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Demographics: Fixed languages

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rajnandgaon
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Chhattisgarh|District]] of [[Chhattisgarh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = Rajnandgaon in Chhattisgarh (India).svg
| map_caption = Location of Rajnandgaon in Chhattisgarh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Rajnandgaon
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = Durg
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Rajnandgaon]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 9
| area_total_km2 = 8,070
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,537,133
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban = 231,647
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 77.2 per cent
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 1023
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = 1
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 6
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2 = 1274 mm
| website = {{URL|http://rajnandgaon.nic.in/}}
| official_name =
| image_skyline = Arieal View from Maa Bamleshwari Devi Temple on a hilltop.JPG
| image_caption = View of [[Dongargarh]] from Maa Bamleshwari Devi Temple on a hilltop
}}

'''Rajnandgaon''' is a district of the state of [[Chhattisgarh]] in central [[India]]. The administrative headquarters the district is [[Rajnandgaon]] town.

==History==
{{See also|Nandgaon State|Khairagarh State}}
In ancient times Rajnandgaon, like the rest of the Chhattisgarh plain, was part of [[Dakshina Kosala]]. The region was part of the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] empire during [[Ashoka|Ashoka's]] time. Coins of the [[Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom|Indo-Sassanians]] have been found near Rajnandgaon dating from the 3rd century CE, implying the region had indirect contact with the rest of the world. In the 4th century CE, Dakshina Kosala was one of the regions which was subdued by [[Samudragupta|Samudra Gupta]] on his southern expedition. However it was unlikely the Guptas ever directly controlled this territory south of the Mahanadi, rather the local rulers acknowledged Gupta overlordship. Gupta coins have been found in Dakshina Kosala. Parts of the region were controlled by the [[Nala dynasty|Nalas]] of Bastar at times, while others areas were controlled by the [[Vakataka dynasty|Vakatakas]] for periods in the 5th century CE.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=District Gazetteer (Pages 1-40) {{!}} District DURG, Government of Chhattisgarh {{!}} India|url=https://durg.gov.in/document/district-gazetteer-pages-1-40/|access-date=2021-05-02|language=en-US}}</ref>

In the 6th century CE, the area was under the control of the [[Somavamshi dynasty|Somavamshis]]. In the 7th century however, the territory fell back into Nala hands.<ref name=":0" />

In the 10th century CE, the Somavamshis returned to power. They were soon overthrown by the [[Kalachuri dynasty|Kalachuris]], who claimed Haihaiya origin. In the 12th and 13th centuries CE, the southern part of the district fell into the control of chieftains from Kanker. The Kalachuris or Haihaiyavansis continued ruling the district until the 18th century CE. [[Khairagarh]] and the northern part of the district was ruled by the [[Gondi people|Raj Gonds]] of Garha-Mandla. After the struggle of Rani Durgavati, these rulers, as well as the Kalachuris of Raipur who ruled the southern part of the district, became vassals of the Mughals.<ref name=":0" />

In 1742, the Marathas under the Bhonsles of Napur invaded Chhattisgarh. The Maratha general, Bhaskar Pant, quickly overthrew the last king of the Haihaiyavansis and took over what is now Rajnandagaon district. In 1753, the Bhonsles of Nagpur confiscated all the territory that is now Chhattisgarh, and Raghoji gave the area to his son, Bimbaji, who ruled it virtually independently.<ref name=":0" />

The territory continued to be controlled by the Marathas until the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]], when it fell into British hands. In 1818, [[Dongargarh]] revolted against the British, but was quickly crushed. The British balanced the accounts of the Marathas and then returned the territory to Maratha hands. Until 1836 it was administered by a series of ''subadars'' obedient to the Nagpur state. In 1853, Nagpur was annexed by the British under the [[Doctrine of lapse|Doctrine of Lapse]] and Rajnandgaon fell under direct British administration under the [[Central Provinces and Berar]].<ref name=":0" />

In 1906, [[Thakur Pyarelal Singh]] promoted the Swadeshi movement in the district. Later he helped organize mill workers in Rajnandgaon in a successful 34-day strike after the passage of the [[Rowlatt Act]]. For this he was punished by the authorities of Rajnandgaon state, but later wrote to the British agent to get the order cancelled. The people of the princely states participated in all the major events of the Independence movement, including the Civil Disobedience Movement that saw the British officials pass orders to quell the movement. In 1939, the people of Rajnandgaon state launched a Forest Satyagraha, in which the police fired on protestors, killing one.<ref name=":0" />

The Rajnandgaon remained a Princely State in independent India. In 1948, the princely state and the capital city Rajnandgaon was merged into the [[Durg District]] of Madhya Bharat, later [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Rajnandgaon district was carved out from the erstwhile Durg district on 26 January 1973. Later, [[Kabirdham district]] was carved out from this district on 1 July 1998.<ref name="rjnsite">[http://rajnandgaon.nic.in/|title= Official website of Rajnandgaon District]</ref>

