Rajam Krishnan - Revision history

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General improvements to article content

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	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Rajam Krishnan was born in [[Musiri]], [[Tiruchirapalli district]]. She had very little formal education and appears to have been largely an autodidact.<ref>{{Cite book\|title = Women Writing in India: The Twentieth Century\|last = Tharu~~, (ed)~~\|first = Susie\|publisher = Feminist Press at CUNY\|year = 1993\|isbn = 9781558610293\|pages = 205–207}}</ref>		Rajam Krishnan was born in [[Musiri]], [[Tiruchirapalli district]]. She had very little formal education and appears to have been largely an autodidact.<ref>{{Cite book\|title = Women Writing in India: The Twentieth Century\|last = Tharu\|first = Susie\|publisher = Feminist Press at CUNY\|year = 1993\|isbn = 9781558610293\|pages = 205–207}}</ref>

	She started publishing in her twenties. She is known for writing well researched social novels on the lives of people usually not depicted in modern Tamil literature - poor farmers, salt pan workers, small-time criminals, jungle dacoits, under-trial prisoners and female labourers. She has written more than 80 books.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400350600.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040311195600/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400350600.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=11 March 2004\|title=Open to life and art\|date=4 January 2004\|work=[[The Hindu]]\|access-date=23 May 2010\|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Her works include forty novels, twenty plays, two biographies and several short stories. In addition to her own writing, she was a translator of literature from Malayalam to Tamil.<ref name="K Lalita, 1993">Susie Tharu and K Lalita, ''Women Writing In India'' Feminist Press at CUNY, 1993) 203-206</ref> In their anthology of Women's Writing in India in the 19th and 20th Century, Susie J Tharu and K Lalita credit Krishnan with "having set a new trend in Tamil literature," referring to the extensive research that Krishnan did in evaluating social conditions as background for her writing.<ref name="K Lalita, 1993"/>		She started publishing in her twenties. She is known for writing well researched social novels on the lives of people usually not depicted in modern Tamil literature - poor farmers, salt pan workers, small-time criminals, jungle dacoits, under-trial prisoners and female labourers. She has written more than 80 books.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400350600.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040311195600/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400350600.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=11 March 2004\|title=Open to life and art\|date=4 January 2004\|work=[[The Hindu]]\|access-date=23 May 2010\|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Her works include forty novels, twenty plays, two biographies and several short stories. In addition to her own writing, she was a translator of literature from Malayalam to Tamil.<ref name="K Lalita, 1993">Susie Tharu and K Lalita, ''Women Writing In India'' Feminist Press at CUNY, 1993) 203-206</ref> In their anthology of Women's Writing in India in the 19th and 20th Century, Susie J Tharu and K Lalita credit Krishnan with "having set a new trend in Tamil literature," referring to the extensive research that Krishnan did in evaluating social conditions as background for her writing.<ref name="K Lalita, 1993"/>

	In 1973, she was awarded the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Tamil language\|Tamil]] for her novel ''Verukku Neer''.<ref name="sahitya">[http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10320.htm#tamil Tamil Sahitya Akademi Awards 1955-2007] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124032426/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10320.htm \|date=2010-01-24 }} [[Sahitya Akademi]] Official website.</ref> In 2009, her works were nationalised by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], for a compensation of Rs. 300,000. It was a rare occurrence as only works of dead writers are usually nationalised in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news\|url=~~http~~://~~articles.~~timesofindia.indiatimes.com/~~2009-05-31~~/chennai/~~28183081_1_sahitya~~-~~akademi~~-~~award~~-~~nationalisation~~-~~works~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811065936/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-31/chennai/28183081_1_sahitya-akademi-award-nationalisation-works\|url-status=~~dead~~\|archive-date=11 August 2011\|title=Works of writer Rajam Krishnan to be nationalised\|date=31 March 2009\|work=[[The Times of India]]\|access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400380600.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107204849/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400380600.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=7 November 2012\|title=Metaphor for a generation\|last=C. S. Lakshmi\|author-link=C. S. Lakshmi\|date=4 January 2004\|work=[[The Hindu]]\|access-date=23 May 2010\|location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=~~http~~://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3071747.stm\|title=India rights campaign for infanticide mothers\|date=17 July 2003\|work=[[BBC News]]\|access-date=23 May 2010\|first=Sampath\|last=Kumar}}</ref>		In 1973, she was awarded the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Tamil language\|Tamil]] for her novel ''Verukku Neer''.<ref name="sahitya">[http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10320.htm#tamil Tamil Sahitya Akademi Awards 1955-2007] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124032426/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10320.htm \|date=2010-01-24 }} [[Sahitya Akademi]] Official website.</ref> In 2009, her works were nationalised by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], for a compensation of Rs. 300,000. It was a rare occurrence as only works of dead writers are usually nationalised in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Works-of-writer-Rajam-Krishnan-to-be-nationalised/articleshow/4598664.cms\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811065936/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-31/chennai/28183081_1_sahitya-akademi-award-nationalisation-works\|url-status=live\|archive-date=11 August 2011\|title=Works of writer Rajam Krishnan to be nationalised\|date=31 March 2009\|work=[[The Times of India]]\|access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400380600.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107204849/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400380600.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=7 November 2012\|title=Metaphor for a generation\|last=C. S. Lakshmi\|author-link=C. S. Lakshmi\|date=4 January 2004\|work=[[The Hindu]]\|access-date=23 May 2010\|location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3071747.stm\|title=India rights campaign for infanticide mothers\|date=17 July 2003\|work=[[BBC News]]\|access-date=23 May 2010\|first=Sampath\|last=Kumar}}</ref>

