Rajput Rebellion (1708–1710) - Revision history

KARTIK: reworked section per standard format and added references

2026-03-15T07:05:08Z

reworked section per standard format and added references

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:35, 15 March 2026
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	{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2021}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2021}}

	{{Infobox military conflict		{{Infobox military conflict
	\| conflict = Rajput rebellion ~~1708—1710~~		\| partof = [[Mughal-Rajput Wars]] and [[Decline of the Mughal Empire]]
			\| conflict = Rajput rebellion 1708–1710
	\| image = The_rulers_of_Jodhpur,_Amber_and_Udaipur.jpg		\| image = The_rulers_of_Jodhpur,_Amber_and_Udaipur.jpg
	\| caption = A Mewari painting ~~showing~~ the alliance between ~~Maharaja~~ Ajit Singh, ~~Maharana~~ Amar Singh II, ~~Maharaja~~ Jai Singh II and ~~Veer~~ Durgadas Rathore.		\| caption = A Mewari painting depicts the alliance between [[Ajit Singh of Marwar]], [[Amar Singh II]], [[Jai Singh II]], and [[Durgadas Rathore]].
	\| date = 21 ~~April~~ 1708 – 11 ~~June~~ 1710		\| date = {{start and end dates\|1708\|4\|21\|1710\|6\|11\|df=yes}} {{nwr\|({{Age in years, months, weeks and days\|month1=04\|day1=21\|year1=1708\|month2=06\|day2=11\|year2=1710}})}}
	\| place = Rajputana (Modern day [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]] and [[Delhi NCR]])		\| place = Rajputana (Modern day [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]] and [[Delhi NCR]])
	\| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of Jodhpur.svg\|25px]] [[Jodhpur State\|Kingdom of Marwar]]<br>[[File:~~Drapeau~~ Jaipur.~~png~~\|25px]] [[Jaipur State\|Kingdom of Amber]]<br>'''Supported By'''<br>[[File:Mewar.svg\|25px]][[Udaipur State\|Kingdom of Mewar]]		\| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of Jodhpur.svg\|25px]] [[Jodhpur State\|Kingdom of Marwar]]<br>[[File:Flag of Jaipur.svg\|25px]] [[Jaipur State\|Kingdom of Amber]]<br>'''Supported By'''<br>[[File:Mewar.svg\|25px]][[Udaipur State\|Kingdom of Mewar]]
	\| combatant2 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg\|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]]		\| combatant2 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg\|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]]
	\| commander1 = [[Jai Singh II]]<br>[[Ajit Singh of Marwar~~\|Ajit Singh~~]]<br>[[Durgadas Rathore]]		\| commander1 = [[File:Flag of Jaipur.svg\|23px]] [[Jai Singh II]]<br>[[File:Flag of Jodhpur.png\|23px]] [[Ajit Singh of Marwar]]<br>[[File:Flag of Jodhpur.svg\|23px]] [[Durgadas Rathore]]<br>[[File:Mewar.svg\|23px]] [[Amar Singh II]]
	\| commander2 = [[Bahadur Shah I]]<br> [[Churaman~~]] [[Jatt~~]]<br>Azad Khan<br>Sayyid Hussain Barha{{KIA}}<br>Mir Khan<br>Muhammad Shah		\| commander2 = [[Bahadur Shah I]]<br> [[Churaman]]<br>Azad Khan<br>Sayyid Hussain Barha{{KIA}}<br>Mir Khan<br>Muhammad Shah
	\| strength1 =		\| strength1 =
	\| strength2 =		\| strength2 =
	\| casualties1 =		\| casualties1 =
	\| casualties2 =		\| casualties2 =
	\| result = Rajput ~~Victory.~~<ref name=RZ>{{Cite book\|first=Jadunath\|last=Sarkar\|title=A History of Jaipur: C.1503–1938\|publisher=Orient Blackswan\|year=1994\|pages=162\|isbn=9788125003335\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&q=bahadur+shah+was+absent}}</ref>		\| result = Rajput victory<ref name=RZ>{{Cite book\|first=Jadunath\|last=Sarkar\|title=A History of Jaipur: C.1503–1938\|publisher=Orient Blackswan\|year=1994\|pages=162\|isbn=9788125003335\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&q=bahadur+shah+was+absent}}</ref>
	*Mughal emperor sued for peace.<ref name=RZ/><ref name=KJ>{{Cite book\|first=Ramesh Chandra\|last=Majumdar\|title=The history and culture of the Indian People\|publisher=Bharatiya Vidhya Bhawan\|year=1977\|pages=140–141\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXtDAAAAYAAJ&q=1708+ajit+singh\|quote=}}</ref><ref name="HG" /><ref name=VP>{{Cite book\|first=Edward James\|last=Rapson\|title=Cambridge History of India\|publisher=MacMillan\|year=1937\|pages=322\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q3lDAAAAYAAJ&q=ajit+singh+1708\|quote=}}</ref>		*Mughal emperor sued for peace.<ref name=RZ/><ref name=KJ>{{Cite book\|first=Ramesh Chandra\|last=Majumdar\|title=The history and culture of the Indian People\|publisher=Bharatiya Vidhya Bhawan\|year=1977\|pages=140–141\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXtDAAAAYAAJ&q=1708+ajit+singh\|quote=}}</ref>
	*Restoration of the Rajput holdings which had been annexed by the previous Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.<ref name=RZ/><ref name=KJ~~/><ref name="HG" /><ref name=VP~~/>		*Restoration of the Rajput holdings which had been annexed by the previous Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.<ref name=RZ/><ref name=KJ/>
	}}		}}
			The '''Rajput rebellion''' began in 1708, due to the harsh treatment of the [[Rajput]] Rajas by the [[Mughal emperor]]. It erupted into a two-year rebellion that forced the Mughal emperor to sue for peace, give them gifts, and restore the Rajput holdings which had been annexed by the previous Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]].
	The '''Rajput rebellion''' began in 1708, due to the harsh treatment of the [[Rajput]] Rajas by the [[Mughal emperor]]. It erupted into a two-year rebellion that forced the Mughal emperor to sue for peace, give them gifts, and restore the Rajput holdings which had been annexed by the previous Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]].<ref name=RZ/><ref name=KJ/><ref name="HG">{{cite book\|first=O.P.\|last=Bhatia\|title=History of India, from 1701 to 1856\|publisher=Surjeet Book Depot\|year=1968\|pages=\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smdXAAAAMAAJ&q=Jai+Singh\|quote=They also won over Rana Amar Singh. Virtually the whole of Rajputana was up in arms to liberate their ancestral country from Mughal domination. By July, 1708, Ajit Singh was able to recapture [[Jodhpur]]. Jai Singh regained [[Amber, India\|Amber]].}}</ref><ref name=VP/>

