ChristenaMcGraw: Minor edits and structural improvements

2025-12-09T12:56:28Z

Minor edits and structural improvements

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:26, 9 December 2025
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	~~'''''Rai''''' ([[Sanskrit language\|Sanskrit]]:~~ {{~~lang~~\|~~sa\|राय~~}}; {{~~lang~~-ur\|{{~~Nastaliq~~\|~~رائے~~}}~~}}, {{transl\|sa\|~~''~~rāi~~''~~}}; {{lang-bn\|রায়}})~~ is a historical title of royalty and nobility in the [[Indian subcontinent]] used by rulers and chieftains of many [[princely states]]. It is derived from ''Raja'' (king~~, prince or chief~~). The Marathi/~~Telugu variant Rai~~ was used as a substitute to King.		{{Short description\|Indian honorific title}}
			{{pp-extended\|small=yes}}
			{{More citations needed\|date=June 2022}}

			'''Rai''' is a historical title of royalty and nobility in the [[Indian subcontinent]] used by rulers and chieftains of many [[princely states]]. It is derived from ''[[Raja]]'' (king). The Marathi variant [[Maratha titles\|Rao/Rav]] was used as a substitute to King.

	When [[Babur]] conquered [[Hindustan]], he found many principalities which had been subordinated by the Emperor of Hindustan and innumerable others which never have been effectively subdued. When [[Akbar]] ascended to the throne, Hindustan had numerous autonomous and semiautonomous rulers. These hereditary rulers were known by various names such as ''Rais'', ''Rajas'', ''Ranas'', and ''Rawals''.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Khan \|first=Ahsan Raza \|date=1977 \|title=Chieftains in the Mughal Empire during the reign of Akbar \|publisher=Simla \|language=en }}</ref>		When [[Babur]] conquered [[Hindustan]], he found many principalities which had been subordinated by the Emperor of Hindustan and innumerable others which never have been effectively subdued. When [[Akbar]] ascended to the throne, Hindustan had numerous autonomous and semiautonomous rulers. These hereditary rulers were known by various names such as ''Rais'', ''Rajas'', ''[[Rana (title)\|Ranas]]'', [[Rao (Indian surname)\|Rao]] and ''Rawals''.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Khan \|first=Ahsan Raza \|date=1977 \|title=Chieftains in the Mughal Empire during the reign of Akbar \|publisher=Simla \|language=en }}</ref>

			During Mughal rule, while conferring a title on a [[Hindus\|Hindu]] chief the word Raja or Rai was added to the name of person. The Mughals seems to have inherited the practice of bestowing titles from the Sultans of [[Delhi Sultanate\|Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book\|last=Phul \|first=R.K \|title=Armies of Great Mughal\|pages=198–199}}</ref> The appellation "Rai" is primarily applied to men, while for women the appellation "[[Rani]]" is used.

			During [[British Raj\|British Rule]], ''Rai Sahib'' and ''Rai Bahadur'' were titles of honour given for service of visionary leadership to the nation. They were given immense power too and were equivalent to autonomous native rulers within their feudal estates

			Other variations of ''Rai'' are ''Roy'', ''Ray'' and ''Rao''. These are also used as titles by [[Bhumihar]],<ref>{{cite book\|title=India's Communities vol 6\|page=471\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=bhumihars+use+thakur+title\|author=KS Singh\|date=1998 \|publisher=OUP\|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 \|quote=In Bihar , the Babhan are also known as Bhumihar Brahman . They have titles such as Rai , Singh , Pandey , Tiwari , Chaudhry and Thakur.}}</ref> [[Karan (caste)\|Karanas]], [[Kayastha\|Kayasthas]] and [[Ahir\|Ahirs]]. Rai was the title used by the [[Zamindar\|Zamindars]] (landowners) of Eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] during the colonial rule after the Permanent settlement system introduced in [[Bengal]]-Bihar and the state of [[Benares State\|Benaras]].

	~~During Mughal rule~~, ~~while conferring a title on a Hindu or Sikh Chief the word Raja or Rai was added to~~ the ~~name~~ of ~~person. The Mughals seems to have inherited~~ the ~~practice~~ of ~~bestowing~~ titles from the ~~Sultans of Delhi~~.<ref>{{cite ~~book~~\|~~last~~=~~Phul~~ \|~~first~~=~~R.K~~ \|~~title~~=~~Armies of Great Mughal\|pages=198–199~~}}</ref> ~~The appellation "Rai" is primarily applied to men, while for women the appellation "Rani" is used.~~		The descendants of these earlier rulers, chieftains and leaders still use these titles as patronymics, but these titles although having social acceptance and prestige as per local customs, holds no recognition and privilege in the eye of law after the abolition of titles in 1971 from the Indian Constitution.<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Gazette of India, 1971 \|year=1971 \|url=https://archive.org/stream/E13841971009161722/E-1384-1971-0091-61722_djvu.txt}}</ref>

	During [[British Raj\|British Rule]], ''Rai Sahib'' and ''Rai Bahadur'' were titles of honour given for service of visionary leadership to the nation. They were given immense power too and were equivalent to autonomous native rulers within their feudal estates. Other equivalent titles were ''Roy'' and ''Rao''.		== See also ==

	~~The descendants of these earlier rulers, chieftains and leaders still use these~~ titles as patronymics, but these titles although having social acceptance as per local customs, holds no recognition and privilege in the eye of law after the abolition of titles in 1971 from the Indian Constitution.<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Gazette of India, 1971 \|url=https://archive.org/stream/E13841971009161722/E-1384-1971-0091-61722_djvu.txt}}</ref>		* [[Maratha titles]]

