imported>CAPTAIN RAJU: clean up, typo(s) fixed: Chattisgarh → Chhattisgarh, ’s → 's

2021-01-01T10:50:54Z

clean up, typo(s) fixed: Chattisgarh → Chhattisgarh, ’s → 's

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{{Infobox mine
| name = Rajhara Area
| image =
| width =
| caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label = Rajhara Area
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| coordinates = {{coord|24.1621|N|84.0442|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| place = [[Daltonganj Coalfield]], [[North Karanpura Coalfield]]
| owner = [[Central Coalfields|Central Coalfields Limited]]
| official website ={{URL|centralcoalfields.in/cmpny/hstry.php}}
| acquisition year =
| stock_exchange =
| stock_code =
| products =
| financial year =
| amount =
| closing year =
}}
'''Rajhara Area''' is one of the operational areas of the [[Central Coalfields|Central Coalfields Limited]] located in the [[Palamu district|Palamu]] and [[Latehar district|Latehar]] districts in the state of [[Jharkhand]], India.

The projects of the Rajhara Area are: Rajhara opencast project, Tetariakhar opencast project.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/rjhra.php| title= Central Coalfields Limited| work= Areas – Rajhara |publisher= CCL| accessdate = 27 December 2020}}</ref>

==Mining activity==
===Mines and projects===
Rajhara opencast mine is located in [[Daltonganj Coalfield]], in [[Palamu district]]. It is 4 km from Kajri railway station on the [[Barkakana-Son Nagar line]]. Coal will be mined from 3 coal seams: Rajhara Top Seam with extractable reserve of 1.721 million tonnes, Rajhara Middle Seam with extractable reserve of 0.749 million tonnes and Rajhara Bottom Seam with extractable reserve of 13.139 million tonnes. The mine has a capacity of 0.75 million tonnes per year.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://coal.nic.in/sites/upload_files/coal/files/curentnotices/Mine_Summary_32_Rajhara_North.pdf |title = Rajhara North Block Summary |publisher= Ministry of Coal | accessdate = 27 December 2020}}</ref>

Rajhara mine was started in 1842 by Bengal Coal Company, making it one of the oldest mines in the country. The ownership of mine was transferred to Ram Sharan Das and Brothers in 1969 and subsequently, the mine was nationalised in 1973. It was initially worked by underground method but after nationalisation it was converted to an opencast mine to recover good quality reserves of coal. The mine is situated close to Sadabah River, a tributary of North Koel River. The mine was closed in October 2010 to avoid possibility of being flooded. Additionally, there were issues related to environmental clearance. With several corrective and precautionary measures for the safety of the mine, its environmental clearance was issued on 14 February 2019. The mine was reopened in the presence of V.D.Ram, Member of Parliament and Gopal Singh, CMD, Central Coalfields Limited, on 25 February 2019.

Tetariakhar expansion open cast project (0.5 to 2.0 million tonnes per year normative and 2.5 mty peak) is located in the [[North Karanpura Coalfield]] in [[Latehar district]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Form-1A/EC/0_0_14_May_2013_1804273101ECtetriakhar.pdf|title = Environmental Clearance |publisher= Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India| accessdate = 27 December 2020}}</ref>

==Opposition to expansion of projects==
According to a Press Trust of India report, human rights group [[Amnesty International]] has claimed that "abusive laws and the poor enforcement of safeguards" at coal mines is leading tribal communities to oppose expansion of these blocks. [[Coal India]], accounts for over 80% of the India's coal production and is aiming at producing a billion tonnes annually. The Ministry of Coal opines, "We strongly object to the baseless canards being spread, which are part of a conspiracy to derail the development and progress of India and efforts to provide livelihood for people deprived of fruits of development.” Amnesty International cites, as examples, three mines – Tetariakhar mine of [[Central Coalfields|CCL]] in Jharkhand, Kusmunda mine of [[South Eastern Coalfields|SECL]] in Chhattisgarh and Basundhara West mine of [[Mahanadi Coalfields|MCL]] in Odisha.<ref name=amnesty>{{cite web| url = http://www.minesandcommunities.org/article.php?a=13462 |title = Coal Mining and Violation of Adivasi Rights in India |publisher= MAC, Mines and Communities, 13 July 2016 | accessdate = 27 December 2020}}</ref>

The report says that in the three mines cited above, land was acquired without directly informing the affected families or consulting them about their rehabilitation and resettlement. Quite often the official notice is published only in the [[government gazette]]. Land acquisition for CIL mines is carried out under Coal Bearing Areas (Acquisition and Development) (CBA) Act, which does not require authorities to consult affected communities, or seek prior and informed consent of Indigenous people, as stipulated by international law, it said. A new land acquisition law enacted in 2014 specifically exempts acquisition under the CBA Act from seeking the consent of affected families or carrying out social impact assessments, it added.<ref name=amnesty/>

See also – [https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ASA2043922016ENGLISH.PDF When land is lost do we eat coal? - Amnesty Internaional handout]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Operational Areas of CCL}}

[[Category:Coal mining operational areas in Jharkhand]]

Rajhara Area - Revision history

imported>CAPTAIN RAJU: clean up, typo(s) fixed: Chattisgarh → Chhattisgarh, ’s → 's