	==Background==		==Background==
	After the death of [[Aurangzeb]], a battle for succession began amongst the Mughal princes. Jai Singh II was a teenager then and commanded a thousand troops under [[Bidar Bakht]]. On 8 June 1707, Bidar Bakht and his father [[Muhammad Azam Shah\|Azam Humayun]] were killed in battle. Jai Singh ~~was helpless and was forced to retreat with the battered army~~. Bahadur Shah after becoming the new emperor marched towards Rajputana where the Rathors under Durgadas had been fighting the Mughals for [[Rajput War (1679–1707)\|thirty years]]. Ajit Singh had taken [[Jodhpur]] after the death of Aurangzeb and ousted Mehrab Khan and the Mughal garrisons.<ref name=PD>{{Cite book\|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_DLQeSBLpUwsC\|pages=100–103\|quote=\|title=Rajasthan Through the Ages\|date=2008-01-01\|publisher=Sarup & Sons\|isbn=9788176258418\|language=en}}</ref><ref name=RZ/> During this campaign Bahadur Shah was suspicious of Jai Singh II as he had been a good friend of Bidar Bakht and fought Bahadur at Jajau. Jai Singh's younger brother Bijay Singh on the other side had been with Bahadur Shah for a longer period of time. Therefore, when Bahadur Shah stopped at [[Amber (state)\|Amber]] on 10 January 1708 on his way to Marwar, he made Bijay Singh the [[Raja]] of Amber and removed Jai Singh from his post and made him an ordinary Jagirdar. When Bahadur Shah reached close to Marwar, Ajit Singh started negotiations after seeing the size of the imperial army. On 24 March, Bahadur Shah was forced to march south due to his brother Kam Baksh's rebellion. The emperor forced Ajit Singh and Jai Singh II to march with him and empowered Bijay Singh by giving him the title of Mirza Raja. However Bijay Singh was powerless in Amber as Jai Singh's men had neutralized the Mughal authorities there. Bahadur Shah had thus repeated the Marwar scenario of Aurangzeb which had previously resulted to the thirty-year war with the Rathors. Ajit Singh and Jai Singh II fled from the Mughal camp when they got a chance at Mandleshwar on 21 April 1708, they met Maharana Amar Singh and made an alliance. Jai Singh II also married the Maharana's daughter.<ref name=PD/> The Rajput rebellion had thus begun.<ref name=RZ/>		After the death of [[Aurangzeb]], a battle for succession began amongst the Mughal princes. Jai Singh II was a teenager then and commanded a thousand troops under [[Bidar Bakht]]. On 8 June 1707, Bidar Bakht and his father [[Muhammad Azam Shah\|Azam Humayun]] were killed in battle and Jai Singh retreated. Bahadur Shah after becoming the new emperor marched towards Rajputana where the Rathors under Durgadas had been fighting the Mughals for [[Rajput War (1679–1707)\|thirty years]]. Ajit Singh had taken [[Jodhpur]] after the death of Aurangzeb and ousted Mehrab Khan and the Mughal garrisons.<ref name=PD>{{Cite book\|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_DLQeSBLpUwsC\|pages=100–103\|quote=\|title=Rajasthan Through the Ages\|date=2008-01-01\|publisher=Sarup & Sons\|isbn=9788176258418\|language=en}}</ref><ref name=RZ/> During this campaign Bahadur Shah was suspicious of Jai Singh II as he had been a good friend of Bidar Bakht and fought Bahadur at Jajau. Jai Singh's younger brother Bijay Singh on the other side had been with Bahadur Shah for a longer period of time. Therefore, when Bahadur Shah stopped at [[Amber (state)\|Amber]] on 10 January 1708 on his way to Marwar, he made Bijay Singh the [[Raja]] of Amber and removed Jai Singh from his post and made him an ordinary Jagirdar. When Bahadur Shah reached close to Marwar, Ajit Singh started negotiations after seeing the size of the imperial army. On 24 March, Bahadur Shah was forced to march south due to his brother Kam Baksh's rebellion. The emperor forced Ajit Singh and Jai Singh II to march with him and empowered Bijay Singh by giving him the title of Mirza Raja. However Bijay Singh was powerless in Amber as Jai Singh's men had neutralized the Mughal authorities there. Bahadur Shah had thus repeated the Marwar scenario of Aurangzeb which had previously resulted to the thirty-year war with the Rathors. Ajit Singh and Jai Singh II fled from the Mughal camp when they got a chance at Mandleshwar on 21 April 1708, they met Maharana Amar Singh and made an alliance. Jai Singh II also married the Maharana's daughter.<ref name=PD/> The Rajput rebellion had thus begun.<ref name=RZ/>

