Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram - Revision history

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	{{Short description\|A devotional song popularised by Gandhi}}		{{Short description\|A devotional song popularised by Gandhi}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}
	{{Hinduism}}		{{Hinduism}}
	"'''Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram'''" (also called '''Ram Dhun''') is a [[bhajan]] (devotional song) widely popularised by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and set to tune by [[Vishnu Digambar Paluskar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book \|last=Lal \|first=Vinay \|url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/gandhi/raghupati-raghav-rajaram/ \|title=Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence \|publisher=The Menil Collection \|year=2014 \|editor-last=Helfenstein \|editor-first=Josef \|location=Houston \|pages=244–45 \|chapter=Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram \|editor-last2=Newland \|editor-first2=Joseph N.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Dalton\|first=Dennis\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6AUDU_54PwC&pg=PA109\|title=Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action\|publisher=Columbia University Press\|year=1993\|isbn=0-231-12237-3\|page=109\|author-link=Dennis Dalton}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Sinha\|first=Manjari\|date=2008-08-08\|title=Tuned to excellence\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Tuned-to-excellence/article15399563.ece\|access-date=2009-04-27\|work=The Hindu}}</ref>		"'''Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram'''" (also called '''Ram Dhun''') is a [[bhajan]] (devotional song) widely popularised by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and set to tune by [[Vishnu Digambar Paluskar]] in [[Raga]] ''Mishra [[Gara (raga)\|Gara]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book \|last=Lal \|first=Vinay \|url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/gandhi/raghupati-raghav-rajaram/ \|title=Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence \|publisher=The Menil Collection \|year=2014 \|editor-last=Helfenstein \|editor-first=Josef \|location=Houston \|pages=244–45 \|chapter=Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram \|editor-last2=Newland \|editor-first2=Joseph N.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Dalton\|first=Dennis\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6AUDU_54PwC&pg=PA109\|title=Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action\|publisher=Columbia University Press\|year=1993\|isbn=0-231-12237-3\|page=109\|author-link=Dennis Dalton}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Sinha\|first=Manjari\|date=2008-08-08\|title=Tuned to excellence\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Tuned-to-excellence/article15399563.ece\|access-date=2009-04-27\|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==
	The precise origins of the ~~Ram Dhun~~ are not entirely clear.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Lal\|first=Vinay\|url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/gandhi/raghupati-raghav-rajaram/\|title=Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence\|publisher=The Menil Collection\|year=2014\|editor-last=Helfenstein\|editor-first=Josef\|location=Houston\|pages=244–45\|chapter=Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram\|editor-last2=Newland\|editor-first2=Joseph N.}}</ref> It is believed to have been either written by [[Tulsidas]] (or based on his work [[Ramcharitmanas]])<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Devi \|first=Vindhya Basini \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F45jAAAAMAAJ&q=%22%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A7+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%22 \|title=Loka-rāmāyaṇa: Śrīmad Gosvāmi Tulasīdāsa jī viracita Śrī Rāmacarita Mānasa para ādhārita \|date=1998 \|publisher=Madhyapradeśa Tulasī Akādemī \|language=hi \|author-link=Bindhyabasini Devi}}</ref> or based on a 17th-century sung-prayer by the [[Marathi people\|Marathi]] saint-poet [[Samarth Ramdas\|Ramdas]].<ref>{{cite thesis \|type=PhD \|last=Snodgrass \|first=Cynthia \|date=2007 \|title=The Sounds of Satyagraha : Mahatma Gandhi's Use of Sung-Prayers and Ritual \|publisher=University of Stirling \|url=https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/555/1/Sounds%20of%20Satyagraha.pdf \|pages=159}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gokhale \|first=Namita \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTknAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Marathi+saint-poet+Ramdas%22&pg=PT74 \|title=In Search Of Sita: Revisiting Mythology \|date=2009-10-15 \|publisher=Penguin UK \|isbn=978-93-5118-420-1 \|language=en \|author-link=Namita Gokhale}}</ref>		The precise origins of the song are not entirely clear.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Lal\|first=Vinay\|url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/gandhi/raghupati-raghav-rajaram/\|title=Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence\|publisher=The Menil Collection\|year=2014\|editor-last=Helfenstein\|editor-first=Josef\|location=Houston\|pages=244–45\|chapter=Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram\|editor-last2=Newland\|editor-first2=Joseph N.}}</ref> It is believed to have been either written by [[Tulsidas]] (or based on his work [[Ramcharitmanas]])<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Devi \|first=Vindhya Basini \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F45jAAAAMAAJ&q=%22%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A7+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%22 \|title=Loka-rāmāyaṇa: Śrīmad Gosvāmi Tulasīdāsa jī viracita Śrī Rāmacarita Mānasa para ādhārita \|date=1998 \|publisher=Madhyapradeśa Tulasī Akādemī \|language=hi \|author-link=Bindhyabasini Devi}}</ref> or based on a 17th-century sung-prayer by the [[Marathi people\|Marathi]] saint-poet [[Samarth Ramdas\|Ramdas]].<ref>{{cite thesis \|type=PhD \|last=Snodgrass \|first=Cynthia \|date=2007 \|title=The Sounds of Satyagraha : Mahatma Gandhi's Use of Sung-Prayers and Ritual \|publisher=University of Stirling
			\|url=https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/555/1/Sounds%20of%20Satyagraha.pdf \|pages=159}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gokhale \|first=Namita \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTknAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Marathi+saint-poet+Ramdas%22&pg=PT74 \|title=In Search Of Sita: Revisiting Mythology \|date=2009-10-15 \|publisher=Penguin UK \|isbn=978-93-5118-420-1 \|language=en \|author-link=Namita Gokhale}}</ref>

