JohannaBuckley: adjust formatting per sources and improved wording

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adjust formatting per sources and improved wording

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 26 July 2023
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	\| honorific_prefix = [[Captain (armed forces)\|Captain]]		\| honorific_prefix = [[Captain (armed forces)\|Captain]]
	\| name = Muhammad Sarwar		\| name = Muhammad Sarwar
	\| honorific_suffix = ~~[[File:Nishan-e-Haider Medal.png\|70px]]~~<br>'''[[Nishan-e-Haider]]'''<br>[[Nishan-e-Haider\|NH]]		\| honorific_suffix = <br>'''[[Nishan-e-Haider]]'''<br>[[Nishan-e-Haider\|NH]]
	\| image = Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.jpg		\| image = Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.jpg
	\| image_upright =		\| image_upright =

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119.73.112.5 at 19:00, 29 December 2021

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{{Short description|Pakistani army officer (1910–1948)}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[File:Nishan-i-Haider-PAK.jpg|20px]]
| name = Muhammad Sarwar
| honorific_suffix = [[Nishan-e-Haider]]
| image = Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = Sarwar, drawn posthumously in 1967
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name = Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti
| other_name =
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1910|11|10}}
| birth_place = Singhori village, [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]]<br />(Present day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1948|07|27|1910|11|10}}
| death_place = [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India
| placeofburial = Hill of Tilpatra near [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]], [[Indian Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]] in India
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| allegiance = {{PAK}}
| branch = {{army|PAK}}
| branch_label = Branch/service
| serviceyears = 1929–48
| serviceyears_label =
| rank = [[File:OF-2 Pakistan Army.svg|10px]][[File:US-O3 insignia.svg|15px]] [[Captain (United States)|Captain]]
| rank_label =
| servicenumber =
| unit =[[File:Badge of 1st Punjab Regiment 1945-56.jpg|15px]] [[1st Punjab Regiment|2/1st Punjab Regiment]]<br /> [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|2 Punjab Regiment]]
| commands =
| battles = [[Burma Campaign 1944–45|Burma Campaign in 1944–45]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–48]]{{KIA}}
| battles_label =
| awards = [[File:Nishan Haider Ribbon.gif|30px]] [[Nishan-e-Haider|Nishan-i-Haider]]<br />[[File:Ribbon - Burma Star.png|30px]] [[Burma Star]]
| memorials = [[Grand Trunk Road|G.T. Road]] near the [[Gujar Khan Tehsil]], [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] in Pakistan
| spouse =
| children =
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| module =
}}

[[Captain (United States)|Captain]] '''Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti''' ([[Urdu]]: راجہ محمد سرور بھٹی; b. 10 November 1910 – 27 July 1948) {{small|[[Nishan-e-Haider|'''NH''']], [[Burma Star|BS]]}}, best known as '''Muhammad Sarwar''',<ref name=ref2>{{cite web|url=http://pakistan360degrees.com/?s=Captain+Muhammad+Sarwar|title=Profile of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar|publisher=Pakistan 360 degrees website|author=Maira S|date=31 May 2011|access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref> was a [[Army ranks and insignia of Pakistan|military officer]] in the [[Pakistan Army]] who was cited with the first [[Nishan-e-Haider|Nishan-i-Haider]] for his gallant and actions of valor during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|first war]] between India and Pakistan in 1947–48.<ref name=PakistanToday>[https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/07/27/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistans-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered/ Captain Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider award recipient remembered] Pakistan Today (newspaper), Published 27 July 2016, Retrieved 4 November 2018</ref>

==Biography==

Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti was born in a small village, Singhori, that was located in the vicinity of the [[Gujar Khan Tehsil]], [[Rawalpindi District]], [[Punjab, British India]] in [[British Indian Empire]] on 10 November 1910, according to his tombstone.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar">{{cite web |title=Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar |url=https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S4Uy33mqEe4/WHDrjVgObRI/AAAAAAAAIAg/dqt1NkHirPMu-ynqNK665_DhTENdwYySQCLcB/s1600/Captain%2BSarwar%2BShaheed%2B2016.12.14%2B%2528108%2529.jpg |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref> He was a [[military brat]] whose father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan Bhatti, was an [[Military enlistment|enlist]] in the [[British Indian Army]], retiring at rank of ''[[Havildar]]'', a [[Sergeant (United States)|Sergeant]].<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> His family hailed from a Muslim-caste of the [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Rajput]] tribe.<ref name=ref2/>

