GreggNfb8421: refine content additionally and added references to improve readability

2026-03-02T08:31:10Z

refine content additionally and added references to improve readability

Bot: Removing protection template from an unprotected page

2023-08-31T15:14:11Z

Removing protection template from an unprotected page

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:44, 31 August 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Short description\|Hindu philosopher and theologian (c.1595–1671)}}		{{Short description\|Hindu philosopher and theologian (c.1595–1671)}}
	{{redirect\|Raghavendra}}		{{redirect\|Raghavendra}}
	~~{{pp-pc1\|small=yes}}~~
	{{EngvarB\|date=March 2015}}		{{EngvarB\|date=March 2015}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2015}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2015}}

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-08-12T18:09:16Z

Created a new article

New page

{{Short description|Hindu philosopher and theologian (c.1595–1671)}}
{{redirect|Raghavendra}}
{{pp-pc1|small=yes}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
|name = Raghavendra Tirtha
|image = Ragavendra1.jpg
|caption =
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|birth_date = 1595 or 1598
|birth_place = [[Bhuvanagiri, Tamil Nadu|Bhuvanagiri]] (now in [[Tamil Nadu]])
|birth_name = Venkatanatha Bhatta
|spouse = Sarasvati Bai
|children = Lakshminarayanacharya
|guru = [[Sudhindra Tirtha|Sudheendra Tirtha]]
|philosophy = [[Dvaita Vedanta]]
|order = [[Vedantha]]
|honors = ''Parimalacharya''
|footnotes =
|successor = Sri Yogendra Tirtha
|literary_works = ''Bhatta Sangraha'', ''Nyaya Sudha Parimala'', ''Tantradipika''
}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
{{DvaitaInfobox}}
'''Raghavendra Tirtha''' ({{IAST|Śrī Rāghavēndra Tīrtha}}) ({{circa}}1595 – {{circa}}1671) was a [[Hindu]] scholar, theologian and [[saint]]. He was also known as '''Sudha Parimalacharya''' ({{IAST|Sudhā Parimaḷācārya}}). His diverse oeuvre include commentaries on the works of [[Madhva]], [[Jayatirtha]] and [[Vyasatirtha]], interpretation of the [[Principal Upanishads]] from the standpoint of [[Dvaita]] and a treatise on [[Purva Mimamsa]]. He served as the pontiff of [[matha]] at [[Kumbakonam]] from 1621 to 1671.{{Sfn|Sharma|1961|p=278}} Sri Raghavendra Swamy was also an accomplished player of the [[Veena]] and he composed several songs under the name of ''Venu Gopala''.{{Sfn|Rao|1966|p=85}} His shrine at [[Mantralayam]] attracts [[lakh]]s (hundreds of thousands) of visitors every year.

==Biography==
Sri Raghavendra Swami was born as Venkatanatha in the town of [[Bhuvanagiri, Tamil Nadu]] into a [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha Madhva Brahmin]] family of Gautama Gotra of musicians and scholars {{Sfn|Hebbar|2005|p=229}}{{Sfn|Callewaert|1994|p=187}} after blessings from Lord Venkateshwara. His great-grandfather Krishna Bhatta was a tutor to the [[Vijayanagara]] king [[Krishnadeva Raya]], his grandfather was Kanakachala Bhatta{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=482}} and his father Thimmanna Bhatta (also known as Thimmannacharya) was an accomplished scholar and musician.{{Sfn|Aiyangar|1919|p=252}} After the fall of the Vijayanagara empire, Thimmanacharya migrated to [[Kanchi]] with his wife Gopikamba. Venkatanatha had two siblings—Gururaja and Venkatamba. Venkatanatha's education was taken care of by his brother-in-law Lakshmi Narasimhacharya at [[Madurai]] after the early demise of his father, and he subsequently got married.{{Sfn|Sharma|1961|p=279}}

