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{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Raichur district}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Raichur
| native_name = Rayachoor
| nickname = Cotton City
| settlement_type = City
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Raichur City
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka #India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Karnataka]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.2|N|77.37|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| country = India
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Raichur district|Raichur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = RMC
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 407
| population_total = 232456
| population_rural =
| population_metro = 251555
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 189
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Raichurians
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| demographic1_info1 = [Other languages] =[[English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 584101-103
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91 8532
| registration_plate = KA-36
| website = {{URL|http://www.raichur.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
| official_name = Raichur
}}

'''Raichur''' (formerly '''Raichore'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://barry-lewis.com/research/cemeteries/raichur/ | title=Raichur District }}</ref>) is a city and [[municipality]] in the district of Raichur in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Karnataka]]. Raichur, located between [[Krishna]] and [[Tungabhadra]] rivers, is the headquarters of Raichur district. It is located 410 kms from the state capital, [[Bangalore]].

==History==
[[File:Iron Cannon On Hill Top Raichur.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Iron Cannon On Hill Top Raichur]]
The recorded history of the district is traced as far back as the third century B.C.E. The fact that three minor rock edicts of [[Ashoka]] are found in district one at Maski in the [[Lingasugur]] taluk and the other two near Koppal, which proves that this area was included in the dominions of the great [[Ashoka|Mauryan king Ashoka (273 - 236 B.C.E)]]. At that time, this region was under the governance of the Viceroy or Mahamatra of Ashoka. Thereafter, the district appears to have been a part of the kingdom of the [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahanas]]. The [[Vakataka dynasty|Vakatakas]], who reigned during the 3rd and 4th centuries CE, seems to have held sway over Raichur for some time, after which it appears to have been included in the [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba]] dominions. The next dynasty of importance, which ruled over this region, was that of the [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas of Badami]]. According to an [[Aihole inscription|inscription from Aihole]], [[Pulakeshin II]] having defeated the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]], occupied this area and made it a province in his empire under the governance of his son [[Adityavarman (Chalukya dynasty)|Adityavarma]]. Later the whole of the present Raichur district was included in the dominions of the [[Rashtrakutas]], who rose to power in the eighth century, as could be gathered from the inscriptions of that period found in this district. According to an inscription from [[Manvi]] taluk, Jagattunga, a subordinate ruler under the Rashtrakuta king [[Krishna III|Krishna-II]], was ruling the province of Adedore Eradusavirapranta, i.e., the area constituting the present Raichur district. [[Amoghavarsha|Amoghavarsha Nrupathunga I]], a Rashtrakuta king, has described Koppal in his Kannada work, [[Kavirajamarga]], as the great Kopananagara.<ref name=":0" />

Raichur has a rich history, having been a part of various empires, such as the [[Bahmanis|Bahmanis Sultanate]], [[Vijayanagara]], the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur and [[Nizam State|nizam of hyderabad]]. The city is famous for its imposing [[Raichur Fort]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web
|url=http://www.meraraichur.com/
|title=Welcome to Mera Raichur
|publisher=meraraichur.com
|access-date=17 October 2006
}}</ref> Here, stone inscriptions have been found in [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]], and [[Arabic language|Arabic]] which belonged to the bastion of the fort, referring to its construction in 1294.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://museums.ap.nic.in/manuscrip.html |title=Stone inscriptions |publisher=museums.ap.nic.in/ |access-date=17 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410001700/http://museums.ap.nic.in/manuscrip.html |archive-date=10 April 2009 }}</ref> Among the ruins of the immense fort are many [[irrigation tank]]s and old temples. The fort was built by [[Kakatiya]] king Rudra in 1284 CE which passed on to the Vijayanagar kingdom after the decline of the Kakatiyas. Thereafter the fort was under dispute for nearly two centuries. It was captured by the Bahmanis in 1323 CE. [[Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya]] expressed a wish in his testament that the city of Raichur be recaptured. This had been in the mind of Krishnadevaraya since his coronation in 1509. In the year 1520 Krishnadevaraya sent Saeed Maraikar, a Muslim in his service, to Goa with a large sum of money to buy horses. Maraikar instead went to Adil Khan with the money and offered his services. Krishnadevaraya made a demand that Maraikar be returned along with the money which was duly refused. During the period of peace, Krishnadevaraya made extensive preparations for a grand attack on Raichur doab. After the court decided that Raichur should be attacked the king invited all commanders (Nayakas) in his service to take part in the [[Battle of Raichur|battle]].

