Rajan case - Revision history

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further correct layout

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	The 1988 [[Malayalam film]] ''[[Piravi]]'' directed by [[Shaji N. Karun]] has its plotline adopted from this incident. The 2013 [[Malayalam film]] ''[[Idukki Gold (film)\|Idukki Gold]]'' references the case. Raman, one of the protagonists, throws ink at the Kerala Home Minister in protest against the Rajan case not being resolved. Malayalam movie ''Sahapaadi'' (1975), also touches the issue.		The 1988 [[Malayalam film]] ''[[Piravi]]'' directed by [[Shaji N. Karun]] has its plotline adopted from this incident. The 2013 [[Malayalam film]] ''[[Idukki Gold (film)\|Idukki Gold]]'' references the case. Raman, one of the protagonists, throws ink at the Kerala Home Minister in protest against the Rajan case not being resolved. Malayalam movie ''Sahapaadi'' (1975), also touches the issue.
	~~[[File:Ormakal zindabad poster.jpg\|thumb]]~~

	In 1977, the All Kerala Rajan Memorial Music Competition was started at the [[National Institute of Technology Calicut]] (then known as REC Calicut) to commemorate Rajan's life. Every year since 1987, the Institute conducts their annual cultural festival [[Ragam (festival)\|Ragam]] in memory of Rajan.<ref name="ina2020">{{cite news \|last1=Special \|first1=Correspondant \|title=Ragam fest inaugurated at NIT-C \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/ragam-fest-inaugurated-at-nit-c/article30528554.ece \|publisher=thehindu.com \|date=10 Jan 2020}}</ref> In 2006, Ragam festival started with an audio message delivered by Rajan's father [[T. V. Eachara Warrier\|Eachara Warrier]].<ref name="Ragam06">{{cite news \|author=Staff Reporter \|title=Colourful start to Ragam \|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/23/stories/2006022307230300.htm \|publisher=hindu.com\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060303190509/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/23/stories/2006022307230300.htm \|archive-date=3 March 2006 }}</ref>		In 1977, the All Kerala Rajan Memorial Music Competition was started at the [[National Institute of Technology Calicut]] (then known as REC Calicut) to commemorate Rajan's life. Every year since 1987, the Institute conducts their annual cultural festival [[Ragam (festival)\|Ragam]] in memory of Rajan.<ref name="ina2020">{{cite news \|last1=Special \|first1=Correspondant \|title=Ragam fest inaugurated at NIT-C \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/ragam-fest-inaugurated-at-nit-c/article30528554.ece \|publisher=thehindu.com \|date=10 Jan 2020}}</ref> In 2006, Ragam festival started with an audio message delivered by Rajan's father [[T. V. Eachara Warrier\|Eachara Warrier]].<ref name="Ragam06">{{cite news \|author=Staff Reporter \|title=Colourful start to Ragam \|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/23/stories/2006022307230300.htm \|publisher=hindu.com\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060303190509/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/23/stories/2006022307230300.htm \|archive-date=3 March 2006 }}</ref>

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	== Background ==		== Background ==
	During [[The Emergency (India)\|the nationwide Emergency in India]] between 1975 and 1977, [[Fundamental Rights in India\|Fundamental Rights]] of the citizen were suspended by the government, creating a period of police activism.<ref name="rediff2000jun26" /> In Kerala, the [[Naxalite\|Naxal]] movement was at its peak during this period. Major operations of Naxals in Kerala were attacks on police stations in rural areas. The police acted with vengeance upon the Naxalites and used the word Naxal to address those upon whom they had vengeance.		During [[The Emergency (India)\|the nationwide Emergency in India]] between 1975 and 1977, [[Fundamental Rights in India\|Fundamental Rights]] of the citizen were suspended by the government, creating a period of police activism.<ref name="rediff2000jun26" /> In Kerala, the [[Naxalite\|Naxal]] movement was at its peak during this period. Major operations of Naxals in Kerala were attacks on police stations in rural areas. The police acted with vengeance upon the Naxalites and used the word Naxal to address those upon whom they had vengeance.{{citation needed\|date=November 2021}}

	== Incident ==		== Incident ==
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	== In popular culture ==		== In popular culture ==

			The 2018 Malayalam movie [http://imdb.com/title/tt8035316/ Kaattu Vithachavar] directed by [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1842548/#director Satheesh Paul] presents investigation by a police team to disappearance of Rajan. The movie acted by [[Prakash Bare]], [[Tini Tom]] [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4279762/ Jayaprakash Kuloor] provides a factual review of events, though the names of characters have been slightly changed.