In 1624, Raghavendra Tirtha became peetadhipathi of ''Kumbhakonam Matha'', which was earlier known as ''Vijayeendra Matha'' or ''Dakshinadi Matha'', which is now known by the name of '''Mantralaya Sri Raghavendra Swamy Matha'''. After a short stay at [[Kumbakonam]], he went on a pilgrimage to [[Rameshwaram]], [[Ramnad]], [[Srirangam]], and [[Mathura]]. Later, he moved westwards to [[Udupi]] and Subramanya, and then to [[Pandharpur]], [[Kolhapur]] and [[Bijapur]]. At [[Kolhapur]], he is said to have stayed for a long time and at [[Bijapur]], he supposedly defeated many [[Advaitin]]s and converted them to [[Dvaita]] fold.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=483}} After that, he returned to [[Kumbakonam]]. By 1663 he left for [[Mysore]] where he got a grant from Dodda Devaraya Odeyar. Finally, he chose to settle down in [[Mantralayam]]{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=484}}

Raghavendra Swami entered Brindavana alive in 1671 in [[Mantralayam]], a village on the bank of river Tungabhadra in [[Adoni]] taluk in [[Andhra Pradesh]].{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=484}}

==Works==
Forty works have been attributed to Sri Raghavendra swamy.{{Sfn|Rao|1966|p=85}}{{Sfn|Rao|2015|p=325}} Sharma notes that his works are characterised by their compactness, simplicity and their ability to explain the abstruse metaphysical concepts of [[Dvaita]] in understandable terms.{{Sfn|Sharma|1961|p=282}}{{Sfn|Rao|1966|p=85}}{{Sfn|Rao|2015|p=325}} His ''Tantradipika'' is an interpretation of the [[Brahma Sutra]] from the standpoint of [[Dvaita]] incorporating elements from [[Jayatirtha|Jayatirtha's]] ''Nyaya Sudha'', [[Vyasatirtha|Vyasatirtha's]] ''Tatparya Chandrika'' and the glosses by [[Vijayendra Tirtha]]. {{Sfn|Sharma|1961|p=282}} ''Bhavadipa'' is a commentary on Jayatirtha's ''Tattva Prakasika'' which, apart from elucidating the concepts of the source text, criticises the allegations against [[Madhva]] raised by [[Appaya Dikshita]] and grammarian [[Bhattoji Dikshita]]. Sri Raghavendra swamy's expertise in [[Purva Mimamsa]] and [[Vyakarana]] is evident from his works on Vyasatirtha's ''Tatparya Chandrika'', which runs up to 18,000 stanzas. He wrote a commentary on ''Nyaya Sudha'' titled ''Nyaya Sudha Parimala''.{{Sfn|Sharma|1961|p=285}} Apart from these works, he has authored commentaries on the [[Upanishads]], first three chapters of [[Rig Veda]] (called ''Mantramanjari'') and [[Bhagvad Gita]]. As an independent treatise, he has authored a commentary on [[Jaimini Sutras]] called ''Bhatta Sangraha'' which seeks to interpret the Purva Mimamsa doctrines from a Dvaita perspective.{{Sfn|Pandurangi|2004}}

==Conversation with Sir Thomas Munroe in 19th century==
While Rayaru had his Brindavana Pravesha around 1:30 pm in the 17th century, it is recorded in the Gazette of then Madras Presidency that he gave darshan and spoke to [[Sir Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet|Sir Thomas Munroe]], a civil servant of British Government and discussed with him the restitution of the Inam Lands to the government which was being proposed then, meaning that Mantralaya would have become part of the restituted lands. After such a conversation, which Sir Thomas Munroe dutifully transcribed, the restitution was withdrawn.<ref>{{cite book|title=March of Karnataka, Volume 20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4zBOLQLy_cwC|publisher=Director of Information and Publicity, Government of Karnataka|year=1982|page=17}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
Raghavendra Tirtha has been eulogised by Narayanacharya in his contemporaneous biography ''Raghavendra Vijaya'' and a hymn ''Raghavendra Stotra'' by Appannacharya. Outside the confines of [[Dvaita]], he is regarded as a saint known for preaching the worship of [[Vishnu]] regardless of caste or creed.{{Sfn|Rao|2015|p=85}} Hebbar notes "By virtue of his spiritual charisma, coupled with the innumerable miracles associated with him, the pontiff saint may very well be said to possess an independent and cosmopolitan cult of his own with his devotees hailing not only from all walks of life but from all castes, sects and even creeds as well".{{sfn|Hebbar|2004|p=230}} His humanitarianism is evident in the devotional poems composed in his honour by [[Vijaya Dasa]], [[Gopala Dasa]] and [[Jagannatha Dasa (Kannada poet)|Jagannatha Dasa]].{{Sfn|Sharma|1961|p=281}} Raghavendra has also seen representation in the popular culture through [[Indian Cinema]].