Raichur is very rich from the epigraphical point of view. It has already yielded hundreds of inscriptions, ranging from the [[Mauryan]] period up to the end of the Muslim period. The inscriptions are in a variety of languages such as [[Sanskrit]], [[Prakrit]], [[Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], Arabic, and Persian and belonging to almost all the dynasties that ruled over the Deccan. The most important places from this point of view are [[Maski]], [[Koppal]], [[Kuknur]], [[Hatti Gold Mines]], [[Mudgal]], [[Lingsugur]] and Raichur.<ref name="inscriptions">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CMskDQAAQBAJ&q=Telugu+inscriptions+in+karnataka&pg=PA421|title = The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India|isbn = 9780520245006|last1 = Pollock|first1 = Sheldon|date = 23 May 2006}}</ref>

The District of Raichur was a part of the [[Hyderabad State]] until the re-organisation of State on 1 November 1956.

==Geography==
Raichur is located at {{Coord|16.2|N|77.37|E|}} on [[Deccan plateau]].<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/19/Raichur.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Raichur]</ref> It has an average elevation of 407 metres (1335 ft)

The summers get really hot in this region with temperatures going beyond 40 °C. It receives rainfall during the months between May and August. Overall, the region is warm and humid during most part of the year.

==Demographics==
As of the 2001 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

Hinduism is majority religion in Raichur with 57.61% followers. Islam is second most popular religion in Raichur with approximately 39.87% following it. In Raichur, Christianity is followed by 1.18%, Jainism by 0.94%, Sikhism by 0.08% and Buddhism by 0.08%. Around 0.00% stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.29% stated 'No Particular Religion'.

===Languages===

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Raichur City (2011) Census
|label1 = [[Kannada]] |value1 = 37.10 |color1 = royalblue
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 29.87 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value3 = 25.71 |color3 = aqua
|label4 = Others |value4 = 7.32
|color4 = white}}

== Climate ==

{{Weather box
| location = Raichur (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 38.4
| Feb record high C = 43.5
| Mar record high C = 45.6
| Apr record high C = 46.0
| May record high C = 47.6
| Jun record high C = 46.0
| Jul record high C = 40.4
| Aug record high C = 39.3
| Sep record high C = 38.4
| Oct record high C = 37.6
| Nov record high C = 37.0
| Dec record high C = 38.4
| year record high C = 47.6
| Jan high C = 31.1
| Feb high C = 34.4
| Mar high C = 38.0
| Apr high C = 40.1
| May high C = 40.4
| Jun high C = 36.0
| Jul high C = 33.0
| Aug high C = 31.9
| Sep high C = 32.4
| Oct high C = 32.1
| Nov high C = 31.0
| Dec high C = 30.1
| year high C = 34.2
| Jan low C = 17.0
| Feb low C = 18.8
| Mar low C = 21.9
| Apr low C = 24.5
| May low C = 25.0
| Jun low C = 23.3
| Jul low C = 22.5
| Aug low C = 21.9
| Sep low C = 22.1
| Oct low C = 21.3
| Nov low C = 18.9
| Dec low C = 16.6
| year low C = 21.2
| Jan record low C = 7.1
| Feb record low C = 11.0
| Mar record low C = 13.0
| Apr record low C = 16.1
| May record low C = 15.4
| Jun record low C = 16.1
| Jul record low C = 17.0
| Aug record low C = 16.3
| Sep record low C = 16.4
| Oct record low C = 13.5
| Nov record low C = 8.5
| Dec record low C = 7.3
| year record low C = 7.1
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 3.2
| Feb rain mm = 4.0
| Mar rain mm = 3.6
| Apr rain mm = 17.7
| May rain mm = 45.5
| Jun rain mm = 106.2
| Jul rain mm = 124.6
| Aug rain mm = 128.5
| Sep rain mm = 152.4
| Oct rain mm = 117.7
| Nov rain mm = 19.7
| Dec rain mm = 5.1
| year rain mm = 728.2
| Jan rain days = 0.3
| Feb rain days = 0.2
| Mar rain days = 0.4
| Apr rain days = 1.5
| May rain days = 2.8
| Jun rain days = 6.4
| Jul rain days = 8.0
| Aug rain days = 8.1
| Sep rain days = 8.2
| Oct rain days = 5.1
| Nov rain days = 1.7
| Dec rain days = 0.3
| year rain days = 43.1
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 35
| Feb humidity = 29
| Mar humidity = 23
| Apr humidity = 24
| May humidity = 28
| Jun humidity = 46
| Jul humidity = 56
| Aug humidity = 59
| Sep humidity = 59
| Oct humidity = 54
| Nov humidity = 46
| Dec humidity = 40
|year humidity = 42
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Raichur Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 639–640
| access-date = 19 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M102
| access-date = 19 April 2020}}</ref>
}}

==See also==
* [[Raichur Airport]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061026102709/http://www.raichurcity.gov.in/ Raichur City Official Website]
* [http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/43169.html Weather in Raichur]
* [http://zpraichur.kar.nic.in Zilla Panchayat of Raichur]
* [http://www.karnataka.com/raichur/about-raichur]

{{Authority control}}

{{Raichur district}}

[[Category:Raichur| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Raichur district]]
[[Category:Cities in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Taluks of Karnataka]]

Raichur - Revision history

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