	==Rebellion==		==Rebellion==
	Bahadur Shah was forced to move south and could not come back till 12 June 1710. During this time, the Rajput ~~states~~ of [[Marwar]] and [[Amber (state)\|Amber]] united against the ~~Turks, against whom all of Rajputana had taken up arms~~. Jai Singh and Durgadas Rathore ~~were made~~ the ~~leaders~~ of ~~this~~ rebellion.<ref name=RZ/> The Mughal regent Asad Khan ~~tried his best~~ to ~~sue for~~ peace with the ~~Rajput Rajas~~ however it was ~~too late~~. Ajit Singh and Jai Singh had taken their capitals back from the Mughal Garrisons. Jodhpur was ~~captured~~ in July and Amber in October 1708.<ref name=PD/> Sayyid Hussain Barha and Churaman Jat were sent with a ~~big~~ force to retake Amber, however Barha was shot dead with his brothers and the Mughals were defeated. Three thousand Mughals were killed at Sambhar. Jai Singh in his letter to Chattrasal has written that "among the dead were all three [[Faujdar]]s".<ref name=RZ/> The Rajputs also took all the Mughal treasury of Sambhar and distributed it among the people.<ref name=KS>{{Cite book\|first=V.S.\|last=Bhatnagar\|title=Life and times of Sawai Jai Singh\|publisher=Impex India\|year=1974\|pages=62–63\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=plFuAAAAMAAJ\|quote=The Rajputs broke open the treasury and disbursed its contents among the people.....three thousand enemy soldiers, as Jai Singh wrote to Chattrasal Bundela on October 16, 1708 were killed in the bloody engagement.......The Rajputs had despatched their armies towards Rohtak, Delhi and Agra and had established ouposts at Rewari and Narnaul.}}</ref> When Bahadur Shah got to know of this defeat, he immediately tried to sue for peace by offering to restore Ajit Singh and Jai Singh to their thrones, however the Rajputs demanded the restoration of their lands that had been forcefully taken by Aurangzeb in 1679 and the expulsion of the Mughals from Rajputana. The Mughal Emperor was not ready to do this and the war continued. Mughal [[faujdar]]s were sent to pillage the farms and villages, although they met with resistance in every fort that they crossed. Mir Khan, the faujdar of Narnol had gathered 7,000 mughals and was joined by 6,000 Jats under Churaman. However, in January 1710 this army was effectively checked by [[Gaj Singh Naruka]] of Javli, who was loyal to Jai Singh. On 24 March 1710, Muhammad Shah, the governor of [[Tonk, India\|Tonk]] was defeated and forced to abandon his holdings.<ref name=RZ/> The Rajput Rajas had formed military outposts at Rewari and Narnaul, 45 miles from Delhi and sent their armies towards Delhi, Rohtaka and Agra to harass the Mughals. Jai Singh also ~~started sending~~ letters to the Bundelas, Sikhs and the Marathas in order to spread discontent in the country against the Mughals.<ref name=KS/>		Bahadur Shah was forced to move south and could not come back till 12 June 1710. During this time, the Rajput Kingdoms of [[Marwar]] and [[Amber (state)\|Amber]] united against the Mughals. Jai Singh II and Durgadas Rathore took up the cause of the rebellion.<ref name="RZ" /> The Mughal regent Asad Khan attempted to make peace with the Rajputs, however this was unsuccessful.

