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	Ahmed received a Fellowship from the [[International College of Dentists]] in 1947, and the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]] and the [[Pierre Fauchard Academy]] in 1949.{{citation needed\|date=July 2020}}		Ahmed received a Fellowship from the [[International College of Dentists]] in 1947, and the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]] and the [[Pierre Fauchard Academy]] in 1949.{{citation needed\|date=July 2020}}

	In 1964, he became the first Indian dentist to be awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest civilian award of the republic of India.<ref name="award60-69">{{cite web\|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/YearWiseListOfRecipientsBharatRatnaPadmaAwards-1954-2014.pdf\|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2014)\|date=21 May 2014\|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115022326/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/YearWiseListOfRecipientsBharatRatnaPadmaAwards-1954-2014.pdf\|archive-date=15 November 2016\|access-date=22 September 2016\|pages=11–37}}</ref><ref name=Fatima2020>{{Cite web\|title=Dr. Rafiuddin Ahmed : "Father of modern dentistry" of India.\|url=http://heritagetimes.in/dr-rafiuddin-ahmed-father-of-modern-dentistry-of-india/\|last=Fatima\|first=Dr Zareen\|website=HeritageTimes\|language=en-GB\|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>		In 1964, he became the first Indian dentist to be awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest civilian award of the republic of India.<ref name="award60-69">{{cite web\|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/YearWiseListOfRecipientsBharatRatnaPadmaAwards-1954-2014.pdf\|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2014)\|date=21 May 2014\|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115022326/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/YearWiseListOfRecipientsBharatRatnaPadmaAwards-1954-2014.pdf\|archive-date=15 November 2016\|access-date=22 September 2016\|pages=11–37}}</ref><ref name=Fatima2020>{{Cite web\|title=Dr. Rafiuddin Ahmed : "Father of modern dentistry" of India.\|url=http://heritagetimes.in/dr-rafiuddin-ahmed-father-of-modern-dentistry-of-india/\|last=Fatima\|first=Dr Zareen\|website=HeritageTimes\|date=24 January 2020\|language=en-GB\|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>

	Ahmed's honours and memorial tributes include an inscription on the ICD Memorial Roll in 1965. The Indian Dental Association recognized his contributions to Indian dentistry by establishing the Dr. R. Ahmed Memorial Oration at the 1977 Annual Indian Dental Conference. The [[Pierre Fauchard Academy]] (PFA) dedicated its 1987 quarterly PFA Journal in Ahmed's memory, and the University of Iowa College of Dentistry Alumni Association presented their First Distinguished International Alumnus Award to him in 1989.<ref name=100years>{{Cite web\|title=South Asia's oldest dental college of Kolkata celebrates 100 years\|url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/south-asia-s-oldest-dental-college-of-kolkata-celebrates-100-years\|website=Get Bengal\|access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref>		Ahmed's honours and memorial tributes include an inscription on the ICD Memorial Roll in 1965. The Indian Dental Association recognized his contributions to Indian dentistry by establishing the Dr. R. Ahmed Memorial Oration at the 1977 Annual Indian Dental Conference. The [[Pierre Fauchard Academy]] (PFA) dedicated its 1987 quarterly PFA Journal in Ahmed's memory, and the University of Iowa College of Dentistry Alumni Association presented their First Distinguished International Alumnus Award to him in 1989.<ref name=100years>{{Cite web\|title=South Asia's oldest dental college of Kolkata celebrates 100 years\|url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/south-asia-s-oldest-dental-college-of-kolkata-celebrates-100-years\|website=Get Bengal\|access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref>