	[[Anthony Parel]] writes,<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Parel \|first=Anthony J. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQhz0fW0HZUC \|title=Gandhi's Philosophy and the Quest for Harmony \|date=2006-08-10 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-86715-3 \|pages=167 \|language=en}}</ref>		[[Anthony Parel]] writes in ''Gandhi's Philosophy and the Quest for Harmony'',<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Parel \|first=Anthony J. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQhz0fW0HZUC \|title=Gandhi's Philosophy and the Quest for Harmony \|date=2006-08-10 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-86715-3 \|pages=167 \|language=en}}</ref>

	{{Quote\|text=[t]he origin of Ramdhun is shrouded in legend. According to the legend that he preferred it was composed by the great Hindu poet Tulsidas (1532-1623). While on a pilgrimage visiting the Vishnu temple of Dakore, Northern India, Tulsidas was moved to bargain with Vishnu. Until Vishnu revealed himself as Rama he would not bow his head in prayer. His wish was promptly granted: Rama appeared in his mind with his wife Sita, and three of their devotees. Hence, explains Gandhi, "Ramdhun, meaning intoxication with God [Ram]\|author=\|title=}}		{{Quote\|text=[t]he origin of Ramdhun is shrouded in legend. According to the legend that he preferred it was composed by the great Hindu poet Tulsidas (1532-1623). While on a pilgrimage visiting the Vishnu temple of Dakore, Northern India, Tulsidas was moved to bargain with Vishnu. Until Vishnu revealed himself as Rama he would not bow his head in prayer. His wish was promptly granted: Rama appeared in his mind with his wife Sita, and three of their devotees. Hence, explains Gandhi, "Ramdhun, meaning intoxication with God [Ram]\|author=\|title=}}
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	:We all request that this eternal wisdom of humankind prevail.		:We all request that this eternal wisdom of humankind prevail.
	\|}		\|}
	There is a popular misconception that the song is derived from the Nama Ramayana written by 17th-century [[Vaishnavism\|Vaishnava]] poet Lakshmanacharya,<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2020-10-02 \|title=On Gandhi Jayanti 2020, 'Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram' gets a new spin \|url=https://zeenews.india.com/music/on-gandhi-jayanti-2020-raghupati-raghav-raja-ram-gets-a-new-spin-2314085.html \|access-date=2022-05-07 \|website=Zee News \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=Is the Hindu Right's Appropriation of Gandhi Possible? \|url=https://thewire.in/history/hindu-rights-gandhi-appropriation \|access-date=2022-05-07 \|website=The Wire}}</ref> with the original lyrics as "''raghupati rāghava rājā rām, patita pāvana sītārām; sundara vigraha mēghasḥyām, gangā tuḷasi sḥālagrām'' ..." instead of "''raghupati rāghava rājārāma, patita pāvana sītārāma ... īśvara allāha tero nāma saba ko sanmati de bhagavāna'' ..."<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Shivakumar\|first=K. N.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgAUEAAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B5+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE&pg=PA67\|title=Shlokas and Bhajans: with general knowledge and subhashitams\|date=2021-01-14\|publisher=Sangeet Bharati\|language=en}}</ref>