He was educated in government-run schools in [[Rawalpindi District]] and secured his [[Matriculation in India|matriculation]] from a local school in [[Faisalabad]] in 1928.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> After graduation, he followed his father, [[Havildar|Sgt.]] Muhammad Hyatt, path and enlisted in the [[British Indian Army]] in 1929 as a [[Sepoy]] ([[Private (rank)|Pvt]]), where he was posted with the 2nd Battalion of the [[10th Baluch Regiment|10th Baloch Regiment]] (2/10th Baloch Regiment) of the [[Baloch Regiment]] {present 7th Battalion The Baloch Regiment (Steadfast Battalion)}.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> From 1929 until 1939, he worked hard towards reaching the one of the highest enlisted ranks and was eventually promoted as the [[Naib Subedar]] (the [[Warrant officer (United States)|Warrant officer-first class]] (WO-1) as present in the [[Pakistan Army]]) and posted in supply and ammunition with the [[Service Corps]] in 1939.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/>

In 1939, [[Warrant officer (United States)|WO-1]] Sarwar was invited to attend the [[Indian Military Academy]] in [[Dehradun]] and completed his [[Basic training|military training]] before gaining [[Officer (armed forces)|commission]] in the 2nd Battalion of the [[1st Punjab Regiment]] (2/1st Punjab Regiment) of the [[British Indian Army]] in 1943.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> In 1944, [[Second lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] Sarwar briefly served in the [[Burma]], serving with distinction in the [[Burma Campaign 1944–45|military operations in 1944–45]] that earned him the [[Burma Star]] by the [[GHQ India|British administrations in Delhi]] in India.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019" />

In 1944, [[Second lieutenant|2nd-Lt.]] Sarwar was posted in an administrative position in the Punjab Regiment — he was promoted as [[Lieutenant (United States)|Lieutenant]] in 1945–46.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> In the British Indian Army personnel accounts, Lt. Sarwar was known to be "a serious man with no nonsense and deeply religious who would practice his religion, [[Islam]], devotedly and offered [[Muslim prayers|five prayers]] everyday, first offering the [[Fajr prayer|prayer before sunrise]] and concluding with the [[Witr|very last midnight prayer]]."<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/>

In 1946–47, Lt. Sarwar was promoted as [[Captain (army)|army captain]] and decided to attend the signal course before Capt. Sarwar was recommissioned in the [[Pakistan Army Corps of Signals]] in 1947, and directed towards attending the [[Military College of Signals]].<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> After hearing the news of the [[First Kashmir War|first war]] between India and Pakistan over [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], Capt. Sarwar immediately wanted volunteered but refrained due to his officers wanted him to complete his schooling on the [[military signals]], which he completed after a year.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar"/> In 1948, Capt. Sarwar took over the command of the 2nd Battalion of the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Punjab Regiment]] of the Pakistan Army as its commanding officer and was deployed on frontline.<ref name="pakarmymuseum">{{cite web |title=CAPTAIN MUHAMMAD SARWAR (SHAHEED) |url=http://www.pakarmymuseum.com/exhibits/captain-muhammad-sarwar-shaheed/ |website=www.pakarmymuseum.com |publisher=pakarmymuseum |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref>

A [[Infantry|march]] towards the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] town of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] was commenced under Capt. Sarwar, and led an attack on the organized Indian Army's troops, forcing them to [[Retreat (military)|retreat]] from the [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] to [[Ladakh, India|Ladakh]] on 26 July 1948.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019" /> Capt. Sarwar's company followed the retreated Indian Army's troops to the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] region where his unit faced off the strongly fortified enemy position located in the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] sector.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019" /> His company was only 50 yards away from the fortified enemy position as the Indian Army's soldiers begin their mortar shelling at his positions, and received instructions on leading the attack on the left side of the bunker where the shelling was taking place.{{rp|88}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947">{{cite book |last1=Mirza |first1=Yaqub |title=The golden jubilee celebrations of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan |date=1947 |publisher=National Book Foundation |location=Karachi, Sin. Pakistan |isbn=9789693701784 |pages=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sf5tAAAAMAAJ&q=+barbed+wires. |access-date=9 March 2019 |language=en-us |format=snippet view}}</ref> Moving towards the new position, his passage was blocked due to the [[barbed wire]]s and decided to move to cut the wires with only taking six men alongside.{{rp|88}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947"/> During the firefight, Capt. Sarwar used the [[bolt cutter]] to cut their [[barbed wire]]s and due to the downpour of shelling, taking a bullet with a machine gun fire.{{rp|89}}<ref name="National Book Foundation, Mirza, 1947"/>

