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{{Short description|Indian linguist (born 1929)}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Rajaram Jain
| image = Rajaram Jain-2024.jpg
| caption = Rajaram Jain in 2024
| birth_date = {{bda|1 February 1929|df=y}}

| occupation = Author, Linguist and Scholar
| language = [[Prakrit]], [[Apabramsha]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindi]]
| awards = {{ubl|
|- [[Padma Shri]] (2024)
|- [https://www.education.gov.in/language-education-6/ Presidential Award of Certificate of Honour] (2000)||}}
| honorific_prefix = Professor
| birth_place = [[Malthone]], [[Central Provinces and Berar]], [[British India]]
| nationality = Indian
| spouse = Prof. Dr. Vidyawati Jain
| children = 4
}}
'''Rajaram Jain''' (born 1 February 1929) is an [[Indologist]], [[philologist]], author and a scholar of [[Prakrit]], [[Apabhramsha]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindi]] and [[Shauraseni Prakrit]] languages. He is known for his critical studies and Hindi translations of rare, unpublished manuscripts, particularly the work of the 14th -15th century poet [[Raidhu]]. Jain's work has contributed to the understanding of [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] literature. In 2024, the [[Government of India]] honoured Rajaram Jain with the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian honour.<ref>{{cite news |author=Press Information Bureau |date=2024-01-25 |title=Padma Awards 2024 announced |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/PadmaAwards2024_01252024.pdf |work=Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India |access-date=2024-06-19 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bajpai |first=Vivek |date=2024-01-27 |title=12 personalities who have brought glory to Uttar Pradesh will be honoured |url=https://batenupki.com/news/aaj-ka-up/12-personalities-who-have-brought-glory-to-up-will-be-honoured-0002771 |access-date=2024-06-20 |work=Baten UP Ki}}</ref>

==Early life==
Rajaram Jain<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sinha |first=Meenakshi |date=2024-01-29 |title=95-yr-old gets Padma Shri for research on ancient scripts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/95-yr-old-gets-padma-shri-for-research-on-ancient-scripts/articleshow/107214346.cms |access-date=2024-06-19 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> was born on February 1, 1929, in [[Malthon]], [[Sagar District|Sagar]] district, [[Bundelkhand]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. Despite economic challenges and the early loss of his parents, he completed his education. He graduated from [[Banaras Hindu University]] in 1951, earned a Master's degree in Hindi literature in 1954, and later obtained an Acharya degree in Sanskrit.

== Personal life ==
[[Image:Rajaram Jain with his wife Vidyawati Jain.jpg|thumb|right|Rajaram Jain with his wife, Vidyawati Jain in 2018]]

In 1955, Rajaram Jain married Vidyawati Jain, who was 18 and had a 9th-grade education. Despite her traditional upbringing that limited women's education, she resumed her studies after marriage, eventually earning two M.A. degrees (Hindi and Prakrit with a Gold medal), a Ph.D., and a D.Litt. Rajaram Jain supported her academic and literary pursuits.

==Career==
In 1961, he joined the Sanskrit and Prakrit Department at H.D. Jain College, [[Magadh University]], [[Arrah]], [[Bihar]], and later served as Head of the Department. In 1967, he earned his Ph.D. with a critical study of 22 rare unpublished Apabhramsha epics by the poet [[Raidhu]], titled "Raidhu Sahitya ka Alochanatmaka Parishilana"<ref>Granoff, Phyllis (2006). "Mountains of Eternity: Raidhū and the Colossal Jinas of Gwalior". P.2, 3, 20 [https://web.archive.org/web/20140422145713/http://www.fupress.net/index.php/rss/article/viewFile/2455/2290]</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jaina |first=Rājārāma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5TIGhiobUrEC |title=Raidhū sāhitya kā ālocanātmaka-pariśīlana |date=1974 |publisher=Prākr̥ta, Jainaśāstra, aura Ahiṃsā Śodha-Saṃsthāna |language=hindi}}</ref><ref name=":1">CLERCQ, EVA DE (2010). [https://www.academia.edu/5329792/ON_JAINA_APABHRA%E1%B9%82%C5%9AA_PRA%C5%9AASTIS ON JAINA APABHRAṂŚA PRAŚASTIS] P. 6, 7</ref> which gained academic recognition.
As Hon. Director of [[Jain Siddhant Bhawan|D. K. Jain Oriental Research Institute]] Ara, Bihar (1979–2003), he carried out extensive research and edited/published the research magazine 'JAINA ANTIQUARY'.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1999 |title=Jaina Antiquary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-YjXAAAAMAAJ |journal=Devkumar Jain Oriental Research Institute}}</ref> He also managed a collection of over 7,000 rare manuscripts from around the world.