	==In popular culture==		==In popular culture==

	* Elements of the chant were included in the song "Utho Utho he Bharat" in the movie ''[[Bharat Milap]]'' (1942),<ref>{{Citation\|title=Utho Utho He Bharat Tumhaare - उठो-उठो हे भरत तुम्हारे\|url=https://www.hindigeetmala.net/song/utho_utho_he_bharat_tumhaare.htm\|language=en\|access-date=2020-06-28}}</ref> in songs of ''[[Shri Ram Bhakta Hanuman]]'' (1948), the song "De Dii Hamen Aazaadii" in the movie ''[[Jagriti]]'' (1954),<ref>{{Cite web\|title=दे दी हमें आज़ादी बिना खड्ग बिना ढाल - de dii hame.n aazaadii binaa khaD.hg binaa Dhaal / जागृति-(Jaagriti)\|url=https://www.lyricsindia.net/songs/2336\|access-date=2020-06-28\|website=www.lyricsindia.net}}</ref> ''[[Purab Aur Paschim]]'' (1970) and in the film ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998), in the [[Kannada]] film ''[[Gandhinagara]]'' (1968), in the British-Indian movie ''[[Gandhi (movie)\|Gandhi]]'' (1982), in the film ''[[Gandhi, My Father]]'' (2007), in [[Satyagraha – Democracy Under Fire\|''Satyagraha'']] (2013), and also in ''[[Krrish 3]]'' (2013).		* Elements of the chant were included in the song "Utho Utho he Bharat" in the movie ''[[Bharat Milap]]'' (1942),<ref>{{Citation\|title=Utho Utho He Bharat Tumhaare - उठो-उठो हे भरत तुम्हारे\|url=https://www.hindigeetmala.net/song/utho_utho_he_bharat_tumhaare.htm\|language=en\|access-date=2020-06-28}}</ref> in songs of ''[[Shri Ram Bhakta Hanuman]]'' (1948), the song "De Dii Hamen Aazaadii" in the movie ''[[Jagriti]]'' (1954),<ref>{{Cite web\|title=दे दी हमें आज़ादी बिना खड्ग बिना ढाल - de dii hame.n aazaadii binaa khaD.hg binaa Dhaal / जागृति-(Jaagriti)\|url=https://www.lyricsindia.net/songs/2336\|access-date=2020-06-28\|website=www.lyricsindia.net}}</ref> ''[[Purab Aur Paschim]]'' (1970)<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Purab aur Pachhim {{!}} Indian Cinema - The University of Iowa \|url=https://indiancinema.sites.uiowa.edu/purab-aur-pachhim \|access-date= \|website=indiancinema.sites.uiowa.edu \|language=en \|quote=There is also Francis, a French hippie pal of Orphan, who sacrifices his life to save Bharat in a club brawl and then dies requesting, "Pour l'amour de Dieu....votre chanson" (i.e., the Gandhian anthem Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram), while cradled in Bharat and Orphan’s arms in an amazing intercultural pieta.}}</ref> and in the film ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998),<ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JDpLqgaCVhQC&q=%22Raghupati+Raghav+Raja+Ram%22 \|title=Indian Horizons \|date=2008 \|publisher=Indian Council for Cultural Relations. \|pages=55 \|language=en \|quote=...band of boisterous hippies who energetically throw themselves into singing, "<i>Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram</i>." The re-working of one of Gandhi's favourite hymn is effected through wit, humour, irony and even irreverence.}}</ref> in the [[Kannada]] film ''[[Gandhinagara]]'' (1968),<ref>{{Citation \|title=Gandhinagara {{!}} Raghupathi Raghava song \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJKhT4I_bPs \|language=en \|access-date=2022-08-27}}</ref> in the British-Indian movie ''[[Gandhi (movie)\|Gandhi]]'' (1982),<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2014-10-18 \|title=Songs for the 'Great Soul' \|url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/archived/rhythmdivine/songs-for-the-27great-soul27/5813272 \|access-date=2022-08-27 \|website=ABC Radio National \|language=en-AU}}</ref> in the film ''[[Gandhi, My Father]]'' (2007),<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Gandhi My Father: 'Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram' song {{!}} Entertainment - Times of India Videos \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/gandhi-my-father-raghupati-raghav-raja-ram-song/videoshow/47894591.cms \|access-date=2022-08-27 \|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com \|language=en}}</ref> in [[Satyagraha – Democracy Under Fire\|''Satyagraha'']] (2013),<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Gandhiji's Raghupati Raghav modified for 'Satyagraha' - Times of India \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/gandhijis-raghupati-raghav-modified-for-satyagraha/articleshow/21367641.cms \|access-date=2022-08-27 \|website=The Times of India \|language=en}}</ref> and also in ''[[Krrish 3]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2013-09-12 \|title=Watch: 'Raghupati Raghav',a new party anthem from Hrithik Roshan's 'Krrish 3' \|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/watch-raghupati-raghav-a-new-party-anthem-from-hrithik-roshans-krrish-3/ \|access-date=2022-08-27 \|website=The Indian Express \|language=en}}</ref>
	* The song is an important [[Motif (literature)\|motif]] in the 2006 [[Bollywood]] film, ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'', and is featured in the movie.		* The song is an important [[Motif (literature)\|motif]] in the 2006 [[Bollywood]] film, ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'', and is featured in the movie.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Chopra \|first=Vinod \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4rFDAAAQBAJ \|title=Lage Raho Munna Bhai \|date=2010 \|publisher=Om Books International \|isbn=978-93-80069-75-3 \|language=en}}</ref>
	* "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" was the title ~~of a [[Tamil~~ language~~\|Tamil]] movie produced in 1977.~~		* [[Pete Seeger]] included "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" on his album "Strangers and Cousins" (1964)<ref>{{Citation \|title=Pete Seeger - Strangers And Cousins \|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/5042126-Pete-Seeger-Strangers-And-Cousins \|language=en \|access-date=2022-08-27}}</ref> and performed it in Episode 10 of his television series [[Rainbow Quest]].{{cn\|date=August 2022}}
	* [[Pete Seeger]] included "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" on his album "Strangers and Cousins" (1964) and performed it in Episode 10 of his television series [[Rainbow Quest]].		* The game [[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]] featured [[Ananda Shankar]]'s version on one of the in-game radio stations, "Radio del Mundo".<ref>{{Citation \|title=GTA Liberty City Stories (Radio Del Mundo) Ananda Shankar - Raghupati \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcIfcUn-R54 \|language=en \|access-date=2022-08-27}}</ref>
	* [[Sheila Chandra]] recorded a version titled ''Bhajan'' on her 1992 album ''Weaving My Ancestors' Voices''.
	* Many singers such as [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Jagjit Singh]], [[K.S.Chithra]] have recorded the song.
	* The game [[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]] featured [[Ananda Shankar]]'s version on one of the in-game radio stations, "Radio del Mundo".
	* The arrangement by Jyotishka Dasgupta is an official piece of Grade 2 Electronic Keyboard from [[Trinity College London]], where it is simply named ''Bhajan''.

	==See also==		==See also==
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	[[Category:Cultural depictions of Mahatma Gandhi]]		[[Category:Cultural depictions of Mahatma Gandhi]]
	[[Category:Bhakti movement]]		[[Category:Bhakti movement]]
			[[Category:Bhajan]]
			[[Category:Hindu devotional songs]]