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Film !! Title role !! Director !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 1966 || ''[[Mantralaya Mahatme]]'' || [[Dr. Rajkumar]] || T. V. Singh Thakur || [[Kannada]] || The song from the film titled "Indu Enage Govinda" was written by Raghavendra himself
|-
| 1980 || ''Sri Raghavendra Vaibhava'' || [[Srinath]] || Babu Krishnamurthy || [[Kannada]] || Srinath won [[Karnataka State Film Award]] for Best Actor for the film
|-
| 1981 || ''Mantralaya Sri Raghavendra Vaibhavam'' || [[Ramakrishna (Telugu actor)|Rama Krishna]] || M. R. Nag || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || Ramakrishna's last film as a Hero in Telugu
|-
| 1985 || ''[[Sri Raghavendrar]]'' || [[Rajnikanth]] || SP. Muthuraman || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || The film was [[Rajnikanth|Rajnikanth's]] 100th
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book |last= Sharma|first= B.N.K|title =History of Dvaita school of Vedanta and its Literature, Vol 2. |year=1961|publisher= Motilal Banarasidass|edition=3rd|location= Bombay|isbn= 81-208-1575-0}}
* {{cite book|title = A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, 3rd Edition|first = B. N. Krishnamurti| last = Sharma| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint) |isbn = 978-8120815759| year= 2000 }}
*{{cite book|title= The Sri-Krsna Temple at Udupi: The History and Spiritual Center of the Madhvite Sect of Hinduism|url=https://archive.org/details/SriKrsnaTempleAtUdupi|first=B.N|last=Hebbar|publisher=Bharatiya Granth Nikethan|year=2005|isbn=81-89211-04-8}}
*{{cite book|title=According to Tradition: Hagiographical Writing in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GrMwdEqHLzEC|first=Winand M.|last=Callewaert|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|year=1994|isbn=978-3447035248}}
*{{cite book |last= Rao|first= Krishna, M.V |title =Purandara and the Haridasa Movement |year=1966|publisher= Karnatak University|edition=|location= Dharwad|isbn= }}
*{{cite book |last= Pandurangi|first= K.T|title =Bhatta Sangraha |year=2004|publisher= Dvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation|edition=|location= Bengaluru|isbn= }}
*{{cite book |last= Aiyangar|first=Krishnaswami |title =Sources of Vijayanagar History |url= https://archive.org/details/cu31924024120150|year=1919|publisher= University of Madras|edition=|location= Chennai|isbn= }}
*{{cite book|title=Saints, gurus and mystics of India|volume=2|page=473|first=Giriraj|last=Shah|publisher=Cosmo Publications|year=1999|isbn=978-81-7020-856-3}}
*{{cite book|title=The Proceedings Of The Indian History Congress 8th Session|page=|first=Raghavendra|last=Rao|publisher=The General Secretary Indian History Congress Allahabad|year=2015|isbn=}}
* {{cite book|title = The Sri Krsna Temple at Udupi|first = B.N| last = Hebbar| publisher=Nataraj Books |isbn = 978-1881338505 | year=2004 | url=https://archive.org/details/SriKrsnaTempleAtUdupi?q=vijayindra+tirtha}}

==External links==
*[http://www.srsmatha.org/ Official website of Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt Mantralayam]

==Further reading==
*[https://archive.org/details/RaghavendraVijayam Raghavendra Vijaya: A Biography of Raghavendra Tirtha]

{{Madhva Religious Figures}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raghavendra}}
[[Category:1595 births]]
[[Category:17th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:Madhva religious leaders]]
[[Category:Dvaita Vedanta]]
[[Category:People from Cuddalore district]]
[[Category:Dvaitin philosophers]]
[[Category:1671 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu saints]]
[[Category:Scholars from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian scholars]]

Raghavendra Tirtha - Revision history

GreggNfb8421: refine content additionally and added references to improve readability

Bot: Removing protection template from an unprotected page

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article