In 1991, he became the Director of Shri Kundkund Bharati Prakrit Shodh Sansthan, New Delhi, where he edited and published the research magazine series PRAKRIT VIDYA'.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2001 |title=Prakrit Vidya |url=https://jainqq.org/explore/003215/3 |journal=Kundkund Bharti Trust}}</ref> He is currently an associate member of the Centre of Jaina Studies, University of London,<ref>{{Cite journal |date=April 2023 |title=CoJS Newsletter |journal=SOAS, University of London |issue=18 |pages=2}}</ref> and formerly served as the President of Shri Ganesh Varni Sansthan, Varanasi.he 1940s.

==Academic Recognition==
[[Image:Prof. Rajaram Jain received The Insitut de France's 2018 Colette Caillat Prize for his book Sirival Cariu.jpg|thumb|left|Rajaram Jain receiving The [[Institut de France]]'s Prize for 'Sirival Cariu' in 2018]]
[[Image: Itihas Ratna award 2.jpg|thumb|left|The Vice President, [[B. D. Jatti]] presenting 'Jain Itihas Ratna' to Rajaram Jain in 1974
]]
In 2018, Rajaram Jain received the prestigious 'Colette Caillat Foundation Award<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://aibl.fr/prix-et-fondations-presentation/palmares-2018/|title=Palmarès 2018}}</ref>' from the [[Institut de France]], Paris, for his book 'Sirival Chariu',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Rajaram |date=2018 |title=Institut de France's Colette Caillat Award for Sirival Cariu Pg4 |url=https://aibl.fr/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/LI-172.pdf |website=ACADÉMIE DES INSCRIPTIONS ET BELLES-LETTRES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=Dec 2024 |title=Raja Ram Jain Sirival Cariu Pg1 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_2018_num_162_4_96647?q=Siriv%C4%81lacariu |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=PARCOURIR LES COLLECTIONS}}</ref> a critical edition and Hindi translation of the 15th-century [[Apabhraṃśa|Apabhramsha]] epic by poet [[Raidhu]], highlighting India's trade relations with foreign countries. In 1974, he was honored with the 'Jain Itihas Ratna' award from the Vice-President of India [[B. D. Jatti|B.D.Jatti]] for his book 'Vaddhamanacariu<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Rajaram |date=2010 |title=Vaḍḍhamaṇacariu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nDYtAQAAIAAJ&q=Vad%CC%A3d%CC%A3haman%CC%A3acariu |access-date=16 June 2024 |website=Google Books}}</ref>', a significant 12th-century literary and cultural masterpiece. Jain's scholarly pursuits include 'Jony Pahud', a rare deciphering of a 1st-Cen. Prakrit manuscript revealing medico-tantric insights. Additionally, his collaborative work Pasnaha Cariu<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Rajaram |title=Pāsaṇāhacariu |publisher=Bhartiya jnanpith |year=2006 |isbn=9788126312009}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> delves into 12th-century manuscripts, providing the first reference to [[Delhi]] as Dhilli and detailing the reign of Tribhuvanpati Tomar, shedding light on Delhi's pre-Sultanate history with critical editions and Hindi translations enriched by exhaustive research and analysis.

== Awards, Honours and Recognitions ==
Rajaram Jain has been honored with awards for his contributions to literature, including:

=== Civilian honours ===

* 2024 - [[Padma Shri]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2024 |title=The Gazette of India, Padma awards, Pg 9 |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/padmaaward_09052024.pdf |website=Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=CNBCTV18 |date=26 January 2024 |title=Padma awards 2024: Here's the full list of 132 awardees |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/padma-awards-2024-here-is-the-full-list-of-132-awardees-padma-vibhushan-padma-bhushan-padma-shri-18897961.htm |access-date=23 June 2024 |work=CNBC TV18}}</ref> award from the [[Government of India]] in Literature & Education

===National honours===
[[Image:The President of India, K. R. Narayanan presenting a citation to Professor Raja Ram Jain at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.jpg |thumb|right|Rajaram Jain receiving 'Presidential Award of Certificate of Honour'<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Presidential Award of Certificate |url=https://www.education.gov.in/language-education-6}}</ref> from [[K. R. Narayanan]], the [[President of India]], in 2000 ]]