	== Death ==		== Death ==
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	Rajam was left poor and destitute in her later years and had to be admitted to an old age home.<ref name="thehindu_20141022" /> She died on 20 October 2014.<ref name="thehindu_20141022" />		Rajam was left poor and destitute in her later years and had to be admitted to an old age home.<ref name="thehindu_20141022" /> She died on 20 October 2014.<ref name="thehindu_20141022" />

	==~~Partial bibliography~~==		==Bibliography==

	*''Uthara Kaandam - (உத்தர காண்டம்)''		*''Uthara Kaandam - (உத்தர காண்டம்)''
	*''Kurinji Then - (குறிஞ்சித்தேன்)''Kannada & Malayalam Translations are published		*''Kurinji Then - (குறிஞ்சித்தேன்)''Kannada & Malayalam Translations are published
	*''Valaikaram - (வளைக்கரம்)''		*''Valaikaram - (வளைக்கரம்)''
	*''Verukku Neer - (வேருக்கு நீர்)''Kannada Translation available		*''Verukku Neer - (வேருக்கு நீர்)''Kannada Translation available
	*''Malargal - (மலர்கள்)''		*''Malargal - (மலர்கள்)'' <ref>{{cite web \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=q8UwHAAACAAJ \|title= Malargal \|author=<!--Not stated--> \|date= 1993\|website= Google Books \|publisher= \|access-date= July 22, 2025 \|quote=}}</ref>
	*''Mullum Malarndhadhu - (முள்ளும் மலர்ந்தது)''		*''Mullum Malarndhadhu - (முள்ளும் மலர்ந்தது)''
	*''Paadaiyil Padinda Adigal - (பாதையில் பதிந்த அடிகள்)''		*''Paadaiyil Padinda Adigal - (பாதையில் பதிந்த அடிகள்)''
	*''Alaivaai Karayile - (அலைவாய் கரையிலே)''		*''Alaivaai Karayile - (அலைவாய் கரையிலே)'' <ref>{{cite web \|url= https://www.amazon.in/ALAIVAAI-KARAIYIL-Novel-அலைவாய்க்-கரையில்/dp/B09VCB5M16 \|title= Alaivaai Karayile \|author=<!--Not stated--> \|date= \|website= Amazon \|publisher= \|access-date= July 22, 2025 \|quote=}}</ref>
	*''Karippu Manigal - (கரிப்பு மணிகள்)''		*''Karippu Manigal - (கரிப்பு மணிகள்)'' <ref>{{cite web \|url= https://www.chennailibrary.com/rajamkrishnan/karippumanigal/km.html#google_vignette \|title= Rajam Krishnan \|author=<!--Not stated--> \|date= \|website= Chennai Library \|publisher= \|access-date= July 22, 2025 \|quote=}}</ref>
	*''Mannakattu puntulikal - (மண்ணகத்துப் பூந்துளிகள்)''		*''Mannakattu puntulikal - (மண்ணகத்துப் பூந்துளிகள்)''
	*''Sathiya Velvi - (சத்திய வேள்வி)''		*''Sathiya Velvi - (சத்திய வேள்வி)''
	*''Suzhalil Mithakkum Deepangal'' (Lamps in the Whirlpool)(1987)		*''Suzhalil Mithakkum Deepangal'' (Lamps in the Whirlpool) (1987)

