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{{short description|American computer scientist}}

{{Infobox scientist
| name = Raj Jain
| image = Jain8cr.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = Prof. Raj Jain.
| citizenship = American
| alma_mater = Awadhesh Pratap Singh University [[Indian Institute of Science]] [[Harvard University]]
| known_for = The Art of Performance Analysis DEC-bit
| field = [[Computer science]]
| work_institution = [[Washington University in St. Louis]] [[Ohio State University]] [[MIT]]
| prizes = CDAC-ACCS Foundation Award ACM SIGCOMM Test of Time Award
}}

'''Raj Jain''' is an Indian American [[computer scientist]] and the Barbara H. and Jerome R. Cox, Jr. Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at [[Washington University in St. Louis]]. He is known for his contributions to [[computer networking]], particularly in [[congestion control]], performance analysis, and traffic modelling. He is a co-inventor of the [[DECbit]] congestion avoidance scheme.<ref name="bb">{{cite web |date=June 9, 2016 |title=Jain named Cox professor in computer science |url=https://source.washu.edu/2016/06/jain-named-cox-professor-computer-science/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |publisher=Washington University in St. Louis}}</ref>

According to [[Google Scholar]], his publications have been cited more than 45,000 times with an h-index 79.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raj Jain |url=https://engineering.washu.edu/faculty/Raj-Jain.html |website=engineering.washu.edu |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Jain was born in India. He earned his [[Bachelor of Engineering]] in Electrical Engineering from A. P. S. University, Rewa, in 1972. He then completed a Master of Engineering in Computer Science and Controls at the [[Indian Institute of Science]], Bangalore, in 1974.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raj Jain |url=https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/ftp/bio_jain.pdf |website=cse.wustl.edu}}</ref> He moved to the United States for doctoral studies and received a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics and Computer Science from [[Harvard University]] in 1978.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raj Jain |url=https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/news/ftp/jitcar.pdf |website=cse.wustl.edu}}</ref>

==Career==
Jain began his career working at [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] in [[Littleton, Massachusetts]], from 1978 to 1994, becoming a Senior Consulting Engineer. He was also a member of the All-Optical Networking (AON) consortium, a collaboration between Digital, MIT's [[Lincoln Laboratory]], and [[AT&T]] that secured DARPA funding and initiated research into Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) networks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raj Jain |url=https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/ |website=cse.wustl.edu}}</ref>

During his time at Digital, Jain was also a visiting scholar and honorary lecturer at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] in 1983–84, 1985, and 1987.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wayback Raj Jain |url=https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/news/ftp/97wiupdate.pdf |website=www.cse.wustl.edu}}</ref>

In 1994, Jain joined [[Ohio State University]] as a professor in the Department of Computer and Information Sciences, where he remained until 2002. He co-founded Nayna Networks, Inc. in San Jose, California, in 2000, and served as its Chief Technology Officer until 2007.<ref name="bb" />

In 2005, Jain joined Washington University in St. Louis as a professor of Computer Science and Engineering. In 2016, he was named the Barbara H. and Jerome R. Cox, Jr. Professor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raj Jain |url=https://www.igi-global.com/affiliate/raj-jain/196711 |website=IGI GLobal}}</ref>

==Research==

=== Congestion control and the DECbit scheme ===
Jain is best known for his work on network congestion management. He is a co-inventor of the DECbit scheme, a binary feedback congestion avoidance mechanism that was implemented in DECnet and later influenced standards for OSI, Frame Relay, and ATM networks.<ref name="refname9">{{Cite patent|number=5377327|title=Congestion avoidance scheme for computer networks|gdate=1994-12-27|url=https://www.freepatentsonline.com/5377327.html}}</ref> The scheme allows network switches to signal impending congestion to end hosts by setting a bit in packet headers, enabling hosts to adjust their transmission rates proactively. The seminal paper describing this work, "Analysis of the Increase and Decrease Algorithms for Congestion Avoidance in Computer Networks," received the [[ACM SIGCOMM]] Test of Time Award in 2006.<ref name="refname10">{{Cite web |title=Analysis of the Increase and Decrease Algorithms for Congestion Avoidance in Computer Networks |url=https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/papers/ftp/cong_av.pdf |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=ACM Digital Library |language=en}}</ref>

His work on timeout based [[congestion control]] influenced the design of the [[TCP congestion control#Slow start|slow start]] algorithm in [[TCP/IP]] networks.<ref name="refname12">[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=59330 A timeout-based congestion control scheme for window flow-controlled networks]</ref><ref name="refname13">[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=52356 Congestion avoidance and control]</ref>

=== Performance analysis ===
Jain is the author of ''The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis'' (John Wiley & Sons, 1991), which became a standard textbook on the subject. The book won the Computer Press Association's "Best Advanced How-to Book, Systems" award in 1991. The book introduced several widely used concepts and metrics, including [[Jain's fairness index]], a quantitative measure for evaluating the fairness of resource allocation in computer systems and networks.<ref name="refname11">{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=A Quantitative Measure Of Fairness And Discrimination For Resource Allocation In Shared Computer Systems |url=https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/papers/fairness.htm |journal=Digital Equipment Corporation Technical Report}}</ref>