* 2000 - Presidential Award of Certificate of Honour<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2001 |title=President's award for Rajaram Jain P1 |url=https://www.jainsamaj.org/uploads/pdf/ahimsa_times_February_2001.pdf |website=Jain Ahimsa Times}}</ref> from the [[Government of India]]
* 1974 - Jain Itihas Ratna<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Dr. Raja Ram Jain |url=https://encyclopediaofjainism.com/dr-raja-ram-jain/#:~:text=In%20recognition%20of%20his%20meritorius,2500%2F%2D%20in%201974}}</ref> by the Vice-President of India [[B. D. Jatti|B.D.Jatti]]
* 2005 - D.Litt. (Honoris Causa) from Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University<ref>{{cite web | url=https://slbsrsv.ac.in/academic/convocation?tid=2456 | title=Convocation | Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University }}</ref>
* 2019 - Honored with a FESTSCHRIFT titled: 'Prakrit Purush'; a memoirs containing articles, essays (ISBN 81-86957-54-5)
* 2024 - 'Atal Sahitya Shikhar Samman' <ref name="AtalAward2024">Shibra Arshad (December 25, 2024). "Atal Samman Samaroh Honors Excellence Across Fields on Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s Birth Anniversary". Bharat Express. [https://english.bharatexpress.com/india/atal-samman-samaroh-honors-excellence-across-fields-on-atal-bihari-vajpayees-birth-anniversary-183766]</ref>

===International honours===

* 2018 - Colette Caillat Foundation Award<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2018 |title=Institut de France's award to Rajaram Jain for book Sirival Cariu P.4 |url=https://aibl.fr/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/LI-172.pdf |website=ACADÉMIE DES INSCRIPTIONS ET BELLES-LETTRES}}</ref> from Institut de France, Paris
* 2007 - Prakrit Jnanabharati International Award<ref>{{Cite journal |date=April 2023 |title=CoJS Newsletter |journal=SOAS, University of London |issue=18 |pages=33}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Maramkal |first=MB |date=2010 |title=Justice Ajith Kabbin presented International Award |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/justice-ajith-kabbin-chairman-karnataka-administrative-tribunal-presengted-international-award-and-rs-1-51-lakh-cheque-to-rajaram-jain-of-noida-nalini-balbir-from-university-of-paris-and-prof-adelheid-mette-from-germany-for-their-achievements-in-the-field-of-prakrit-language-at-an-international-seminar-organised-at-shravanabelagola-sri-charukeerthy-bhattaraka-swamiji-urged-the-chief-minister-to-hlep-the-mutt-to-organize-an-international-conference-on-prakrit-here-in-november-2011-/articleshow/6748976.cms |access-date=23 June 2024 |work=The Times of India}} </ref>
* 1997 - Ahimsa International Award<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahimsa Foundation, India |url=https://www.jainsamaj.org/content.php?url=Ahimsa_International_-_New_Delhi |website=www.jainsamaj.org}}</ref>

==Publications==
Rajaram Jain has authored 40 books and over 250 articles on various aspects of Ancient and medieval life. His works include critical editions, annotated translations and commentaries on rare, unpublished manuscripts:

===Critical Edition and Translation of Poet Raidhu's work===
A partial list of published works on Raidhu includes:

