastal areas of the region. Talbot also notes that the title, and others in use at that time, do not align with the [[Vedic]] four-fold varna system and in that sense could not refer to a [[caste]].<ref name="talbot">{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |pages=57–58 |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref> However, they do appear to have conformed to
{{quote|...the existence of broad social categories based primarily on occupation. Although [the title] did not necessarily designate a distinct class, much less a bounded community, or a hereditary grouping, various sets of these titles differentiated social types marked by a common status and shared occupation.<ref name="Talbot">{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |page=61 |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>}}

Temple inscriptions from the period of the [[Kakatiya dynasty]], a [[South India]]n dynasty that flourished between 1175-1324 CE in the Telugu-speaking lands now in Andhra Pradesh, refer both to royal and clerical ''rajus'' as donors, together with peasant leaders called ''[[Reddy|Reddies]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |pages=17, 112 |access-date=2014-03-04}}</ref>

==Modern community==

===Population===
A report published by the [[Overseas Development Institute]] in 2002, describing the Rajus of Andhra as an ex-warrior caste, noted that along with the [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu]] and [[Velama (caste)|Velama]] they were
{{quote|...important communities with considerable political significance in the State, although in numerical terms they constitute only a small percentage of the population and spatially are confined only to small pockets.<ref>{{cite web |title=Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories |first=K. |last=Srinivasulu |page=3 |location=London |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |date=September 2002 |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp179.pdf |isbn=0-85003-612-7 |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>}}

{{As of|2002}} the Rajus constituted less than 1 per cent of the population in Andhra Pradesh, concentrated mainly in the [[Coastal Andhra|coastal region]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India |first=K. C. |last=Suri |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |location=London |date=September 2002 |page=10 |isbn=0-85003-613-5 |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp180.pdf |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Raju| ]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh]]