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← Older revision		Revision as of 20:03, 29 June 2022
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			{{Short description\|A devotional song popularised by Gandhi}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2020}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2020}}
	{{Hinduism}}		{{Hinduism}}
	"'''Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram'''" (also called '''Ram Dhun''') is a [[bhajan]] (devotional song) widely popularised by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and set to tune by [[Vishnu Digambar Paluskar]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Dalton\|first=Dennis\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6AUDU_54PwC&pg=PA109\|title=Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action\|publisher=Columbia University Press\|year=1993\|isbn=0-231-12237-3\|page=109\|author-link=Dennis Dalton}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Sinha\|first=Manjari\|date=2008-08-08\|title=Tuned to excellence\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Tuned-to-excellence/article15399563.ece\|access-date=2009-04-27\|work=The Hindu}}</ref>		"'''Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram'''" (also called '''Ram Dhun''') is a [[bhajan]] (devotional song) widely popularised by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and set to tune by [[Vishnu Digambar Paluskar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book \|last=Lal \|first=Vinay \|url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/gandhi/raghupati-raghav-rajaram/ \|title=Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence \|publisher=The Menil Collection \|year=2014 \|editor-last=Helfenstein \|editor-first=Josef \|location=Houston \|pages=244–45 \|chapter=Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram \|editor-last2=Newland \|editor-first2=Joseph N.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Dalton\|first=Dennis\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6AUDU_54PwC&pg=PA109\|title=Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action\|publisher=Columbia University Press\|year=1993\|isbn=0-231-12237-3\|page=109\|author-link=Dennis Dalton}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Sinha\|first=Manjari\|date=2008-08-08\|title=Tuned to excellence\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Tuned-to-excellence/article15399563.ece\|access-date=2009-04-27\|work=The Hindu}}</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==
	The precise origins of the ~~Ramdhun~~ are not entirely clear ~~and the composer remains unknown~~.<ref ~~name=":0"~~>{{Cite book\|last=Lal\|first=Vinay\|url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/gandhi/raghupati-raghav-rajaram/\|title=Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence\|publisher=The Menil Collection\|year=2014\|editor-last=Helfenstein\|editor-first=Josef\|location=Houston\|pages=244–45\|chapter=Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram\|editor-last2=Newland\|editor-first2=Joseph N.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite ~~web~~\|title=Is the ~~Hindu Right~~'s ~~Appropriation~~ of ~~Gandhi Possible?~~\|url=https://~~thewire~~.in/~~history~~/~~hindu~~-~~rights~~-~~gandhi~~-~~appropriation~~\|~~access~~-~~date=2021~~-06-22\|~~website~~=~~The Wire~~}}</ref>		The precise origins of the Ram Dhun are not entirely clear.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Lal\|first=Vinay\|url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/gandhi/raghupati-raghav-rajaram/\|title=Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence\|publisher=The Menil Collection\|year=2014\|editor-last=Helfenstein\|editor-first=Josef\|location=Houston\|pages=244–45\|chapter=Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram\|editor-last2=Newland\|editor-first2=Joseph N.}}</ref> It is believed to have been either written by [[Tulsidas]] (or based on his work [[Ramcharitmanas]])<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Devi \|first=Vindhya Basini \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F45jAAAAMAAJ&q=%22%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A7+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%22 \|title=Loka-rāmāyaṇa: Śrīmad Gosvāmi Tulasīdāsa jī viracita Śrī Rāmacarita Mānasa para ādhārita \|date=1998 \|publisher=Madhyapradeśa Tulasī Akādemī \|language=hi \|author-link=Bindhyabasini Devi}}</ref> or based on a 17th-century sung-prayer by the [[Marathi people\|Marathi]] saint-poet [[Samarth Ramdas\|Ramdas]].<ref>{{cite thesis \|type=PhD \|last=Snodgrass \|first=Cynthia \|date=2007 \|title=The Sounds of Satyagraha : Mahatma Gandhi's Use of Sung-Prayers and Ritual \|publisher=University of Stirling \|url=https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/555/1/Sounds%20of%20Satyagraha.pdf \|pages=159}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gokhale \|first=Namita \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTknAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Marathi+saint-poet+Ramdas%22&pg=PT74 \|title=In Search Of Sita: Revisiting Mythology \|date=2009-10-15 \|publisher=Penguin UK \|isbn=978-93-5118-420-1 \|language=en \|author-link=Namita Gokhale}}</ref>

	~~The song was extensively used by~~ [[~~Mahatma Gandhi~~]] ~~to project a secular and composite vision of Indian society — it was sung during the [[Salt March\|1930 Salt March]].~~<ref>{{~~cite web~~\|url= ~~http~~://~~www~~.~~sscnet~~.~~ucla.edu~~/~~southasia/History/Gandhi/Dandi.html~~\|title=~~Dandi: Salt March~~ \|~~access-~~date= ~~2007~~-11-16 \|publisher=~~Lal, Vinay.~~ University ~~of California, Los Angeles~~ }}</ref>~~<ref name~~=":1">{{Cite ~~web~~\|~~date~~=~~2019-10-02~~\|title=~~On Gandhi Jayanti, remembering Mahatma~~'~~s most beloved hymns — from~~ Raghupati ~~Raghava~~ Raja Ram to ~~Lead, Kindly Light~~-~~Living News , Firstpost~~\|url=https://~~www~~.~~firstpost~~.com/~~living/on~~-~~gandhi~~-~~jayanti~~-~~remembering-mahatmas-most-beloved-hymns-from-raghupati-raghava-raja-ram~~-to-~~lead~~-~~kindly-light-7431061.html~~\|access-date=~~2021-06-22~~\|~~website~~=~~Firstpost~~}}</ref>		[[Anthony Parel]] writes,<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Parel \|first=Anthony J. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQhz0fW0HZUC \|title=Gandhi's Philosophy and the Quest for Harmony \|date=2006-08-10 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=978-0-521-86715-3 \|pages=167 \|language=en}}</ref>

			{{Quote\|text=[t]he origin of Ramdhun is shrouded in legend. According to the legend that he preferred it was composed by the great Hindu poet Tulsidas (1532-1623). While on a pilgrimage visiting the Vishnu temple of Dakore, Northern India, Tulsidas was moved to bargain with Vishnu. Until Vishnu revealed himself as Rama he would not bow his head in prayer. His wish was promptly granted: Rama appeared in his mind with his wife Sita, and three of their devotees. Hence, explains Gandhi, "Ramdhun, meaning intoxication with God [Ram]\|author=\|title=}}