			Ajit Singh and Jai Singh II had taken their capitals back from the Mughal Garrisons. Jodhpur was recaptured in July and Amber in October 1708.<ref name="PD" /> Sayyid Hussain Barha and Churaman Jat were sent with a large force to retake Amber, however Barha was shot dead with his brothers and the Mughals were defeated.<ref name="RH">{{Cite book\|first=Rima\|last=Hooja\|title=Rajasthan, A concise history\|publisher=Rupa Publications\|year=2018\|pages=458–459\|isbn=978-81-291-5043-1 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfmEswEACAAJ&q=rajasthan+a+concise+history\|quote=Almost simultaneously, the triple alliance forces defeated the imperial army near the famous salt-lake town of Sambhar. Sambhar was occupied in October 1708. For several years thereafter, Marwar and Dhoondhar jointly ruled Sambhar. Around the same time, widespread resentment and rebellion across many parts of Rajasthan against the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah went a long way in forcing him to change his policy towards Jai singh and Ajit Singh. Individual imperial farmans, confirming them as rulers of their lands were issued in the early summer (May-June) of 1710. Some time afterwards, Emperor Bahadur Shah was prevailed upon to accept Jai Singh back at the court.}}</ref> Three thousand Mughals were killed at Sambhar. Jai Singh in his letter to Chattrasal has written that "among the dead were all three [[Faujdar]]s".<ref name="RZ" /> The Rajputs also took all the Mughal treasury of Sambhar and distributed it among the people.<ref name="KS">{{Cite book\|first=V.S.\|last=Bhatnagar\|title=Life and times of Sawai Jai Singh\|publisher=Impex India\|year=1974\|pages=62–63\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=plFuAAAAMAAJ\|quote=The Rajputs broke open the treasury and disbursed its contents among the people.....three thousand enemy soldiers, as Jai Singh wrote to Chattrasal Bundela on October 16, 1708 were killed in the bloody engagement.......The Rajputs had despatched their armies towards Rohtak, Delhi and Agra and had established ouposts at Rewari and Narnaul.}}</ref> When Bahadur Shah got to know of this defeat, he immediately tried to sue for peace by offering to restore Ajit Singh and Jai Singh to their thrones, however the Rajputs demanded the restoration of their lands that had been forcefully taken by Aurangzeb in 1679 and the expulsion of the Mughals from Rajputana. The Mughal Emperor was not ready to do this and the war continued.