	==Awards and recognitions==		==Awards and recognitions==
	*[[New York Herald Tribune]] International Award for a short story (1950)		*[[New York Herald Tribune]] International Award for a short story (1950) <ref name=NIE>{{cite web \|url= https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2014/Oct/22/acclaimed-feminist-writer-passes-away-674264.html \|title= Acclaimed Feminist Writer Passes Away \|author=<!--Not stated--> \|date= 22 October 2014 \|website= New Indian Express \|publisher= \|access-date= July 22, 2025 \|quote=}}</ref>
	*Kalaimagal award (1953)(நாவல் 'பெண் குரல்')		*Kalaimagal award (1953)(நாவல் 'பெண் குரல்') <ref>{{cite web \|url= https://www.cambridgescholars.com/resources/pdfs/978-1-4438-2995-3-sample.pdf \|title= Rajam Krishnan and Indian Feminist Hermeneutics \|author=<!--Not stated--> \|date= \|website= Cambridge Scholars \|publisher= \|access-date= July 22, 2025 \|quote=}}</ref>
	*[[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Tamil language\|Tamil]] for ''Verukku Neer'' (Water for the Roots) (1973)		*'Malargal' (Flowers) Ananda Vikatan Novel Prize Winner(1958)('மலர்கள்' ஆனந்த விகடன் பரிசு நாவல் 1958){{citation needed\|date= September 2022}}
	*Thiru. Vi. ~~Ka award (1991)~~		*[[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Tamil language\|Tamil]] for ''Verukku Neer'' (Water for the Roots) (1973) <ref>{{cite web \|url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/writer-rajam-krishnan-dead/article6524537.ece \|title= Writer Rajam Krishnan Dead \|author=<!--Not stated--> \|date= 22 October 2014 \|website= The Hindu \|publisher= \|access-date= July 22, 2025 \|quote=}}</ref>
	*'Malargal' (Flowers) Ananda Vikatan Novel Prize Winner(1958)('மலர்கள்' ஆனந்த விகடன் பரிசு நாவல் 1958)		*Soviet Land Nehru Award (1975) for ''Vailaikkaram'' (Wrist with Bangles) <ref name=NIE /><ref>Susie Tharu and K Lalita, ''Women Writing In India'' (Feminist Press at CUNY, 1993) 203-206</ref>
	*Soviet Land Nehru Award (1975) for ''Vailaikkaram'' (Wrist with Bangles)<ref>Susie Tharu and K Lalita, ''Women Writing In India'' (Feminist Press at CUNY, 1993) 203-206</ref>		*Thiru. Vi. Ka award (1991) <ref name=NIE />

	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]		[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
	[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Tamil]]		[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Tamil]]
	[[Category:Tamil writers]]		[[Category:Indian Tamil writers]]
	[[Category:People from Tiruchirappalli district]]		[[Category:People from Tiruchirappalli district]]
	[[Category:2014 deaths]]		[[Category:2014 deaths]]

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Removing from Category:20th-century Indian writers using Cat-a-lot

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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
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'''Rajam Krishnan''' (1924<ref name="thehindu_20141022">{{cite news|title=Writer Rajam Krishnan dead|date=22 October 2014|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/writer-rajam-krishnan-dead/article6524537.ece|first=B.|last=Kolappan|work=The Hindu}}</ref> or 1925 – 20 October 2014), was a [[feminist]] [[Tamil language|Tamil]] writer from [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].