			There have been many versions of the Ramdhun, and the version that Mahatma Gandhi used had an "ecumenical flavour" to it. Gandhi modified the original bhajan, adding that the ''Ishwar'' of the Hindus and the ''Allah'' of the Muslims were one and the same,<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Thapar \|first=Romesh \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HoBDAAAAYAAJ&q=Tulsidas \|title=Seminar \|publisher= \|year=1998 \|pages= \|language= \|quote=Rarely do they bother to point to his innovation of adding ''Ishwar Allah Tero Naam'' to the Tulsidas Ram dhun ''Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram''. \|author-link=Romesh Thapar}}</ref> to make the song more secular-looking and to spread the message of reconciliation between Hindus and Muslims.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Handoo\|first=Jawaharlal\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ThbaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22raghupati+raghav+raja+ram%22\|title=Folklore in Modern India\|date=1998\|publisher=Central Institute of Indian Languages\|isbn=978-81-7342-053-5\|language=en}}</ref> The song was extensively used to project a secular and composite vision of Indian society — it was sung during the [[Salt March\|1930 Salt March]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=Dandi: Salt March \|url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/gandhi/dandi-march/ \|access-date= \|publisher=Lal, Vinay. University of California, Los Angeles}}</ref>

			== Lyrics ==
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+Lyrics of the Ramdhun		\|+Lyrics of the Ramdhun (Gandhi's version)
	!Hindi<ref name="Beck2006">{{cite book\|author=Guy L. Beck\|title=Sacred Sound: Experiencing Music in World Religions\|date=17 July 2006\|publisher=Wilfrid Laurier University Press\|isbn=978-0-88920-421-8\|editor=Guy L. Beck\|page=137\|chapter=Hinduism and music\|author-link=Guy Beck\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-IeHbqAfSsC&pg=FA137}}</ref>		!Hindi<ref name="Beck2006">{{cite book\|author=Guy L. Beck\|title=Sacred Sound: Experiencing Music in World Religions\|date=17 July 2006\|publisher=Wilfrid Laurier University Press\|isbn=978-0-88920-421-8\|editor=Guy L. Beck\|page=137\|chapter=Hinduism and music\|author-link=Guy Beck\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-IeHbqAfSsC&pg=FA137}}</ref>
	!Transliteration ([[IAST]])<ref name="Beck2006" />		!Transliteration ([[IAST]])<ref name="Beck2006" />
Line 54:		Line 60:
	:We all request that this eternal wisdom of humankind prevail.		:We all request that this eternal wisdom of humankind prevail.
	\|}		\|}
			There is a popular misconception that the song is derived from the Nama Ramayana written by 17th-century [[Vaishnavism\|Vaishnava]] poet Lakshmanacharya,<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2020-10-02 \|title=On Gandhi Jayanti 2020, 'Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram' gets a new spin \|url=https://zeenews.india.com/music/on-gandhi-jayanti-2020-raghupati-raghav-raja-ram-gets-a-new-spin-2314085.html \|access-date=2022-05-07 \|website=Zee News \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=Is the Hindu Right's Appropriation of Gandhi Possible? \|url=https://thewire.in/history/hindu-rights-gandhi-appropriation \|access-date=2022-05-07 \|website=The Wire}}</ref> with the original lyrics as "''raghupati rāghava rājā rām, patita pāvana sītārām; sundara vigraha mēghasḥyām, gangā tuḷasi sḥālagrām'' ..." instead of "''raghupati rāghava rājārāma, patita pāvana sītārāma ... īśvara allāha tero nāma saba ko sanmati de bhagavāna'' ..."<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Shivakumar\|first=K. N.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgAUEAAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B5+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE&pg=PA67\|title=Shlokas and Bhajans: with general knowledge and subhashitams\|date=2021-01-14\|publisher=Sangeet Bharati\|language=en}}</ref>

	==In popular culture==		==In popular culture==

	* Elements of the chant were included in the song "Utho Utho he Bharat" in the movie ''[[Bharat Milap]]'' (1942),<ref>{{Citation\|title=Utho Utho He Bharat Tumhaare - उठो-उठो हे भरत तुम्हारे\|url=https://www.hindigeetmala.net/song/utho_utho_he_bharat_tumhaare.htm\|language=en\|access-date=2020-06-28}}</ref> in songs of ''[[Shri Ram Bhakta Hanuman]]'' (1948), the song "De Dii Hamen Aazaadii" in the movie ''[[Jagriti]]'' (1954),<ref>{{Cite web\|title=दे दी हमें आज़ादी बिना खड्ग बिना ढाल - de dii hame.n aazaadii binaa khaD.hg binaa Dhaal / जागृति-(Jaagriti)\|url=https://www.lyricsindia.net/songs/2336\|access-date=2020-06-28\|website=www.lyricsindia.net}}</ref> ''[[Purab Aur Paschim]]'' (1970) and in the film ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998), in the [[Kannada]] film ''[[Gandhinagara]]'' (1968), in the British-Indian movie ''[[Gandhi (movie)\|Gandhi]]'' (1982), in the film ''[[Gandhi, My Father]]'' (2007), ~~and~~ in [[Satyagraha – Democracy Under Fire\|''Satyagraha'']] (2013).		* Elements of the chant were included in the song "Utho Utho he Bharat" in the movie ''[[Bharat Milap]]'' (1942),<ref>{{Citation\|title=Utho Utho He Bharat Tumhaare - उठो-उठो हे भरत तुम्हारे\|url=https://www.hindigeetmala.net/song/utho_utho_he_bharat_tumhaare.htm\|language=en\|access-date=2020-06-28}}</ref> in songs of ''[[Shri Ram Bhakta Hanuman]]'' (1948), the song "De Dii Hamen Aazaadii" in the movie ''[[Jagriti]]'' (1954),<ref>{{Cite web\|title=दे दी हमें आज़ादी बिना खड्ग बिना ढाल - de dii hame.n aazaadii binaa khaD.hg binaa Dhaal / जागृति-(Jaagriti)\|url=https://www.lyricsindia.net/songs/2336\|access-date=2020-06-28\|website=www.lyricsindia.net}}</ref> ''[[Purab Aur Paschim]]'' (1970) and in the film ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998), in the [[Kannada]] film ''[[Gandhinagara]]'' (1968), in the British-Indian movie ''[[Gandhi (movie)\|Gandhi]]'' (1982), in the film ''[[Gandhi, My Father]]'' (2007), in [[Satyagraha – Democracy Under Fire\|''Satyagraha'']] (2013), and also in ''[[Krrish 3]]'' (2013).
			* The song is an important [[Motif (literature)\|motif]] in the 2006 [[Bollywood]] film, ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'', and is featured in the movie.
	* "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" was the title of a [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] movie produced in 1977.		* "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" was the title of a [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] movie produced in 1977.
	* [[Pete Seeger]] included "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" on his album "Strangers and Cousins" (1964) and performed it in Episode 10 of his television series [[Rainbow Quest]].		* [[Pete Seeger]] included "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" on his album "Strangers and Cousins" (1964) and performed it in Episode 10 of his television series [[Rainbow Quest]].
	* [[Sheila Chandra]] recorded a version titled ''Bhajan'' on her 1992 album ''Weaving My Ancestors' Voices''.		* [[Sheila Chandra]] recorded a version titled ''Bhajan'' on her 1992 album ''Weaving My Ancestors' Voices''.
	* Many singers such as [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Jagjit Singh]], [[K.S.Chithra]] have recorded the song.		* Many singers such as [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Jagjit Singh]], [[K.S.Chithra]] have recorded the song.
	* The game [[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]] featured ~~the song~~ on one of the radio stations [[Radio ~~Del~~ Mundo~~]].~~		* The game [[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]] featured [[Ananda Shankar]]'s version on one of the in-game radio stations, "Radio del Mundo".
	*The song is an important [[Motif (literature)\|motif]] in the 2006 [[Bollywood]] film, ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'', and is featured in the movie		* The arrangement by Jyotishka Dasgupta is an official piece of Grade 2 Electronic Keyboard from [[Trinity College London]], where it is simply named ''Bhajan''.
	* [[Rakesh Roshan]]'s superhero film [[Krrish 3]] contains a song named "Raghupati Raghav".
	* The arrangement by Jyotishka Dasgupta is an official piece of Grade 2 Electronic Keyboard from [[Trinity College London]], where it is simply named ''Bhajan''.