	The 1988 [[Malayalam film]] ''[[Piravi]]'' directed by [[Shaji N. Karun]] has its plotline adopted from this incident. The 2013 [[Malayalam film]] ''[[Idukki Gold (film)\|Idukki Gold]]'' references the case. Raman, one of the protagonists, throws ink at the Kerala Home Minister in protest against the Rajan case not being resolved. Malayalam movie ''Sahapaadi'' (1975), also touches the issue.		The 1988 [[Malayalam film]] ''[[Piravi]]'' directed by [[Shaji N. Karun]] has its plotline adopted from this incident. The 2013 [[Malayalam film]] ''[[Idukki Gold (film)\|Idukki Gold]]'' references the case. Raman, one of the protagonists, throws ink at the Kerala Home Minister in protest against the Rajan case not being resolved. Malayalam movie ''Sahapaadi'' (1975), also touches the issue.
	[[File:Ormakal zindabad poster.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Ormakal zindabad poster.jpg\|thumb]]

	In 1977, the All Kerala Rajan Memorial Music Competition was started at the [[National Institute of Technology Calicut]] (then known as REC Calicut) to commemorate Rajan's life. Every year since 1987, the ~~university has held~~ their annual cultural festival [[Ragam (festival)\|Ragam]] in memory of Rajan.{{~~citation needed~~\|date=~~August 2019~~}}		In 1977, the All Kerala Rajan Memorial Music Competition was started at the [[National Institute of Technology Calicut]] (then known as REC Calicut) to commemorate Rajan's life. Every year since 1987, the Institute conducts their annual cultural festival [[Ragam (festival)\|Ragam]] in memory of Rajan.<ref name="ina2020">{{cite news \|last1=Special \|first1=Correspondant \|title=Ragam fest inaugurated at NIT-C \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/ragam-fest-inaugurated-at-nit-c/article30528554.ece \|publisher=thehindu.com \|date=10 Jan 2020}}</ref> In 2006, Ragam festival started with an audio message delivered by Rajan's father [[T. V. Eachara Warrier\|Eachara Warrier]].<ref name="Ragam06">{{cite news \|author=Staff Reporter \|title=Colourful start to Ragam \|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/23/stories/2006022307230300.htm \|publisher=hindu.com\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060303190509/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/23/stories/2006022307230300.htm \|archive-date=3 March 2006 }}</ref>

	[[C. R. Omanakuttan]] has written a book named ''Shavamtheenikal'' which is an expose of the brutality involved in the incident.		[[C. R. Omanakuttan]] has written a book named ''Shavamtheenikal'' which is an expose of the brutality involved in the incident.

	In 2006 an experimental theatre work ''Ormakal Zindabad''. (Memories long live) staged in certain places in Kerala, directed by G. Ajayan based on the custodial death of Rajan. The parts of leading characters Jayaram Padikkal and Rajan were done by Salih Rawther and Shabu Madhavan respectively		In 2006 an experimental theatre work ''Ormakal Zindabad''. (Memories long live) staged in certain places in Kerala, directed by G. Ajayan based on the custodial death of Rajan. The parts of leading characters Jayaram Padikkal and Rajan were done by Salih Rawther and Shabu Madhavan respectively
	[[File:'Ormakal Zindabad'.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:'Ormakal Zindabad'.jpg\|thumb]]The 2021 Tamil movie [[Jai Bhim (film)\|Jai Bhim]], directly references the Rajan case as an example of a [[Habeas corpus\|habeas corpus]] wherein the rare occurrence of a cross examination in a high court as grounds for not producing a detainee by the state police is permitted.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.janmabhumi.in/news/review/jai-bhim-movie-review\|title = ന്യായം, നീതി: മനസ് തുറന്നു കാണേണ്ട സിനിമ}}</ref>

			== See also ==
			* [[Arikkad Varghese\|Naxal Varghese]]

	== References ==		== References ==
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	== External links ==		== External links ==
			*[http://www.calicutnet.com/articles/gopinath/pinarayi_ambushed_by_rajan_case.htm Articles T. P. Gopinath Pinarayi ambushed by Rajan case – Karunakaran is also victim!]
	*[http://www.ahrchk.net/pub/mainfile.php/mof/ Revised link of the "Ebook on Rajan by his father"]		*[http://www.ahrchk.net/pub/mainfile.php/mof/ Revised link of the "Ebook on Rajan by his father"]
	*[http://www.humanrights.asia/resources/books/memories-of-a-father/Memories%20of%20a%20Father%20-English.pdf PDF-Ebook(English)]		*[http://www.humanrights.asia/resources/books/memories-of-a-father/Memories%20of%20a%20Father%20-English.pdf PDF-Ebook(English)]
	*[http://www.ahrchk.net/pub/pdf/mof.pdf Ebook on Rajan by his father]		*[http://www.ahrchk.net/pub/pdf/mof.pdf Ebook on Rajan by his father]
	*[http://www.calicutnet.com/articles/gopinath/pinarayi_ambushed_by_rajan_case.htm]