On 27 July 1948, Capt. Sarwar was killed while clearing the passage– he was 38 years old at the time of his death.{{rp|188}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Singh, 2010">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Brig Jasbir |title=Combat Diary: An illustrated history of operations conducted by 4th Battalion, The Kumaon Regiment 1788 to 1974 |date=2010 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=9781935501183 |pages=291 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SBWc27AVmwC&q=sarwar+barbed+wires&pg=PA188 |access-date=9 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

===Family background and personal life===

Muhammad Sarwar's father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan, had served in the [[British Indian Army]] and was decorated with the British war medal for [[Indian Army in World War I|his services]] in the [[World War I]]– Muhammad Hayat retired as a ''[[Havildar]]'' [[Sergeant (United States)|Sergeant]] and died on 23 November 1932.<ref name="Shaheed Foundation, 2019">{{cite web |last1=Foundation |first1=Shaheed |title=Shahadat Anniversary Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed,Nishan-e-HAIDAR[AS]... - SFP News |url=http://www.shaheedfoundation.org/foundationnews.asp?id=3264 |website=www.shaheedfoundation.org |publisher=Shaheed Foundation |access-date=8 March 2019 |language=en-us |date=27 July 2018}}</ref> Muhammad Sarwar had three brothers and one sister.<ref name=TNI/> Raja Muhammad Sarwar married in arrange in 1936 and had a son and a daughter from that marriage.<ref name=TNI/>

===Nishan-e-Haider===
[[File:Sarwar Bhatti Monument.jpg|thumb|250px|right|{{small|The monument of Capt. Raja Muhammad Sarwar at his locality near the [[Gt road|GT Road]] near Mandra }}]]
[[File:Nishan-i-Haider-PAK.jpg|125px|thumb|left|The Nishan-e-Haider]]
The body of Capt. Sarwar is buried at the Hill of Tilpatra which is near the [[Uri (India)|Uri]] in [[Indian Kashmir]] where he was buried on 27 July 1948.<ref name="Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar" /> It was on 23 March 1956 when the [[Government of Pakistan]] recognized his services as the [[Parliament of Pakistan]] authorized to posthumously award the [[Nishan-E-Haider]] (Eng. lit. ''Emblem of the Lion'') for his meritorious services, which was awarded to him by the [[President of Pakistan]].<ref name=PakistanToday/><ref>[http://www.shaheedfoundation.org/NishaneHaider.asp Profile of Raja Muhammad Sarwar on shaheedfoundation.org website] Retrieved 4 November 2018</ref><ref name=TNI>[https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/254574-captain-sarwar-shaheed-remembered Captain Sarwar Shaheed remembered] The News International (newspaper), Published 11 December 2017, Retrieved 4 November 2018</ref> The Presidential Nishan-e-Haider citation on his grave is written in [[Urdu]]; and its reads with translation as:

;'''Citation'''

:Battle of Tilpatra in Uri: When Quaid-e-Azam [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] declared ''Jihad'' in Kashmir and ordered Pakistan Army to participate in it. Captain Sarwar were participating in a course in GHQ's [[Military College of Signals|School of Signals]]. His unit 2 Punjab Regiment entered Kashmir to face the enemy. As soon as the course ended he persisted to take permission to participate in Jihad of Kashmir, with his unit which was granted. He was appointed as the signals officer. He offered to fight the enemy at Tilpatra hill. On 27 July 1948, he took his men with him and attacked the enemy. The enemy opened fire with machine guns, artillery and mortars. He kept on advancing. His machine gunner got killed. He took hold of his gun and attacked. When a second gunner arrived he handed over the machine gun to him. He, along with some soldiers, advanced from another side and destroyed a machine gun of the enemy and advanced There was barbed wire, which he cut himself and let the soldiers pass through it and led the assault on the enemy. During this time, a burst from the automatic machine gun of the enemy injured him. His actions in the battle of Tipatra led him to be posthumously presented with the Nishan-e-Haider.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Amir |first1=Tariq |title=Pakistan Geotagging: Monument of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed: Nishan e Haider |url=http://pakgeotagging.blogspot.com/2017/01/monument-of-captain-raja-muhammad.html |website=Pakistan Geotagging |access-date=9 March 2019 |date=12 January 2017}}</ref>