			Mughal [[faujdar]]s were sent to pillage the farms and villages, although they met with resistance in every fort that they crossed. Mir Khan, the faujdar of Narnol had gathered 7,000 mughals and was joined by 6,000 Jats under Churaman. However, in January 1710 this army was effectively checked by Gaj Singh Naruka of Javli, who was loyal to Jai Singh. On 24 March 1710, Muhammad Shah, the governor of [[Tonk, India\|Tonk]] was defeated and forced to abandon his holdings.<ref name="RZ" /> The Rajput Rajas had formed military outposts at Rewari and Narnaul, 45 miles from Delhi and sent their armies towards Delhi, Rohtaka and Agra to harass the Mughals. Jai Singh II also sent letters to the Bundelas, [[Khalsa Fauj\|Sikhs]] and the [[Maratha Empire\|Marathas]] in order to spread discontent in the country against the Mughals.<ref name="KS" />

	==Aftermath==		==Aftermath==
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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	*[[~~Rajput War~~ (1679–1707)]]		*[[Rathore rebellion (1679–1707)]]
	*[[Mughal–Maratha Wars]]		*[[Mughal–Maratha Wars]]

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	[[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms]]		[[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms]]
	[[Category:~~History~~ of ~~Rajasthan~~]]		[[Category:Kingdom of Marwar]]
	[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]		[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]
			[[Category:Kingdom of Mewar]]
			{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajput Rebellion (1708-1710)}}