=== ATM Networks ===
Jain served as the Editor of the ATM Forum Performance Testing Specification and made over 100 contributions to performance and traffic management. He led the work that led to the development and adaptation of the explicit forward congestion indication (EFCI) scheme for traffic management in ATM networks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raj Jain's ATM Forum Contributions |url=http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/atmf/index.html |access-date=2026-04-22 |publisher=Washington University in St. Louis}}</ref>

=== WiMAX 4G Networks ===
Between 2006 and 2009, Jain served on the Application Working Group at the [[WiMAX]] Forum, which was developing the first 4G standard. He was the editor of the WiMAX Systems Evaluation Methodology document and made over 20 contributions related to various aspects of WiMAX performance and scheduling. In 2008, he received the WiMAX Forum Individual Contribution Award in appreciation of his leadership.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raj Jain – Curriculum Vitae |url=http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cv_jain.htm |access-date=2026-04-22 |publisher=Washington University in St. Louis}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Raj Jain's WiMAX Contributions |url=http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/wimax/index.html |access-date=2026-04-22 |publisher=Washington University in St. Louis}}</ref>

== Awards ==

* [[ACM SIGCOMM]] Lifetime Achievement Award (2017)<ref>{{cite web |title=SIGCOMM Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://www.sigcomm.org/awards/lifetime-award |access-date=2026-04-22 |publisher=ACM SIGCOMM}}</ref>
* James B. Eads Award from the Academy of Science, St. Louis (2018)
* A. Michelson Award from the Computer Measurement Group (2015)
* Distinguished Alumnus Award from the Indian Institute of Science Alumni Association (2014)<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Raj Jain – Distinguished Alumnus |url=https://accsindia.org/dr-raj-jain/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |publisher=ACCS India}}</ref>
* ACM SIGCOMM Test of Time Award (2006) for his DECbit paper
* CDAC-ACCS Foundation Award (2009)<ref>{{cite web |title=CDAC-ACCS Foundation Award |url=https://accsindia.org/dr-raj-jain/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |publisher=ACCS India}}</ref>
* WiMAX Forum Individual Contribution Award (2008)
* siliconindia Leadership Award for Excellence and Promise in Business and Technology (1999)
* Lumley Engineering Research Award from Ohio State University College of Engineering (1999)
* Ohio State University College of Engineering Research Accomplishment Award (1996)
* Ameritech Fellowship (1995)

== Selected publications ==
He is author of four books. His second book ''The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis'' published by [[Wiley Interscience]] won the 1991 ''Best Advanced How-to Book, Systems'' award from [[Computer Press Association]].<ref name="refname15">[http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471503363.html The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis: Techniques for Experimental Design, Measurement, Simulation, and Modeling]</ref>

=== Books ===

* {{cite book |last=Jain |first=R. |title=The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis: Techniques for Experimental Design, Measurement, Simulation, and Modeling |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=1991 |isbn=978-0471503361}}
* {{cite book |last=Jain |first=R. |title=High-Performance TCP/IP: Concepts, Issues, and Solutions |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=2003 |isbn=}}
* {{cite book |title=Quality of Service Architectures for Wireless Networks: Performance Metrics and Management |publisher=IGI Global |year=2010 |isbn=978-1615206803 |editor-last1=Kotsopoulos |editor-first1=S. |editor-last2=Jain |editor-first2=R.}}

=== Selected journal articles ===

* {{cite journal |last1=Jain |first1=R. |last2=Routhier |first2=S. A. |year=1986 |title=Packet trains: Measurements and a new model for computer network traffic |journal=IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=986–995}}
* {{cite conference |last1=Jain |first1=R. |last2=Ramakrishnan |first2=K. K. |year=1988 |title=Congestion avoidance in computer networks with a connectionless network layer: Concepts, goals and methodology |conference=Proceedings of the Computer Networking Symposium |pages=134–143}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Chiu |first1=D. M. |last2=Jain |first2=R. |year=1989 |title=Analysis of the increase and decrease algorithms for congestion avoidance in computer networks |journal=Computer Networks and ISDN Systems |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–14}}
* {{cite journal |last=Jain |first=R. |year=1990 |title=Congestion control and traffic management in ATM networks: Recent advances and a survey |journal=Computer Networks and ISDN Systems |volume=28 |issue=13 |pages=1723–1738}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Bhamare |first1=D. |last2=Samaka |first2=M. |last3=Erbad |first3=A. |last4=Jain |first4=R. |last5=Gupta |first5=L. |last6=Chan |first6=A. |year=2017 |title=Optimal virtual network function placement and resource allocation in multi-cloud service function chaining architecture |journal=Computer Communications |volume=102 |pages=1–16}} (Received 2020 Best Research Paper Award from Elsevier)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Raj}}
[[Category:American computer scientists]]
[[Category:American technology writers]]
[[Category:Researchers in distributed computing]]
[[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery]]
[[Category:Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Technology evangelists]]
[[Category:21st-century American engineers]]
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from St. Louis]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from St. Louis]]
[[Category:American Jains]]
[[Category:Inventors from Missouri]]
[[Category:American academics of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Washington University in St. Louis faculty]]
[[Category:Ohio State University faculty]]
[[Category:People from Satna]]

Raj Jain - Revision history

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