In 1967, the [[Government of Pakistan|federal government]] later established the marble tomb in his memory to offer remembrance of his career highlights in the military and martyrdom to the [[Pakistani society|civil society]] with additional funding was later secured by Imtiaz Warraich, the [[Member of Parliament|MP]] on the platform of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] to expand the facility in his memory in 1990— the marble tomb is located near his locality.<ref name="The Nation, 2016">{{cite news |title=Capt Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider recipient remembered |url=https://nation.com.pk/27-Jul-2016/capt-sarwar-shaheed-pakistan-s-first-ever-nishan-e-haider-recipient-remembered |access-date=9 March 2019 |work=The Nation |agency=The Nation |publisher=The Nation |date=27 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="urdubiography">{{cite web |title=Captain Sarwar Shaheed In Urdu |url=https://www.urdubiography.com/national-heroes/captain-sarwar-shaheed.html |website=www.urdubiography.com |access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref>

==In memory==

In 1968, a paintings exhibition was inaugurated in [[Lahore]], Pakistan depicting Pakistani war heroes including the first sketched portrait of Capt. Muhammad Sarwar.<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/1403575 From the past pages of Dawn (newspaper): Fifty years ago: War paintings show] Dawn (newspaper), Published 24 April 2018, Retrieved 4 November 2018</ref>

In 1991, he was subjected a biographical war telefilm, "''Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed''" produced and directed by the Qasim Jilali of the [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Drama Serial Nishan-e-Haider "Major Tufail Mohammad Shaheed" Pakistan Army (Complete) |website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmeeIcYP9Cw |access-date=7 March 2019 |date=8 September 2012}}</ref> In addition, the federal government established the community college, the [[Sarwar Shaheed College]], in his honor near his birthplace in the [[Gujar Khan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sarwar Shaheed College - College & University {{!}} Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/Sarwar-Shaheed-College/111826748829175 |website=www.facebook.com |access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref>

===Galleries===
{{Gallery
|title=Tomb and memorial of Capt. Muhammad Sarwar
|width=160
|height=170
|lines=4
|align=center
|File:Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti Shaheed, Nishan e Haider (5997687098).jpg|{{small|The inscription on the life of Capt. Muhammad Sarwar at his tomb in GT Road near Lahore.}}
|File:Sarwar Bhatti Monument.jpg|{{small|The monument at Sanghori (native village of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti Shaheed Nishan e Haider) astride GT Road near Mandra.}}
|File:Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti Shaheed, Nishan e Haider (5997690794).jpg|{{small|The memorial of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti Shaheed (Nishah e Haider) at his tomb in GT Road near Mandra.}}
}}

== See also ==
* [[Gujar Khan]]
* [[Sawar Muhammad Hussain Shaheed]]
* [[Sarwar Shaheed College]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web |last1=ISPR |first1=Staff Writer |title=Captain Muhammad Sarwar |url=https://www.ispr.gov.pk/captain-muhammad-sarwar-shaheed.php |website=www.ispr.gov.pk |publisher=ISPR |access-date=8 March 2019}}
*{{cite web |last1=ISPR |first1=PTV |title=Telefilm: Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdhxKJ0tSVM |website=www.youtube.com/ |publisher=ISPR |access-date=9 March 2019 |date=4 February 2017}}
{{Nishan-e-Haider}}
{{Military of Pakistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarwar, Muhammad}}
[[Category:1910 births|S]]
[[Category:1948 deaths|S]]
[[Category:Punjabi people|S]]
[[Category:People from Gujar Khan|S]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II|S]]
[[Category:Indian Military Academy alumni|S]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims|S]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers|S]]
[[Category:Pakistan Army officers|S]]
[[Category:Pakistan Military Academy alumni|S]]
[[Category:Pakistani electronics engineers|S]]
[[Category:Pakistani military engineers|S]]
[[Category:People of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|S]]
[[Category:Pakistani military personnel killed in action|S]]
[[Category:Recipients of Nishan-e-Haider|S]]

Raja Muhammad Sarwar - Revision history

JohannaBuckley: adjust formatting per sources and improved wording

Delinker: Bot: The file File:Nishan-e-Haider Medal.png has been removed, as it does not exist.

Bot: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

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119.73.112.5 at 19:00, 29 December 2021