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{{Short description|Rajput Rebellion 1708–1710}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Rajput rebellion 1708—1710
| image = The_rulers_of_Jodhpur,_Amber_and_Udaipur.jpg
| caption = A Mewari painting showing the alliance between Maharaja Ajit Singh, Maharana Amar Singh II, Maharaja Jai Singh II and Veer Durgadas Rathore.
| date = 21 April 1708 – 11 June 1710
| place = Rajputana (Modern day [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]] and [[Delhi NCR]])
| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of Jodhpur.svg|25px]] [[Jodhpur State|Kingdom of Marwar]] [[File:Drapeau Jaipur.png|25px]] [[Jaipur State|Kingdom of Amber]] '''Supported By''' [[File:Mewar.svg|25px]][[Udaipur State|Kingdom of Mewar]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]]
| commander1 = [[Jai Singh II]] [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Ajit Singh]] [[Durgadas Rathore]]
| commander2 = [[Bahadur Shah I]] [[Churaman]] [[Jatt]] Azad Khan Sayyid Hussain Barha{{KIA}} Mir Khan Muhammad Shah
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| result = Rajput Victory.<ref name=RZ>{{Cite book|first=Jadunath|last=Sarkar|title=A History of Jaipur: C.1503–1938|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=1994|pages=162|isbn=9788125003335|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&q=bahadur+shah+was+absent}}</ref>
*Mughal emperor sued for peace.<ref name=RZ/><ref name=KJ>{{Cite book|first=Ramesh Chandra|last=Majumdar|title=The history and culture of the Indian People|publisher=Bharatiya Vidhya Bhawan|year=1977|pages=140–141|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXtDAAAAYAAJ&q=1708+ajit+singh|quote=}}</ref><ref name="HG" /><ref name=VP>{{Cite book|first=Edward James|last=Rapson|title=Cambridge History of India|publisher=MacMillan|year=1937|pages=322|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q3lDAAAAYAAJ&q=ajit+singh+1708|quote=}}</ref>
*Restoration of the Rajput holdings which had been annexed by the previous Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.<ref name=RZ/><ref name=KJ/><ref name="HG" /><ref name=VP/>
}}

The '''Rajput rebellion''' began in 1708, due to the harsh treatment of the [[Rajput]] Rajas by the [[Mughal emperor]]. It erupted into a two-year rebellion that forced the Mughal emperor to sue for peace, give them gifts, and restore the Rajput holdings which had been annexed by the previous Mughal emperor [[Aurangzeb]].<ref name=RZ/><ref name=KJ/><ref name="HG">{{cite book|first=O.P.|last=Bhatia|title=History of India, from 1701 to 1856|publisher=Surjeet Book Depot|year=1968|pages=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smdXAAAAMAAJ&q=Jai+Singh|quote=They also won over Rana Amar Singh. Virtually the whole of Rajputana was up in arms to liberate their ancestral country from Mughal domination. By July, 1708, Ajit Singh was able to recapture [[Jodhpur]]. Jai Singh regained [[Amber, India|Amber]].}}</ref><ref name=VP/>

==Background==
After the death of [[Aurangzeb]], a battle for succession began amongst the Mughal princes. Jai Singh II was a teenager then and commanded a thousand troops under [[Bidar Bakht]]. On 8 June 1707, Bidar Bakht and his father [[Muhammad Azam Shah|Azam Humayun]] were killed in battle. Jai Singh was helpless and was forced to retreat with the battered army. Bahadur Shah after becoming the new emperor marched towards Rajputana where the Rathors under Durgadas had been fighting the Mughals for [[Rajput War (1679–1707)|thirty years]]. Ajit Singh had taken [[Jodhpur]] after the death of Aurangzeb and ousted Mehrab Khan and the Mughal garrisons.<ref name=PD>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_DLQeSBLpUwsC|pages=100–103|quote=|title=Rajasthan Through the Ages|date=2008-01-01|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=9788176258418|language=en}}</ref><ref name=RZ/> During this campaign Bahadur Shah was suspicious of Jai Singh II as he had been a good friend of Bidar Bakht and fought Bahadur at Jajau. Jai Singh's younger brother Bijay Singh on the other side had been with Bahadur Shah for a longer period of time. Therefore, when Bahadur Shah stopped at [[Amber (state)|Amber]] on 10 January 1708 on his way to Marwar, he made Bijay Singh the [[Raja]] of Amber and removed Jai Singh from his post and made him an ordinary Jagirdar. When Bahadur Shah reached close to Marwar, Ajit Singh started negotiations after seeing the size of the imperial army. On 24 March, Bahadur Shah was forced to march south due to his brother Kam Baksh's rebellion. The emperor forced Ajit Singh and Jai Singh II to march with him and empowered Bijay Singh by giving him the title of Mirza Raja. However Bijay Singh was powerless in Amber as Jai Singh's men had neutralized the Mughal authorities there. Bahadur Shah had thus repeated the Marwar scenario of Aurangzeb which had previously resulted to the thirty-year war with the Rathors. Ajit Singh and Jai Singh II fled from the Mughal camp when they got a chance at Mandleshwar on 21 April 1708, they met Maharana Amar Singh and made an alliance. Jai Singh II also married the Maharana's daughter.<ref name=PD/> The Rajput rebellion had thus begun.<ref name=RZ/>