* Raidhu Sahitya ka Alochanatmaka-Parishilana<ref name=":0" /> (1974); 824 Pages; Prakrta Jaina Shashtra Aur Ahimsa Shodha Sansthan, Vaishali, Bihar
* Siddhantatthasaro (2021); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-90659-57-9}}
* Jimandhar Jin Chariu (2021); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-90659-56-2}}
* Appa-Samvohkavva (2021); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-86402-64-6}}
* Risahputta-Bharah-Bahubali-Chariu (2021): Published in 2020; Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-87919-87-7}}
* Mehesar Chariu (2019); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-87919-23-5}}
* Sirival Chariu (2017); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-263-5592-6}}
* Riṭthaṇemi Chariu (2016); Meenakshi Prakashan, Meerut
* Siri Ram Chariu (2011); Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology & Ahimsa in Vaishali, Bihar {{ISBN|978-93-81403-05-1}}
* Sanmati Charit (2010); Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology & Ahimsa in Vaishali, Bihar; {{ISBN|978-81-904865-9-0}}
* Jambu-Sami Chariu (2008); Om Kothari Foundation, New Delhi
* Vittasaro (2006); Vidya Bhushan Charitable Trust, New Delhi
* Puṇyāsrava-kathā (2000); Śrī Digambara Jaina Sāhitya-Saṃskr̥ti Saṃrakshaṇa Samiti, Delhi
* Bhadrabāhu-Cāṇakya-Candragupta-kathānaka evaṃ Rājā Kalki-varṇana (1982); Sri Ganesha Varni Di. Jaina Samsthana, Varanasi
* Raidhu Granthavali Vol1<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiQhAAAAMAAJ&q=%22rajaram%20jain%22 | title=Raidhū-granthāvalī: Pāsaṇāhacariu, Dhaṇṇakumāracariu, Sukosalacariu | date=1975 | publisher=Jaina-Saṃskr̥ti-Saṃrakshaka-saṅgha }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=DE CLERCQ |first=EVA |date=2010 |title=ON JAINA APABHRAṂŚA PRAŚASTIS, Ref. Raidhu Granthavali P100 |url=https://www.academia.edu/5329792 |website=Academia}}</ref>(1975) Sholapur Jaina Samskrti Samraksaka Samgha - Pasnah Chariu - Sukosala Chariu - Dhannakumar Chariu
* Raidhu Granthavali<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bajpai |first=K.D. |date=2006 |title=History of Gopāchala, Ref. Raidhu Granthavali P100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3KcwLKuRnYC&dq=%22rajaram+jain%22&pg=PA29 |publisher=Bharatiya Jnanpith |isbn=978-81-263-1155-2 }}</ref> Vol 2 (1988); Sholapur Jaina Samskrti Samraksaka Samgha - Sammai-Jina-chariu

=== Other Works ===

* Jony-Pahuda (2018); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-93-87919-23-5}}
* Pasanaha Chariu<ref name=":2" /> (2006); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; {{ISBN|978-81-263-1200-9}}
* Vaddhmanchariu (1975); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi
* Prākr̥ta-bhāshā evaṃ śramaṇa-saṃskr̥ti kī vyāpakatā (2019); Prakrit Bharti Academy, Jaipur
* Bhavishya Datta Kavya (2015); Sri Bharatavarsiya Digambara Jaina Mahasabha, New Delhi
* Jain Literature -The Incredible Treasure of Ancient Knowledge and Science (2015); Prachya Shraman Bharti, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.)
* Contribution of Prakrit & Jain Literature to Indian Orientology– An Overview (2010); Jain Anushilana Kendra, Jaipur, Rajasthan
* Shauseni Prakrit Bhasha Evum Uske Sahitya ka sankshipta Itihaas (2010); Jain Anushilana Kendra, Jaipur, Rajasthan
* Jaina Manuscripts and Inscriptions-An Overview (2007); Sri Ganesha Varni Di. Jaina Samsthana, Varanasi; {{ISBN|978-81-86957-48-6}}
* Ahimsa Evam Paryaavaran Sanrakshan Siddhaanton Ka Akshay Shrot (2007); Mr. Mohanlal Chandravati Jain Charitable Trust, Delhi
* Mahameru Acharya Kundakunda, an East Indian Knowledge-Science (Kannada) (2006); NIPSAR, Mysore, Karnataka
* Shaurseni Prakrit & its Literature (2002); Govt. of India Registration No. 48869/89
* Prachya Bhartiya Gyan-Vigyan ke Mahameru Acharya Kundkund (1989); Prachyabharati Prakashan, Ara, Bihar
* Hindi Ke Prasiddha Lokkavi (1988); Dilli Siksha Bharati
* Contribution of Jaina Literature to the Development of Indian Culture Vol. 1 (1982); Krishna Nagar Jaina Samaj, Delhi. Author: Nemichand Shastri, Ed: Rajaram Jain, Devendra Kr. Shastri
* Contribution of Jaina Literature to the Development of Indian Culture Vol. 2 (1982); Krishna Nagar Jaina Samaj, Delhi. Author: Nemichand Shastri, Ed: Rajaram Jain, Devendra Kr. Shastri
* Shraman-sahitya men varnit Bihar ki kuchh jain tirthabhumiyan (1975); Bhagavan Mahavir, Gaya, Bihar

== References ==
<references />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:Indian philologists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

Rajaram Jain - Revision history

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