	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[Vaishnava ~~jana to~~]]		* [[Vaishnava Jana To]]
	* [[Hari Tuma Haro]]		* [[Hari Tuma Haro]]
	* [[Hanuman Chalisa]]		* [[Hanuman Chalisa]]
	* [[Shri Ramachandra Kripalu]]		* [[Shri Ramachandra Kripalu]]
	* [[Thumak Chalat Ram Chandra]]		* [[Thumak Chalat Ram Chandra]]

	~~==Notes==~~
	~~{{reflist\|group=note}}~~

	==References==		==References==

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{{pp-protected|reason=Persistent addition of [[WP:INTREF|unsourced or poorly sourced content]]|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
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{{Hinduism}}
'''''Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram''''' (also called '''Ram Dhun''') is a notable [[bhajan]] ([[Hindu]] devotional song) widely popularised by [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dalton |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Dalton |page=109|title=Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action |year=1993 |publisher=Columbia University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6AUDU_54PwC&pg=PA109 |isbn=0-231-12237-3}}</ref> The most popular version of this bhajan was set to tune by Hindustani classical musician, [[Pandit Vishnu Digambar Paluskar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Arunachalam|first=Param|date=2015-10-02|title=Gandhi Jayanti: Remembering Bapuji through 5 evocative songs|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/column-gandhi-jayanti-remembering-bapuji-through-5-evocative-songs-2130616|access-date=2020-08-15|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref>

== Origins ==
The precise origins of the Ramdhun are not entirely clear;<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lal|first=Vinay|url=https://southasia.ucla.edu/history-politics/gandhi/raghupati-raghav-rajaram/|title=Experiments with Truth: Gandhi and Images of Nonviolence|publisher=The Menil Collection|year=2014|editor-last=Helfenstein|editor-first=Josef|location=Houston|pages=244-45|chapter=Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram|editor-last2=Newland|editor-first2=Joseph N.}}</ref> but it is likely derived from the ''[[Ramcharitmanas]]'', written by [[Tulsidas]].

''Loka-Rāmāyaṇa—'' a collection of folk songs based on the Ramcharitmanas— compiled by folk musician [[Bindhyabasini Devi]], has this ''loka bhajan'' in ''kirtan dhun:''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vohra|first=Asha Rani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a5nX7-fA9n4C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA104&dq=%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3&hl=en|title=Nari Kalakar|date=2009-01-01|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|isbn=978-81-907341-1-0|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Devi|first=Vindhya Basini|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F45jAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&q=%22%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A7+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A5%A4%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%22&hl=en|title=Loka-rāmāyaṇa: Śrīmad Gosvāmi Tulasīdāsa jī viracita Śrī Rāmacarita Mānasa para ādhārita|date=1998|publisher=Madhyapradeśa Tulasī Akādemī|language=hi}}</ref>

: रघुपति राघव राजा राम । पतित पावन सीताराम ॥
: जय रघुनन्दन जय घनश्याम । जानकी बल्लभ सीताराम ॥
: निस दिन रटु मन जपु मन नाम । अबध सरयु सीताराम ॥
: सरयु धन धन अजोधा धाम । जहां बिराजत सीताराम ॥
: सुमिरन कर मन आठों याम । अबध सरयु सीताराम ॥
==Gandhi's version==
This is the most common version, created by Mahatma Gandhi and put to music by [[Vishnu Digambar Paluskar]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Tuned-to-excellence/article15399563.ece|title=Tuned to excellence|last=Sinha |first=Manjari|date=2008-08-08|work=The Hindu|access-date=2009-04-27}}</ref> which was sung by Gandhi and his followers as they walked the 241 mile (387 km) [[Salt Satyagraha|Salt March to Dandi]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Gandhi/Dandi.html|title=Dandi: Salt March |access-date= 2007-11-16 |publisher=Lal, Vinay. University of California, Los Angeles }}</ref>