	==References==		==References==
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	==Bibliography==		==Bibliography==
	*[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html WorldStatesmen - India]		*[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html WorldStatesmen – India]
	* {{citation \|last=Jain \|first=Vijay K. \|title=Acarya Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra: Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara \|date=2015 \|publisher=Vikalp Printers \|isbn=978-81-903639-7-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xI8HBgAAQBAJ \|quote={{PD-notice}} \|ref={{sfnref\|Vijay K. Jain\|2015}} }}		* {{citation \|last=Jain \|first=Vijay K. \|title=Acarya Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra: Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara \|date=2015 \|publisher=Vikalp Printers \|isbn=978-81-903639-7-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xI8HBgAAQBAJ \|quote={{PD-notice}} \|ref={{sfnref\|Vijay K. Jain\|2015}} }}
	*{{cite web\|url=http://scci.net.pk/pdetail.php?eid=739&mid=26\|title=Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce & Industry\|publisher=scci.net.pk\|access-date=2015-11-15}}		*{{cite web\|url=http://scci.net.pk/pdetail.php?eid=739&mid=26\|title=Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce & Industry\|publisher=scci.net.pk\|access-date=2015-11-15}}
	*{{cite book\|title=Federal & Provincial the Minor Acts: Civil & Criminal\|author1=Pakistan\|author2=Bhatti, R.M.Z.\|author3=Mushtaq, M.I.\|date=2013\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MLETnQEACAAJ\|access-date=2015-11-15}}		*{{cite book\|title=Federal & Provincial the Minor Acts: Civil & Criminal\|author1=Pakistan\|author2=Bhatti, R.M.Z.\|author3=Mushtaq, M.I.\|date=2013\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MLETnQEACAAJ\|access-date=2015-11-15}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:~~Rana~~}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Roy}}
	[[Category:Cultural history of India]]		[[Category:Cultural history of India]]
	[[Category:Royal titles]]		[[Category:Royal titles]]
	[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]]		[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]]
	[[Category:History of ~~India]]~~		[[Category:History of South Asia]]
	~~[[Category:History of Pakistan]]~~
	~~[[Category:History of Bangladesh]]~~
	~~[[Category:History of Nepal~~]]
	[[Category:Titles in India]]		[[Category:Titles in India]]
	~~[[Category:Rajput titles]]~~

2409:4055:4E0E:D67D:6D68:FEBA:5C9B:B378 at 10:34, 10 December 2021

2021-12-10T10:34:13Z

New page

'''''Rai''''' ([[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|राय}}; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|رائے}}}}, {{transl|sa|''rāi''}}; {{lang-bn|রায়}}) is a historical title of royalty and nobility in the [[Indian subcontinent]] used by rulers and chieftains of many [[princely states]]. It is derived from ''Raja'' (king, prince or chief). The Marathi/Telugu variant Rai was used as a substitute to King.

When [[Babur]] conquered [[Hindustan]], he found many principalities which had been subordinated by the Emperor of Hindustan and innumerable others which never have been effectively subdued. When [[Akbar]] ascended to the throne, Hindustan had numerous autonomous and semiautonomous rulers. These hereditary rulers were known by various names such as ''Rais'', ''Rajas'', ''Ranas'', and ''Rawals''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Ahsan Raza |date=1977 |title=Chieftains in the Mughal Empire during the reign of Akbar |publisher=Simla |language=en }}</ref>

During Mughal rule, while conferring a title on a Hindu or Sikh Chief the word Raja or Rai was added to the name of person. The Mughals seems to have inherited the practice of bestowing titles from the Sultans of Delhi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Phul |first=R.K |title=Armies of Great Mughal|pages=198–199}}</ref> The appellation "Rai" is primarily applied to men, while for women the appellation "Rani" is used.

During [[British Raj|British Rule]], ''Rai Sahib'' and ''Rai Bahadur'' were titles of honour given for service of visionary leadership to the nation. They were given immense power too and were equivalent to autonomous native rulers within their feudal estates. Other equivalent titles were ''Roy'' and ''Rao''.

The descendants of these earlier rulers, chieftains and leaders still use these titles as patronymics, but these titles although having social acceptance as per local customs, holds no recognition and privilege in the eye of law after the abolition of titles in 1971 from the Indian Constitution.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Gazette of India, 1971 |url=https://archive.org/stream/E13841971009161722/E-1384-1971-0091-61722_djvu.txt}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html WorldStatesmen - India]
* {{citation |last=Jain |first=Vijay K. |title=Acarya Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra: Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara |date=2015 |publisher=Vikalp Printers |isbn=978-81-903639-7-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xI8HBgAAQBAJ |quote={{PD-notice}} |ref={{sfnref|Vijay K. Jain|2015}} }}
*{{cite web|url=http://scci.net.pk/pdetail.php?eid=739&mid=26|title=Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce & Industry|publisher=scci.net.pk|access-date=2015-11-15}}
*{{cite book|title=Federal & Provincial the Minor Acts: Civil & Criminal|author1=Pakistan|author2=Bhatti, R.M.Z.|author3=Mushtaq, M.I.|date=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MLETnQEACAAJ|access-date=2015-11-15}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rana}}
[[Category:Cultural history of India]]
[[Category:Royal titles]]
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]]
[[Category:History of India]]
[[Category:History of Pakistan]]
[[Category:History of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:History of Nepal]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]
[[Category:Rajput titles]]

Rai (title) - Revision history

ChristenaMcGraw: Minor edits and structural improvements

2409:4055:4E0E:D67D:6D68:FEBA:5C9B:B378 at 10:34, 10 December 2021