>Vinayaraj at 04:00, 25 May 2021

2021-05-25T04:00:10Z

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{{short description|Indian dentist}}
{{Infobox medical person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Rafiuddin Ahmed
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
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| caption = Rafiuddin Ahmed
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{birth date|1890|12|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = Bardhanpara, East Bengal, British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|1965|2|9|1890|12|24|df=y}}
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| residence =
| nationality = Indian
| citizenship =
| education = *[[Aligarh University]]
*[[University of Iowa College of Dentistry]]
| occupation = Dentist
| years_active =
| known_for =
| relations =
| website =
| profession =
| field =
| work_institutions =
| specialism =
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}}
'''Rafiuddin Ahmed''' (24 December 1890 – 9 February 1965) was an Indian dentist, educator and later minister in the West Bengal cabinet, who founded the first dental college of India, [[Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital]], later named 'The Calcutta Dental College', where he remained its principal until 1950. He established the ''Indian Dental Journal'' in 1925, and played a key role in founding the Bengal Dentist Act in 1939. In 1946, he established The Bengal Dental Association which was then renamed as the [[Indian Dental Association]]. The Government of India awarded him the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1964.

== Early life ==
[[File:Alighar Muslim University.jpg|thumb|Aligarh Muslim University (1920)]]
Rafiuddin Ahmed was born on 24 December 1890, in Bardhanpara, [[Bengal|East Bengal]], [[British India]]; the second child of Maulvi Safiuddin Ahmed and Faizunnesha. He had four brothers and one sister, and completed his early education at the Dhaka Madrasa, later Collegiate School.<ref name="IDA">{{Cite web|title=Dr. Rafiuddin Ahmed Founding Father Of Indian Dental Association|url=https://www.ida.org.in/AboutUs/Details/Founder-Father-of-IDA|website=www.ida.org.in|url-status=live|access-date=7 May 2020}}</ref> In 1908, he graduated from [[Aligarh Muslim University]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

In 1909, after his father's death, Ahmed travelled at first to [[Mumbai|Bombay]] (now Mumbai), then the UK and subsequently the United States, where he gained admission to the [[University of Iowa College of Dentistry]]. In 1915, he received his dental ([[Dental degree|D.D.S]]) degree. Until 1918, during the [[World War I|First World War]], he practised at the [[The Forsyth Institute|Forsyth Dental Infirmary for Children]] in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]].<ref name=IDA/><ref name="Kochhar2000">{{cite book|last=Kochhar|first=P. C. |title=History of the Army Dental Corps and Military Dentistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=62boKgTOK7UC&pg=PA25|year=2000|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-81-7062-285-7|page=25}}</ref>

== Career ==
[[File:Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital 3.jpg|thumb|Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital]]
In 1919, at the end of the First World War, he returned to India.<ref name="Kharbanda2019">{{cite book|last=Kharbanda|first=Om Prakash |title=Orthodontics: Diagnosis of & Management of Malocclusion & Dentofacial Deformities - E Book: -|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o9jBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|year=2019|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-81-312-4936-9|page=27}}</ref>

===Dentistry===
The following year, with funding from the New York Soda Fountain, he founded the first dental college of India, [[Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital]], where he remained its principal until 1950.<ref name=IDA/><ref name=Zeba>{{cite journal |doi=10.21276/ijcmsr.2018.3.2.37 |doi-access=free |url=https://www.ijcmsr.com/uploads/1/0/2/7/102704056/ijcmsr__3_2__105_v1.pdf|title=The Future Prospects of Dental Graduates in India: A Review|year=2018|last1=Siddiqui|first1=Zeba|last2=Srivastava|first2=Rahul|last3=Srivastava|first3=Srivastava|journal=International Journal of Contemporary Medicine, Surgery and Radiology|volume=3|issue=2}}</ref> For the first three years, it had 11 students, one of whom was [[Fatima Jinnah]], a future founder of Pakistan.<ref name="Pirbhai2017">{{cite book|last=M. Reza |first=M. Reza |title=Fatima Jinnah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pU7ODgAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|year=2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-19276-8|pages=49–50}}</ref>

In 1925, he established the ''Indian Dental Journal'' and served as its editor until 1946. By 1928, the college was established as an organised institution for the education of dental studies. In that year, he published the first student's handbook on Operative Dentistry.<ref name=IDA/>