It is a part of the [[Red Corridor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |title=83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme |publisher=IntelliBriefs |date= 2009-12-11 |access-date=2011-09-17}}</ref>

The collector of Rajnandgaon is Shri Jaiprakash Maurya.<ref name="rjnsite"/>

==Geography==
The district covers an area of 8222 km<sup>2</sup>. The district borders [[Kabirdham district]] in the north, [[Bemetara district|Bemetara]], [[Durg district|Durg]] and [[Balod district|Balod]] districts in the east, [[Kanker district]] in the south, [[Balaghat district]] of Madhya Pradesh and [[Gondia district|Gondia]] and [[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]] districts of [[Maharashtra]] in the west.

Most of the district is in the Chhattisgarh plain. This plain comprises two watersheds: that of the [[Wainganga River|Wainganga]] in the west, and that of the [[Mahanadi]] in the east. The [[Shivnath River|Shivnath]], main tributary of the Mahanadi, has its source in the district, and flows through the central plain into Durg district. In the northwest, bordering Balaghat and Kabirdham districts, is the [[Maikal Hills]], the eastern extension of the [[Satpura Range|Satpuras]]. In the far south is the northernmost extension of the Bastar Plateau. Both the hills and plateau are sparsely populated with a majority-tribal population and retain thick forest cover, which has generally been lost in the rest of the district.<ref name="rjnsite" />

== Demographics ==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Rajnandgaon district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,537,133,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Gabon]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Gabon 1,576,665
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30| quote =Hawaii 1,360,301
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 325th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 191 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.82%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Rajnandgaon has a [[sex ratio]] of 1017 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 76.97%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 10.19% and 26.36% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

The main Scheduled Castes are [[Chamar]] and [[Mahar]], which make up 91% of the Scheduled Castes population. The main Scheduled Tribes are the [[Gondi people|Gonds]], other major tribes are the [[Kanwar (tribe)|Kawar]] and [[Halba (tribe)|Halba]]. These three tribes make up 97% of the total Scheduled Tribes population.

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Rajnandgaon district, 2011 census
|label1 = [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] |value1 = 84.58 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 9.27 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Gondi language|Gondi]] |value3 = 2.86 |color3 = teal
|label4 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value4 = 1.64 |color4 = lightgreen
|label5 = Others |value5 = 1.65 |color5 = grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 84.58% of the population in the district spoke [[Chhattisgarhi]], 9.27% [[Hindi]], 2.86% [[Gondi language|Gondi]] and 1.64% [[Marathi language|Marathi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>
== Tourist destinations ==
{{See also|Bambleshwari Temple|Barfani dham}}
A tehsil headquarters, Dongargarh, is the main tourist as well as pilgrimage site of the district. The famous [[Bambleshwari Temple|temple of Goddess Bamleshwari]], on a hilltop of {{convert|1600|ft|m}} in the town of Dongargarh, is referred to as Badi Bamleshwari.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rajnandgaon.gov.in/tourism.htm|title=Official Website of District Rajnandgaon tourism}}</ref> Another temple, at ground level, is situated about 1/2 km from the main temple complex. This temple is known as Chhoti Bamleshwari. Many hundreds of thousands of people from in and around Chhattisgarh flock to the shrine during the navratris of Kavar (during [[Navrati|Dussera]]) and Chaitra (during Ramnavmi). During these navratris, melas (fairs) which run 24 hours are organised in the premises of the temple.

Another site of interest is the ancient place of Mata [[Sheetala]] Devi Shakti Peetha. This temple, which dates from 2200 years ago, lies 1.5 km from the railway station. The Mandir Trust has organised the Mela of Maa Bamleshwari and a lot of devotees visit during Mela period. Chotti mata mandir reconstruction in famous pink sandstone and marble stone. [[Pragyagiri]], a famous Buddhist [[Vihara]] is another attraction of this district. [[Barfani dham]] at Rajnandgaon town is another place of pilgrims widely visited. Other places are: Ambagarh Chowki, Ambagarh Devi Mandir, Mongara Dem, Sankar Dahara Tipagarh Pahadi.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category | Rajnandgaon district}}
* [https://rajnandgaon.nic.in/ Official website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Rajnandgaon district
|North = [[Kabirdham district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Durg district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Kanker district]]
|Southwest = [[Gadchiroli district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|West = [[Gondiya district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|Northwest = [[Balaghat district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
}}

{{Rajnandgaon district}}
{{Districts of Chhattisgarh}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|21|06|N|81|02|E|source:itwiki_type:adm3rd|display=title}}

[[Category:Rajnandgaon district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:1973 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1973]]

Rajnandgaon district - Revision history

DwainKilgore21: brief enhanced layout for accuracy and fixed typos

imported>C1MM: /* Demographics */ Fixed languages