The [[Hindi]] lyrics of the ''bhajan'' along with their translation, by historian and musicologist Guy Beck, are as follows:<ref name="Beck2006">{{cite book|author=Guy L. Beck|author-link=Guy Beck|editor=Guy L. Beck|title=Sacred Sound: Experiencing Music in World Religions|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-IeHbqAfSsC&pg=FA137|date=17 July 2006|publisher=Wilfrid Laurier University Press|isbn=978-0-88920-421-8|page=137|chapter=Hinduism and music}}</ref>

'''Hindi''', created by Mahatma Gandhi
:रघुपति राघव राजाराम,
:पतित पावन सीताराम

:सीताराम सीताराम,
:भज प्यारे तू सीताराम

:ईश्वर अल्लाह तेरो नाम,
:सब को सन्मति दे भगवान

:राम रहीम करीम समान
:हम सब है उनकी संतान

:सब मिला मांगे यह वरदान
:हमारा रहे मानव का ज्ञान

'''Transliteration''' ([[IAST]])
:raghupati rāghava rājārāma,
:patita pāvana sītārāma

:sītārāma, sītārāma,
:bhaja pyāre tu sītārāma

:ishwara allaha tero nāma
:saba ko sanmati de bhagavāna

:rāma rahīma karīma samāna
:hama saba hai unaki santāna

:saba milā māṅge yaha varadāna
:hamārā rahe mānava kā jñāna

'''Translation'''
:O [[Rama|Lord Rama]], descendant of Raghu, Uplifter of the fallen.
:You and your beloved consort [[Sita]] are to be worshipped.
:All names of God refer to the same Supreme Being,
::including [[Ishvara]] and the Muslim [[Allah]].
:O Lord, Please give peace and brotherhood to everyone,
::as we are all your children.
:We all request that this eternal wisdom of humankind prevail.
Gandhi modified the original ''bhajan'' by adding the mention of Allah, to make the song more secular-looking and to spread the message of reconciliation between Hindus and Muslims.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Handoo|first=Jawaharlal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ThbaAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22raghupati+raghav+raja+ram%22&q=%22raghupati+raghav+raja+ram%22&hl=en|title=Folklore in Modern India|date=1998|publisher=Central Institute of Indian Languages|isbn=978-81-7342-053-5|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-10-02|title=On Gandhi Jayanti, remembering Mahatma's most beloved hymns — from Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram to Lead, Kindly Light-Living News , Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/on-gandhi-jayanti-remembering-mahatmas-most-beloved-hymns-from-raghupati-raghava-raja-ram-to-lead-kindly-light-7431061.html|access-date=2021-06-22|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

== "Original" version ==
The following is considered by many to be the original version; allegedly taken from ''Shri Nama Ramayanam'', written by "17th-century [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] poet Shri Lakshmanacharya":<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Is the Hindu Right’s Appropriation of Gandhi Possible?|url=https://thewire.in/history/hindu-rights-gandhi-appropriation|access-date=2021-06-22|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Shivakumar|first=K. N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgAUEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA67&dq=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B5+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE&hl=en|title=Shlokas and Bhajans: with general knowledge and subhashitams|date=2021-01-14|publisher=Sangeet Bharati|language=en}}</ref>

: रघुपति राघव राजा राम ।
: पतित पावन सीताराम ॥प॥

: सुंदर विग्रह मेघश्याम
: गंगा तुलसी शालग्राम
: भद्रगिरीश्वर सीताराम
: भक्तजनप्रिय सीताराम
: जानकीरमण सीताराम
: जयजय राघव सीताराम ॥१॥

: जल में राम ताल में राम
: सारे जग में तू हि राम
: राम राम राम राम
: प्रेम से बोलो जै सियाराम ॥२॥

: कौसल्या के प्यारे राम
: दशरथ राज दुलारे राम
: राम राम राम राम
: प्रेम से बोलो जै सियाराम ॥३॥

: जग में जो सो सुन्दर राम
: सीता राम जै जै श्री हनुमान ॥४॥

'''Transliteration''' ([[IAST]])

: raghupati rāghava rājā rām
: patita pāvana sītārām ॥P॥

: sundara vigraha mēghasḥyām
: gangā tuḷasi sḥālagrām ।
: bhadragirīshwara sītārām
: bhaktajanapriya sītārām ।
: jānakiramaṇa sītārām
: jayajaya rāghava sītārām ॥1॥

: jal mein rām tal mein rām
: sāre jag mein tū hi rām
: rām rām rām rām
: prēm se bōlō jai siyārām ॥2॥

: kausalyā ke pyāre rām
: dashratha rāj dulāre rām
: rām rām rām rām
: prēm se bōlō jai siyārām ॥3॥

: jag mein jō sō sundar nām
: sitā rām jai shrī hanumān ॥4॥

'''Translation'''

: O King Raghava (Rama)! Chief of the Raghu dynasty, the descendant of King Raghu.
: O the consort of Sita! The uplifter of those who have fallen.

: You are dark-skinned and good looking like rain clouds.
: You are prayed in the form of [[Shaligram|Shalagram]] with [[Tulsi in Hinduism|Tulasi]] and [[Ganga (goddess)|Ganga]] [[Ganges|water]].
: O the consort of Sita! You are the Lord of [[Bhadrachalam]] hill.
: O the one dearest to the devotees!
: O the loved one of Janaki!
: Victory to you, the descendant of the Raghu dynasty and consort of Sita!{{Refn|This first stanza is called "Ram Dhun".|group=note}}

: Ram is in water, Ram is in the shore,
: Ram is everywhere in life.
: From your heart, say "Jai Siya Ram".