In 1946, he established The Bengal Dental Association which was then renamed as the [[Indian Dental Association]]. He served three terms as the President of the Indian Dental Association. In 1949, the College joined the [[University of Calcutta]]. That same year, he bestowed his College to the [[Government of West Bengal|West Bengal government]] and named it Calcutta Dental College.<ref name=IDA/>

===Politics===
In 1932, he was elected Councillor of the [[Calcutta Municipal Corporation]], where he remained until 1936. That year, the College affiliated with the State Medical Facility. He had a significant role in founding the Bengal Dentist Act in 1939. Between 1942 and 1944, he became the corporation's [[Alderman]].<ref name=IDA/>

Chief Minister of West Bengal, [[Bidhan Chandra Roy|Dr. B. C. Roy]], invited Ahmed to serve in the West Bengal cabinet.<ref name="Kochhar2000"/>{{when|date=May 2020}} He served in it as the Minister of Agriculture, Community Development, Co-operation, Relief and Rehabilitation until 1962.<ref name="IDA" />

He advocated for compulsory primary education.<ref name="Pirbhai2017"/>

==Awards and honours==

Ahmed received a Fellowship from the [[International College of Dentists]] in 1947, and the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]] and the [[Pierre Fauchard Academy]] in 1949.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

In 1964, he became the first Indian dentist to be awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest civilian award of the republic of India.<ref name="award60-69">{{cite web|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/YearWiseListOfRecipientsBharatRatnaPadmaAwards-1954-2014.pdf|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2014)|date=21 May 2014|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115022326/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/YearWiseListOfRecipientsBharatRatnaPadmaAwards-1954-2014.pdf|archive-date=15 November 2016|access-date=22 September 2016|pages=11–37}}</ref><ref name=Fatima2020>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Rafiuddin Ahmed : "Father of modern dentistry" of India.|url=http://heritagetimes.in/dr-rafiuddin-ahmed-father-of-modern-dentistry-of-india/|last=Fatima|first=Dr Zareen|website=HeritageTimes|language=en-GB|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>

Ahmed's honours and memorial tributes include an inscription on the ICD Memorial Roll in 1965. The Indian Dental Association recognized his contributions to Indian dentistry by establishing the Dr. R. Ahmed Memorial Oration at the 1977 Annual Indian Dental Conference. The [[Pierre Fauchard Academy]] (PFA) dedicated its 1987 quarterly PFA Journal in Ahmed's memory, and the University of Iowa College of Dentistry Alumni Association presented their First Distinguished International Alumnus Award to him in 1989.<ref name=100years>{{Cite web|title=South Asia's oldest dental college of Kolkata celebrates 100 years|url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/south-asia-s-oldest-dental-college-of-kolkata-celebrates-100-years|website=Get Bengal|access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref>

==Death and legacy==
[[File:R. ahmed statue.jpg|thumb|Statue of Ahmed inside the old campus of the [[Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital]]]]
Ahmed died on 9 February 1965. He was buried at cemetery in [[Park Circus]], Culcutta.<ref name=IDA/>

Remembered as the father of modern dentistry in India, in 2016, the Indian Dental Association declared 24 December as National Dentist Day in his honour.<ref name=IDA/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Journey of Dr. R. Ahmed|url=https://indiandentalassociation.wordpress.com/2016/12/01/journey-of-dr-r-ahmed/|date=1 December 2016|publisher=Indian Dental Association (IDA)|language=en|url-status=live|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>

==Notable students==
*[[Fatima Jinnah]]<ref name="Pirbhai2017"/>
*[[Tabitha Solomon]]<ref name="Ponvannan2019">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvJ_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT143|title=Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women|last=Ponvannan|first=Gayathri|date=2019|publisher=Hachette India|isbn=978-93-88322-01-0|page=143|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://radch.net/#abtid Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital]
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1960–1969}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Rafiuddin}}
[[Category:1890 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian dentists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in medicine]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Iowa alumni]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:20th-century dentists]]

Rafiuddin Ahmed (dentist) - Revision history

imported>Citation bot: Add: date. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:1965 deaths | #UCB_Category 3657/4137

>Vinayaraj at 04:00, 25 May 2021