	~~== See also ==~~
	* [[Naxal Varghese]]

	{{Indian Emergency}}		{{Indian Emergency}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajan Case}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajan Case}}
	[[Category:~~Political history of Kerala~~]]		[[Category:1970s missing person cases]]
	[[Category:~~The Emergency (~~India)]]		[[Category:1976 crimes in India]]
			[[Category:1976 in India]]
			[[Category:Crime in Kerala]]
	[[Category:Forced disappearances in India]]		[[Category:Forced disappearances in India]]
	~~[[Category:1976 in India]]~~
	[[Category:History of Kerala (1947–present)]]		[[Category:History of Kerala (1947–present)]]
	[[Category:~~Crime in Kerala~~]]		[[Category:Male murder victims]]
	[[Category:~~1976 crimes~~ in India]]		[[Category:Missing person cases in India]]
	[[Category:People murdered in Kerala]]		[[Category:People murdered in Kerala]]
			[[Category:Political history of Kerala]]
			[[Category:The Emergency (India)]]

imported>BD2412: Typo fixing for Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss, replaced: ,J → , J

2021-07-12T23:05:06Z

Typo fixing for Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss, replaced: ,J → , J

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
[[File:Rajan.JPG|right|150px|alt=P. Rajan]]
The '''Rajan case''' refers to the death of '''P. Rajan''', a student of the [[National Institute of Technology Calicut|Regional Engineering College, Calicut]], as a result of torture in local police custody in [[Kerala]] during [[The Emergency (India)|the nationwide Emergency in India]] in 1976, and the legal battle that followed, which brought out the facts of the incident<ref name="rediff2000jun26">{{cite news | url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2000/jun/26/george.htm | title=Emergency: 'Rajan's mother died asking for him' | work=Rediff.com | first=George | last=Iype | date=26 June 2000 | access-date=11 August 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/25/stories/2011012561990500.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301082725/http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/25/stories/2011012561990500.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 March 2011 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | title=Fresh probe in Rajan case sought |date=25 January 2011}}</ref> to the public. His remains are yet to be recovered.

== Background ==
During [[The Emergency (India)|the nationwide Emergency in India]] between 1975 and 1977, [[Fundamental Rights in India|Fundamental Rights]] of the citizen were suspended by the government, creating a period of police activism.<ref name="rediff2000jun26" /> In Kerala, the [[Naxalite|Naxal]] movement was at its peak during this period. Major operations of Naxals in Kerala were attacks on police stations in rural areas. The police acted with vengeance upon the Naxalites and used the word Naxal to address those upon whom they had vengeance.

== Incident ==
Rajan, a student of the Calicut Regional Engineering College (presently the [[National Institute of Technology Calicut]]), was arrested by the [[Kerala Police]] on 1 March 1976,<ref name="pucl_rajan">{{cite web | url=http://www.pucl.org/from-archives/81oct/rajan.htm | title=What Happened to the Rajan Case ? | publisher=People's Union for Civil Liberties website Archives | date=Oct 1981 | access-date=27 May 2012}}</ref> during [[The Emergency (India)|the nationwide Emergency in India]] along with his fellow student, Joseph Chaaly.As was later revealed by a petition in the [[High Court of Kerala]], he was held in police custody and tortured as part of the interrogation. He died from torture of extreme kind,<ref name=express_hero>{{cite news|title=Once there was a hero|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/once-there-was-a-hero..../705882/2|access-date=27 May 2012|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=2 Nov 2010}}</ref> especially due to something called ''uruttal'' (a practice of "rolling" a heavy wooden log over the body of the victim). His body was then disposed of by the police, and was never recovered.

Rajan's father, [[T. V. Eachara Warrier]], complained to the authorities about his missing son. The police finally confirmed that he died in custody upon a [[habeas corpus]] suit, the first such suit in the history of Kerala, filed by his father in the [[High Court of Kerala]].<ref name="Bālakr̥ṣṇan1997">{{cite book|author=Veṅṅānūr Bālakr̥ṣṇan|title=Jayar̲āṃ Paṭikkalint̲e kr̲aiṃ ḍayari|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-grQHAAACAAJ|access-date=27 May 2012|year=1997|publisher=Dhanuṣmān Grūp ōph Pabḷikkēṣans}}</ref>

== Inquiries by family==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2019}}
Rajan's mother had become mentally unstable from the developments and was hospitalised. His father, [[T. V. Eachara Warrier]], lost all of his money but he did not know why his son was arrested, that he made enquiries to police officers, who, he felt, would be able to give him the details about his son's arrest and also about his whereabouts. He made representations to the authorities, which produced no result. Somehow, he came to know that Rajan was arrested under directions of the DIG of Police, Crime Branch, Trivandrum. He met the then Home Minister of the State [[K. Karunakaran]]. He sent petitions to the Home Secretary to the government of Kerala 3 times. There was not even a single reply or acknowledgment.