==Rebellion==
Bahadur Shah was forced to move south and could not come back till 12 June 1710. During this time, the Rajput states of [[Marwar]] and [[Amber (state)|Amber]] united against the Turks, against whom all of Rajputana had taken up arms. Jai Singh and Durgadas Rathore were made the leaders of this rebellion.<ref name=RZ/> The Mughal regent Asad Khan tried his best to sue for peace with the Rajput Rajas however it was too late. Ajit Singh and Jai Singh had taken their capitals back from the Mughal Garrisons. Jodhpur was captured in July and Amber in October 1708.<ref name=PD/> Sayyid Hussain Barha and Churaman Jat were sent with a big force to retake Amber, however Barha was shot dead with his brothers and the Mughals were defeated. Three thousand Mughals were killed at Sambhar. Jai Singh in his letter to Chattrasal has written that "among the dead were all three [[Faujdar]]s".<ref name=RZ/> The Rajputs also took all the Mughal treasury of Sambhar and distributed it among the people.<ref name=KS>{{Cite book|first=V.S.|last=Bhatnagar|title=Life and times of Sawai Jai Singh|publisher=Impex India|year=1974|pages=62–63|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=plFuAAAAMAAJ|quote=The Rajputs broke open the treasury and disbursed its contents among the people.....three thousand enemy soldiers, as Jai Singh wrote to Chattrasal Bundela on October 16, 1708 were killed in the bloody engagement.......The Rajputs had despatched their armies towards Rohtak, Delhi and Agra and had established ouposts at Rewari and Narnaul.}}</ref> When Bahadur Shah got to know of this defeat, he immediately tried to sue for peace by offering to restore Ajit Singh and Jai Singh to their thrones, however the Rajputs demanded the restoration of their lands that had been forcefully taken by Aurangzeb in 1679 and the expulsion of the Mughals from Rajputana. The Mughal Emperor was not ready to do this and the war continued. Mughal [[faujdar]]s were sent to pillage the farms and villages, although they met with resistance in every fort that they crossed. Mir Khan, the faujdar of Narnol had gathered 7,000 mughals and was joined by 6,000 Jats under Churaman. However, in January 1710 this army was effectively checked by [[Gaj Singh Naruka]] of Javli, who was loyal to Jai Singh. On 24 March 1710, Muhammad Shah, the governor of [[Tonk, India|Tonk]] was defeated and forced to abandon his holdings.<ref name=RZ/> The Rajput Rajas had formed military outposts at Rewari and Narnaul, 45 miles from Delhi and sent their armies towards Delhi, Rohtaka and Agra to harass the Mughals. Jai Singh also started sending letters to the Bundelas, Sikhs and the Marathas in order to spread discontent in the country against the Mughals.<ref name=KS/>

==Aftermath==
When Bahadur Shah returned, he had no choice but to negotiate with the Rajputs. Gifts and letters were sent to the two rebel Rajas in May 1710. The rise of [[Banda Singh Bahadur]] and death of [[Wazir Khan (Sirhind)|Wazir Khan]], [[faujdar]] of [[Sirhind-Fategarh|Sirhind]], further caused fear in the Mughal court and on 11 June 1710 Jai Singh and Ajit Singh were invited to the Mughal court and were given robes of honour, presents and governorships of [[Malwa]] and [[Gujarat]].<ref name=RZ/>

== See also ==
*[[Rajput War (1679–1707)]]
*[[Mughal–Maratha Wars]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms]]
[[Category:History of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]