: The darling of [[Kausalya]],
: the pet of King [[Dasharatha|Dashratha]].
: From your heart, say "Jai Siya Ram".

: Sita and Ram are the two beautiful names in the world.
: Victory to Shri [[Hanuman]]!

However, the Nama Ramayana written by Shri Lakshmanacharya (who actually died in 1919) doesn't contain the verse "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram", and is totally different.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Videhatmananda|first=Swami|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ipbDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT96&dq=%22%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+-+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3%22&hl=en|title=श्रीरामनामसंकीर्तन की कहानी / Sri Ramanamsankirtan Ki Kahani|date=2018-05-17|publisher=Ramakrishna Math, Nagpur|isbn=978-93-88046-80-0|language=hi}}</ref>

== Other versions ==

* The song "Raghupati Raghav Rajaram" from the 1948 movie ''[[Shri Ram Bhakta Hanuman]]'' has the following lyrics:<ref>{{Citation|title=Raghupati Raghav Rajaram {{!}} रघुपति राघव राजा राम {{!}} Shree Ram Bhakta Hanuman Song|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uev4gPDdq_M|language=en|access-date=2021-06-29}}</ref>
:: जय रघुनन्दन जय सियाराम,
:: जानकी वल्लभ सीताराम ।

:: दशरथ राजदुलारे राम,
:: कौशल्या के प्यारे राम,
:: भक्तों के रखवाले राम,
:: जग के पालनहारे राम ।

:: रघुपति राघव राजा राम,
:: पतित पावन सीताराम ॥

* Another version known as "Ram Kirtan" is as follows:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Śarmā|first=Jagannātha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AInAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&q=%22%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B5+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%22&hl=en|title=Devī devatāoṃ kī āratiyāṃ|date=1961|publisher=Dehātī Pustaka Bhaṇḍāra|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0p3-aaTlBrAC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA25&dq=%22Ram+Kirtan%22&hl=en|title=Sanatan Daily Prayer|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|isbn=978-81-288-0484-7|language=en}}</ref>

:: रघुपति राघव राजा राम पतित पावन सीताराम ।
:: ईश्वर शिव तेरा नाम सबको सुमति दे भगवान ॥ रघु ०
:: जय रघुनन्दन जय सियाराम जानकी बल्लभ सीताराम ॥
:: कपिपति लंकापति अभिराम, जय मारुतसुत पुरण काम ॥

* Here is an excerpt from yet another version:<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=10cKAQAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B5+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%22&q=%22%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B5+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%22&hl=en|title=Kalyāṇa|date=1986|language=hi}}</ref>

:: रघुपति राघव राजा राम, पतित-पावन सीताराम ॥
:: सीताराम सीताराम, भज प्यारे तू सीताराम ॥
:: राम-कृष्ण हैं तेरे नाम । सब को सन्मति दे भगवान ॥
:: दीन-दयालु राजाराम, पतित-पावन सीताराम ॥

==In popular culture==

* Elements of the chant were included in the song "Utho Utho he Bharat" in the movie ''[[Bharat Milap]]'' (1942),<ref>{{Citation|title=Utho Utho He Bharat Tumhaare - उठो-उठो हे भरत तुम्हारे|url=https://www.hindigeetmala.net/song/utho_utho_he_bharat_tumhaare.htm|language=en|access-date=2020-06-28}}</ref> in songs of ''[[Shri Ram Bhakta Hanuman]]'' (1948), the song "De Dii Hamen Aazaadii" in the movie ''[[Jagriti]]'' (1954),<ref>{{Cite web|title=दे दी हमें आज़ादी बिना खड्ग बिना ढाल - de dii hame.n aazaadii binaa khaD.hg binaa Dhaal / जागृति-(Jaagriti)|url=https://www.lyricsindia.net/songs/2336|access-date=2020-06-28|website=www.lyricsindia.net}}</ref> ''[[Purab Aur Paschim]]'' (1970) and in the film ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998), in the [[Kannada]] film ''[[Gandhinagara]]'' (1968), in the British-Indian movie ''[[Gandhi (movie)|Gandhi]]'' (1982), in the film ''[[Gandhi, My Father]]'' (2007), and in [[Satyagraha – Democracy Under Fire|''Satyagraha'']] (2013).
* "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" was the title of a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] movie produced in 1977.
* [[Pete Seeger]] included "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram" on his album "Strangers and Cousins" (1964) and performed it in Episode 10 of his television series [[Rainbow Quest]].
* [[Sheila Chandra]] recorded a version titled ''Bhajan'' on her 1992 album ''Weaving My Ancestors' Voices''.
* Many singers such as [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Jagjit Singh]], [[K.S.Chithra]] have recorded the song.
* The game [[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]] featured the song on one of the radio stations [[Radio Del Mundo]].
*The song is an important [[Motif (literature)|motif]] in the 2006 [[Bollywood]] film, ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'', and is featured in the movie
* [[Rakesh Roshan]]'s superhero film [[Krrish 3]] contains a song named "Raghupati Raghav".
* The arrangement by Jyotishka Dasgupta is an official piece of Grade 2 Electronic Keyboard from [[Trinity College London]], where it is simply named ''Bhajan''.

==See also==
* [[Vaishnava jana to]]
* [[Hari Tuma Haro]]
* [[Hanuman Chalisa]]
* [[Shri Ramachandra Kripalu]]
* [[Thumak Chalat Ram Chandra]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{Cite book|last=Dalton |first=Dennis |title=Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Power in Action |year=1993 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=0-231-12237-3}}

{{Mohandas K. Gandhi}}

[[Category:Hindu music]]
[[Category:Vaishnavism]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Mahatma Gandhi]]
[[Category:Bhakti movement]]