Mr. Warrier continued his efforts at getting some information about his son by similar representations made to the President of India and Home Minister to the government of India with copies to all the Members of Parliament from Kerala. He made similar representations to the Prime Minister of India and others, all to no effect. He met several police officers and came to know that some of the students who had been arrested similarly were detainees in the Central Jail. He was vigorously searching in vain for his son in the three Central Jails and also in the various other police camps and other places. He met the Chief Minister several times because the Chief Minister had personal knowledge of the arrest of his son and also of his detention. On the last occasion he met Sri. Achutha Menon, who expressed his helplessness in the matter and said that the matter was being dealt with by [[K. Karunakaran]], Minister for Home Affairs.

He appealed to the general public in Kerala by expressing his grievance in a pamphlet distributed to the public. The Home Minister who was a candidate in the recent elections addressed several public meetings in Mala, Kalpetta and other constituencies of the State and in some of the meetings he made mention of the fact that Rajan was involved as an accused in a murder case and that was why he was kept in detention. Rajan was never produced before a Magistrate.<ref name="web.archive.org">https://web.archive.org/web/20110124094221/http://www.ahrchk.net/pub/pdf/mof.pdf</ref>

== Findings ==
Rajan's father fought a long battle against the establishment to bring to light the facts behind the disappearance and expose atrocities committed by the state. The petition and subsequent investigations found that Rajan had indeed been taken into custody, and perhaps died when in police custody. His body was not found, and many charges against the accused in this case had to be dropped. The accused included the chief of the Crime Branch wing of [[Kerala Police]], [[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]] [[Jayaram Padikkal]], who was convicted but the conviction was overturned on appeal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/once-there-was-a-hero..../705882/2|title=Once there was a hero...|date=2 November 2010|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2 June 2012}}</ref> Karunakaran was the Home Minister during the emergency. He resigned from the post of the Chief Minister of Kerala in 1978 from adverse judgement in the case. Warrier wrote the book, ''Memories of a Father'', narrating his fights.<ref name="web.archive.org"/>

== In popular culture ==

The 1988 [[Malayalam film]] ''[[Piravi]]'' directed by [[Shaji N. Karun]] has its plotline adopted from this incident. The 2013 [[Malayalam film]] ''[[Idukki Gold (film)|Idukki Gold]]'' references the case. Raman, one of the protagonists, throws ink at the Kerala Home Minister in protest against the Rajan case not being resolved. Malayalam movie ''Sahapaadi'' (1975), also touches the issue.
[[File:Ormakal zindabad poster.jpg|thumb]]

In 1977, the All Kerala Rajan Memorial Music Competition was started at the [[National Institute of Technology Calicut]] (then known as REC Calicut) to commemorate Rajan's life. Every year since 1987, the university has held their annual cultural festival [[Ragam (festival)|Ragam]] in memory of Rajan.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}

[[C. R. Omanakuttan]] has written a book named ''Shavamtheenikal'' which is an expose of the brutality involved in the incident.

In 2006 an experimental theatre work ''Ormakal Zindabad''. (Memories long live) staged in certain places in Kerala, directed by G. Ajayan based on the custodial death of Rajan. The parts of leading characters Jayaram Padikkal and Rajan were done by Salih Rawther and Shabu Madhavan respectively
[[File:'Ormakal Zindabad'.jpg|thumb]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
*[http://www.ahrchk.net/pub/mainfile.php/mof/ Revised link of the "Ebook on Rajan by his father"]
*[http://www.humanrights.asia/resources/books/memories-of-a-father/Memories%20of%20a%20Father%20-English.pdf PDF-Ebook(English)]
*[http://www.ahrchk.net/pub/pdf/mof.pdf Ebook on Rajan by his father]
*[http://www.calicutnet.com/articles/gopinath/pinarayi_ambushed_by_rajan_case.htm]

== See also ==
* [[Naxal Varghese]]

{{Indian Emergency}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajan Case}}
[[Category:Political history of Kerala]]
[[Category:The Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Forced disappearances in India]]
[[Category:1976 in India]]
[[Category:History of Kerala (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Crime in Kerala]]
[[Category:1976 crimes in India]]
[[Category:People murdered in Kerala]]