==Biography==
Rajam Krishnan was born in [[Musiri]], [[Tiruchirapalli district]]. She had very little formal education and appears to have been largely an autodidact.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Women Writing in India: The Twentieth Century|last = Tharu, (ed)|first = Susie|publisher = Feminist Press at CUNY|year = 1993|isbn = 9781558610293|pages = 205–207}}</ref>

She started publishing in her twenties. She is known for writing well researched social novels on the lives of people usually not depicted in modern Tamil literature - poor farmers, salt pan workers, small-time criminals, jungle dacoits, under-trial prisoners and female labourers. She has written more than 80 books.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400350600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040311195600/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400350600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 March 2004|title=Open to life and art|date=4 January 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=23 May 2010|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Her works include forty novels, twenty plays, two biographies and several short stories. In addition to her own writing, she was a translator of literature from Malayalam to Tamil.<ref name="K Lalita, 1993">Susie Tharu and K Lalita, ''Women Writing In India'' Feminist Press at CUNY, 1993) 203-206</ref> In their anthology of Women's Writing in India in the 19th and 20th Century, Susie J Tharu and K Lalita credit Krishnan with "having set a new trend in Tamil literature," referring to the extensive research that Krishnan did in evaluating social conditions as background for her writing.<ref name="K Lalita, 1993"/>

In 1973, she was awarded the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Tamil language|Tamil]] for her novel ''Verukku Neer''.<ref name="sahitya">[http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10320.htm#tamil Tamil Sahitya Akademi Awards 1955-2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124032426/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10320.htm |date=2010-01-24 }} [[Sahitya Akademi]] Official website.</ref> In 2009, her works were nationalised by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], for a compensation of Rs. 300,000. It was a rare occurrence as only works of dead writers are usually nationalised in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-31/chennai/28183081_1_sahitya-akademi-award-nationalisation-works|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811065936/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-31/chennai/28183081_1_sahitya-akademi-award-nationalisation-works|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 August 2011|title=Works of writer Rajam Krishnan to be nationalised|date=31 March 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400380600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107204849/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2004/01/04/stories/2004010400380600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 November 2012|title=Metaphor for a generation|last=C. S. Lakshmi|author-link=C. S. Lakshmi|date=4 January 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=23 May 2010|location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3071747.stm|title=India rights campaign for infanticide mothers|date=17 July 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=23 May 2010|first=Sampath|last=Kumar}}</ref>

== Death ==

Rajam was left poor and destitute in her later years and had to be admitted to an old age home.<ref name="thehindu_20141022" /> She died on 20 October 2014.<ref name="thehindu_20141022" />

==Partial bibliography==
*''Uthara Kaandam - (உத்தர காண்டம்)''
*''Kurinji Then - (குறிஞ்சித்தேன்)''Kannada & Malayalam Translations are published
*''Valaikaram - (வளைக்கரம்)''
*''Verukku Neer - (வேருக்கு நீர்)''Kannada Translation available
*''Malargal - (மலர்கள்)''
*''Mullum Malarndhadhu - (முள்ளும் மலர்ந்தது)''
*''Paadaiyil Padinda Adigal - (பாதையில் பதிந்த அடிகள்)''
*''Alaivaai Karayile - (அலைவாய் கரையிலே)''
*''Karippu Manigal - (கரிப்பு மணிகள்)''
*''Mannakattu puntulikal - (மண்ணகத்துப் பூந்துளிகள்)''
*''Sathiya Velvi - (சத்திய வேள்வி)''
*''Suzhalil Mithakkum Deepangal'' (Lamps in the Whirlpool)(1987)

==Awards and recognitions==
*[[New York Herald Tribune]] International Award for a short story (1950)
*Kalaimagal award (1953)(நாவல் 'பெண் குரல்')
*[[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Tamil language|Tamil]] for ''Verukku Neer'' (Water for the Roots) (1973)
*Thiru. Vi. Ka award (1991)
*'Malargal' (Flowers) Ananda Vikatan Novel Prize Winner(1958)('மலர்கள்' ஆனந்த விகடன் பரிசு நாவல் 1958)
*Soviet Land Nehru Award (1975) for ''Vailaikkaram'' (Wrist with Bangles)<ref>Susie Tharu and K Lalita, ''Women Writing In India'' (Feminist Press at CUNY, 1993) 203-206</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/rajamkrishnan.html Library of Congress page for Rajam Krishnan]
*[http://www.tamilvu.org/library/nationalized/html/naauthor-78.htm Nationalized books of Rajam Krishnan]

{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Tamil}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnan, Rajam}}
[[Category:1920s births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Tamil]]
[[Category:Tamil writers]]
[[Category:People from Tiruchirappalli district]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Women writers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian women novelists]]
[[Category:Novelists from Tamil Nadu]]